Math test #3

In order to gauge public opinion about how to handle​ Iran's growing nuclear​ program, a research group surveyed 1009 Americans by telephone and asked them to rate the threat​ Iran's nuclear program poses to the world on a scale of 1 to 10. Describe the​ population, sample, population​ parameters, and sample statistics. 1.Identify the population in the given problem. Choose the correct answer below. 2.Identify the sample for the given problem. Choose the correct answer below. 3.Identify the population parameter in the given study. Choose the correct answer below. 4.Identify the sample statistic. Choose the correct answer below.

1. All Americans 2. The 1009 Americans surveyed by telephone 3. The mean rating of all Americans on irans nuclear program 4.The mean threat rating on​ Iran's nuclear program of the 1009 Americans surveyed by telephone

Much like sound bytes of news​ stories, statistical studies are often reduced to​ one- or​ two- sentence​ stat-bytes. For the following​ stat-byte, discuss what crucial information is missing and what more you would want to know before acting on the study. A newspaper reports that over​ 60% of adults avoid visits to the dentist because of fear.

1. How respondents were chosen 2. The size of the sample 3.The questions respondents were asked

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, what was the death rate per​ 100,000 people in 1980 for​ cancer? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

180

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, how many participants were in the​ survey? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

200

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, what academic year was the tuition lowest for private​ college? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

2000-01

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, what was the frequency of temperatures between 95 to​ 99? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

3

In a test of the effectiveness of garlic for lowering​ cholesterol, 49 adult women were treated with garlic in a processed tablet form. Cholesterol levels were measured before and after the treatment. The changes in their levels of LDL cholesterol​ (in mg/dL) have an average​ (mean) of 4.5. Identify the​ sample, the​ population, the sample​ statistic, and the population parameter in this study. 1.Identify the sample in the given study. Choose the correct answer below. 2.Identify the population in the given study. Choose the correct answer below. 3.Identify the sample statistic in the given study. Choose the correct answer below 4.Identify the population parameter in the given study. Choose the correct answer below.

1. the 49 adult women in the study 2. all adult women 3 the average change in levels of LDL cholesterol (in mg/dL), 4.5, of the adult women in the study after receiving the garlic treatment 4.he average change in the levels of LDL cholesterol​ (in mg/dL) of all adult women after receiving the garlic treatment

State whether the decay is linear or​ exponential, and answer the associated question. The value of a car is decreasing by 9​% per year. If the car is worth ​$9,000 ​today, what will it be worth in two​ years? Question content area bottom Part 1 State whether the decay is linear or exponential. The decay is exponential since the quantity decreases by the same relative amount.

7452.9

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, what percentage of students feel that their first year of college exposed them to diverse​ opinions, cultures, and​ values? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

88

In​ mathematics, what is the purpose of a​ function? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

A function describes how one variable depends on another.

Give an example of qualitative data. Explain your reasoning. Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

An example is ratings of restaurants because they would be based on subjective opinions.

Write a short statement that expresses a possible relationship between the variables. (travel time from Denver to Chicago, average speed of a car) Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below

As the average speed of a car​ increases, the time to drive from Denver to Chicago decreases.

Based on the​ figure, which statement below is​ correct?

Boys' scores in country A are less than​ girls' scores in country E.

dentify the sampling method​ (simple random​ sampling, systematic​ sampling, convenience​ sampling, or stratified​ sampling) in the following study. A famous magazine chooses its ​"most-impressive actors​" by compiling responses from readers who mail in a survey printed in the magazine.

Convenience sampling

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, which statement is not true about the​ study?

Employers carefully constructed an estimate of the number of unauthorized immigrants.

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, which statement is not true about the​ study?

Employers carefully constructed an estimate of the number of unauthorized immigrants.

Question content area top Part 1 Much like sound bytes of news​ stories, statistical studies are often reduced to​ one- or​ two- sentence​ stat-bytes. For the following​ stat-byte, discuss what crucial information is missing and what more you would want to know before acting on the study. A newspaper reports that over​ 60% of adults avoid visits to the dentist because of fear. Question content area bottom Part 1 Which of the following is crucial information that you would want to know before acting on the​ study? Select all that apply.

How respondents were chosen The size of the sample The questions respondents were asked

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, what is the classification of data in part​ (b)? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

Quantitative Data

Which of the statements below best describes the perceptual distortion that occurs in the​ figure?

