Math Chapter 1

additive identity

Zero, because adding 0 to a number does not change the number

algebraic expression

a mathematical expression with a variable, such as x or x-5

square

a number raised to the second power, or multiplied by itself

rational number

a number that ca be written as a fraction, or ratio, of two integers when the denominator is not zero

irrational number

a number that cannot be written as a fraction made up of twin integers or as a terminating or repeating decimal

coefficient

a number that multiplies a variable, like the 2 in 2h

cube root

a number that when cubed, or multiplied by itself three times, equals a given number

square root

a number that when squared equals a given number, denoted with the radical sign

additive inverse

a number's opposite, which is the negative of the number. When you add a number to its _____________ the result is 0

term

a product of a number and powers of variables in an expression or equation. For example, in the equation 2a(3)c, 5, and 2b

closed

a set of numbers is closed under a mathematical operation if, when that operation id performed on any two or more numbers in the set. For example, the set of whole numbers is _______ under addition, because adding any two whole numbers will always yield a whole number

power

an algebraic expression with a base and an exponent. For example, 7 to the power of 5, is a power

scientific notation

an efficient way to write very large and very small numbers, with a leading value (between 1 and 10) multiplied by a power of 10

formula

an equation that describes a relationship between two or more variables

for

divide

into

divide

per

divide

quotient

divide

factor

factors are the numbers or expressions that when multiplied together yield a given product

greatest possible error

for a given measurement the _________ __________ ________ is equal to 1/2 of the unit of measure. for example, if the measuring something to the nearest 1 inch, the __________ _________ ________ of measurement is 1/2 inch

at least

greater than of equal to

accuracy

how close a measurement is to the actual value

precision

how exact and reproducible a measurement can be

base

in an exponential expression, the base is the number raised to an exponent. in the experssion 7 to the power of 5, 7 is the _____

exponent

in an exponential expression, the exponent tells how many copies of the base are multiplied together. in the expression 7 to the power of 5, 5 is the exponent

at most

less than or equal to

product

multiply

constant

numerical value that does not change. For example, 5, 4.2, and (pie) are constants

grouping symbols

operations within ______________ ____________ must be one first order of operations. Some examples of ________________ ___________ are parentheses, brackets, and a fraction bar

associative property

property of the addition and multiplication operations that allows moving the parentheses so that different terms are grouped together, but does not affect the resulting sum or product, for example 5+(7+2) = (5+ 7)+2 or 5 x (7 x 2) = (5 x 7) x 2

zero product property

property that states that if the product of two real numbers is zero, at least one of the numbers must be zero

difference

subtract

diminished

subtract

properties of arithmetic operations

the commutative property of multiplication and the associative property of _________________ ____________

radicand

the expression under a radical sign

multiplicative inverse

the multiplicative inverse of a number, also called the "reciprocal" is 1 divided by the number

significant digits

the number of reliably known digits in a number

order of operations

the order in which mathematical operations must be performed in an algebraic expression. For example, multiplication is done before addition

commutative property

the order of terms does not affect the sum or product. For example, 3+5= 5+3 and 3 x 5= 5 x 3

principal square root

the positive square root of a number

distributive property

the product of a factor and a sum (or difference) of terms (in parentheses) equals the sum (or corresponding differences) of the individual products of the factor with each term, For example, 3 x (2+5)= 3 x 2 + 3 x 5

reciprocal property

the property that btw product of any number and its multiplicative inverse, or reciprocal, is 1

interval of measure

the range of values describe by a given measurement result, plus and minus the greatest possible error of measurement

radical sign

the sign that designates a root, or radical.

perfect square

the square of a rational number or polynomial

evaluate

to replace the variable, or variables, in an algebraic expression with a number, or numbers, and perform the indicated mathematical operations

algebraic equation

two algebraic expressions joined by an equality sign

algebraic inequality

two algebraic expressions joined by any one of the _______ signs <,>,_<, _>

index

when taking the "n"th root of a given number, b, n is called the ________

increase by

add

more than

add

plus

add

sum

add