The meaningful data are represented by the dollar bill​ lengths, but our eyes tend to focus on their areas.

Decide whether the following statement makes sense​ (or is clearly​ true) or does not make sense​ (or is clearly​ false). Explain your reasoning. When I graphed the linear​ function, it turned out to be a wavy curve.

The statement does not make sense because a linear function has a​ straight-line graph.

Determine whether the sentence makes sense or does not make sense. Ocean temperature is a function of altitude. Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

The statement makes sense because the ocean's temperature at the surface or higher altitudes is warmer than its temperature at lower altitudes.

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, what is the expected relationship among the dependent and independent variables in the​ statement, "The way the price of a new smart phone affects the number of people who buy​ it?"

We expect the number of people making the purchase to decrease as the price increases.

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, which statement is false about interpreting the double bar graph in figure​ (a)? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

Women earn more than men when they have both earned a doctoral degree.

During the worst periods of hyperinflation in a certain​ country, the price of food increased at a rate of 10​% per month. State whether this increase was linear or exponential. If your food bill was ​$160 in one month during this​ period, what was it three months​ later? Question content area bottom Part 1 Was the growth in inflation linear or​ exponential?

exponential 213

The price of a computer component is decreasing at a rate of 9​% per year. State whether this decrease is linear or exponential. If the component costs ​$80 ​today, what will it cost in three​ years? Question content area bottom Part 1 Is the decline in price linear or​ exponential?

exponential 60.29

Consider a line with equation y=12x−3. Which of the following lines has the same slope but a different​ y-intercept? Explain your reasoning.

y=12x+3 because the rate of change is the​same, but the initial value is different.

Why is it so important that a statistical study use a representative​ sample? Briefly describe four common sampling methods. Why is it so important that a statistical study use a representative​ sample? Briefly describe four common sampling methods. Choose the correct answer below.

1. If the sample fairly represents the population as a​ whole, then it is reasonable to make inferences from the sample to the population. 2 Simple random​ sampling; Systematic​ sampling; Convenience​ sampling; Stratified sampling

Much like sound bytes of news​ stories, statistical studies are often reduced to​ one- or​ two- sentence​ stat-bytes. For the following​ stat-byte, discuss what crucial information is missing and what more you would want to know before acting on the study. A cable network reports on a survey of​ America's top restaurants that found that​ "only nine restaurants achieved a rare 29 out of a possible 30 rating and none of those restaurants are in the Big​ Apple."

1.Who the respondents in the survey were 2.How the respondents were selected 3.How the quality of restaurants was measured

5a

5a

You have a table listing ten tourist attractions and their annual numbers of visitors. Which type of display would be most appropriate for these​ data? Explain your reasoning. Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

A bar graph would be most appropriate because the goal is to compare the numbers of visitors that go to the attractions. A bar graph could do this because it uses a set of bars to represent the frequency of each category.

Give simple examples of a unimodal​ (single-peaked) distribution and a bimodal​ (double-peaked) distribution. Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

An example of a unimodal distribution is the heights of 50 adult​ giraffes, and an example of a bimodal distribution is the amount of time parents spend on social media each week.

What are​ outliers? Describe the effects of outliers on the​ mean, median, and mode. Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

An outlier in a data set is a value that is much higher or much lower than almost all other values. An outlier can change the mean of a data​ set, but does not affect the median or mode.

Write a short statement that expresses a possible relationship between the variables. (gas mileage of car, cost of driving 500 miles)

As the gas mileage​ increases, the cost of driving a fixed distance decreases.

Write a short statement that expresses a possible relationship between the variables. (latitude, ocean temperature on a given day)

As the latitude​ increases, the ocean temperature on a given day decreases.

Write a short statement that expresses a possible relationship between the variables. (volume of gas tank, cost to fill the tank) Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

As the volume of a gas tank​ increases, the cost to fill the tank increases.

The term statistics can have two meanings. Describe both meanings. Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below. A. Statistics is information used to make graphs and statistics are always numbers. B. Statistics is a type of algebra and statistics are variables in equations. C. Statistics is the science of​ collecting, organizing, and interpreting data and statistics is always definitive. D. Statistics is the science of​ collecting, organizing, and interpreting data and statistics are the data​ (numbers or other pieces of​ information) that describe or summarize something.

D. Statistics is the science of​ collecting, organizing, and interpreting data and statistics are the data​ (numbers or other pieces of​ information) that describe or summarize something.

The accompanying graph depicts marriage and divorce rates for selected years in a particular region. The marriage rates are depicted by the left blue​ bars, and the divorce rates are depicted by the right maroon bars. The rates are given as number of marriages or divorces per 1000 people in the population. Complete parts​ (a) and​ (b) below. Identify any advantages and disadvantages of the multiple bar graph and the multiple line chart. Select all that apply.

F. The marriage rate peaked in the 1970s and​ 1980s, but has generally declined since then. The multiple line chart makes it easier to examine the trend over time. The multiple line chart is less​ cluttered, so the information is easier to understand and interpret. In​ general, the multiple line chart is a better choice because the data categories are quantitative.

Choose the best answer to the following question. Explain your reasoning with one or more complete sentences. Which of the following is an example of exponential​ decay? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

Government support for education decreasing by​ 1% per year is an example of exponential decay because the support decreases by the same percentage each year.

Describe the importance of labeling on a​ graph, and briefly discuss the kinds of labels that should be included on graphs. Question content area bottom Part 1 Select each of the following that describes a label that should be included in graphs and the importance of including it.

If multiple data sets are displayed on a single​ graph, there should be a legend or key to identify the individual data sets.​ Otherwise, comparisons among the data sets would not be possible and confusion among the data sets could occur. The categories should be clearly indicated along the horizontal​ axis, and there should be a label that describes the variable that the categories represent. Without either of​ these, it would not be possible to know what data the graph is supposed to show. The graph should have a title or caption​ (or both) that explains what is being shown​ and, if​ applicable, lists the source of the data. Without this​ label, it might not be clear what the graph is supposed to illustrate. Numbers along the vertical axis should clearly indicate the​ scale, and there should be a label that describes the variable shown on the vertical axis. Without either of​ these, there would be no way of interpreting the data shown in the graph.

What is a​ histogram? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

It is a bar graph for quantitative data.

Choose the best answer to the following question. Explain your reasoning. The distribution of wages at a company is​ right-skewed with outliers at high values. Assuming you would like a high​ wage, would you hope that your wage was closer to the​ mean, median or​ mode?

It should be closer to the mean because the mean is greater than the median and mode when the distribution is​ right-skewed.

Consider the accompanying figure. Notice that the red segment of the second bar from the top starts farther right than the red segment of the top bar. What does this fact tell​ us? Choose the correct answer below. LOADING... Click the icon to view the figure.

It tells us that the sum of tuition and​ fees, plus room and​ board, is greater at a public​ four-year in-state institution than at a public​ two-year institution because the two segments extend farther out in the​ four-year in-state institution chart.

Question content area top Part 1 Describe the basic differences between linear growth and exponential growth. Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

Linear growth occurs when a quantity grows by the same absolute amount in each unit of​ time, and exponential growth occurs when a quantity grows by the same relative​ amount, that​ is, by the same​ percentage, in each unit of time.

What is a mathematical​ model? Explain this​ statement: A​ model's predictions can only be as good as the data and the assumptions from which the model is built.

Mathematical models are based on relationships between quantities that change and are described by mathematical tools called functions. This statement means that more data and more solid assumptions lead to better predictions.

Identify at least one potential source of bias in the claim below. Explain why the bias would or would not affect a​ reader's view of the claim. Based on a research center survey of​ 35,000 American​ adults, the percentages of​ four-year college degree holders among​ Hindus, atheists,​ Muslims, Catholics, and all American adults are​ 77%, 43%,​ 39%, 27%, and​ 26%, respectively.

No bias may be present. The bias would not affect a​reader's view of the claim because the results are free of bias.

Identify at least one potential source of bias in the claim below. Explain why the bias would or would not affect a​ reader's view of the claim. Based on interviews with about​ 175,000 adults, a research center poll found that Mississippi is the most religious state​ (59% claimed to be very​ religious) and Vermont is the least religious​ (21% claimed to be very​ religious).

No bias may be present. The bias would not affect a​reader's view of the claim because there is no bias present.

. In what academic year did public college tuition rise by the largest​ percentage, and about what was that​ percentage? Public college tuition rose by the largest percentage in 2003-04 by about 13%. Part 2 b. In the year found in part​ (a), about what was the percentage increase in private college​ tuition? The percentage increase in private college tuition was about 5% in that year. Part 3 c. In the year found in part​ (a), which had the larger increase in actual tuition​ (in dollars), public or private​ colleges? Explain. Choose the correct answer below.

Private college tuition rose more in terms of dollars. Since their tuition was so much higher than public​ colleges, a lower percentage increase on private college tuition can be larger than a higher percentage increase on public college tuition.

What is the distinction between qualitative data and quantitative​ data? Give a few examples of each. Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

Qualitative data describe​ categories, while quantitative data represent counts or measures. Brand names of shoes in a consumer survey and eye colors are examples of qualitative data. Heights of students and quiz scores are examples of quantitative data.

Identify any potential sources of bias in the following study. An exit poll designed to predict the winner of a local election uses interviews with every Democrat who votes between 8:00 and 9:45 a.m. Question content area bottom Part 1 What sources of​ bias, if​ any, might this study​ have?

Selection bias only

Identify the sampling method as simple random​ sampling, systematic​ sampling, convenience​ sampling, or stratified sampling. An IRS​ (Internal Revenue​ Service) auditor randomly selects for audits 50 taxpayers in each of the filing status​ categories: single, head of​ household, married filing​ jointly, and married filing separately.

Stratified sampling

Define and distinguish among​ mean, median, and mode. Choose the correct description of the mean below. Choose the correct description of the median below. Choose the correct description of the mode below.

The mean is the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. It can be strongly affected by outliers. The median is the middle value in a data set. It is not affected by outliers. The mode is the most common value in a data set. It is not affected by outliers.

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, what data on the pictograph is not statistically​ meaningless? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below

The bar graph

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, which statement is​ false?

The control group was people who tried to grow their eyelashes longer using the​ "Fast Growing​ Serum."

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, which statement is​ false? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

The control group was people who tried to grow their eyelashes longer using the​ "Fast Growing​ Serum."

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, which statement is​ false?

The data justified the​ conclusion, and teaching methods need improvement.

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, which statement is​ false? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

The data justified the​ conclusion, and teaching methods need improvement.

Consider the accompanying figure. What was the death rate for pneumonia in​ 1940? LOADING... Click the icon to view the graph.

The death rate for pneumonia in 1940 was approximately 60 deaths per​ 100,000.

Question content area top Part 1 A ​$980 washing machine in a laundromat is depreciated for tax purposes at a rate of $70 per year. Find a function for the depreciated value of the washing machine as it varies with time. When does the depreciated value reach​ $0?

The equation of the line in​ slope-intercept form is V=980 minus 70 t980−70t. ​(Type your answer in​ slope-intercept form. Type an expression using t as the variable. Do not include the​ $ symbol in your​ answer.) Part 2 It takes 1414 years for the machine to depreciate to ​$0.

What does it mean to say that a function is​ linear?

The function has a constant rate of change. The function has a​ straight-line graph. The function can be described by an equation of the form y=mx+b.

A motorcycle can be purchased for ​$8700 or leased for a down payment of ​$500 and ​$220 per month. Find a function that describes how the cost of the lease depends on time. Assuming that the monthly payments are​ made, how long can the motorcycle be leased before more than the purchase price has been​ paid?

The function that models the situation is p 500 plus 220 t​, where p is the amount paid on the lease in dollars and t is the time in months. The motorcycle can be leased for 3737 ​month(s) before more than the purchase price is paid.

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, which statement is false about interpreting the stack​ plot? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

The highest average estimated budget is for public​ four-year out-of-state​ on-campus.

Define the terms​ population, population​ parameter, sample, raw​ data, and sample statistic as they apply to statistical studies.

The population is the complete set of people or things being studied, a population parameter is a number that describes a characteristic of the​ population, a sample is the set of people or things from which the data are obtained, a sample statistic is a number that describes a characteristic of a​ sample, and raw data are the individual measurements collected.

An article noted that chocolate is rich in flavonoids. The article reports that​ "regular consumption of foods rich in flavonoids may reduce the risk of coronary heart​ disease." The study received funding from a candy company and a chocolate manufacturers association. Identify and explain at least one source of bias in the study described. Then suggest how the bias might have been avoided.

The researchers may have been more inclined to provide favorable results because funding was provided by a party with a definite interest. The bias could have been avoided if the researchers were not paid by the candy company and the chocolate manufacturers.

Question content area top Part 1 An article noted that chocolate is rich in flavonoids. The article reports that​ "regular consumption of foods rich in flavonoids may reduce the risk of coronary heart​ disease." The study received funding from a candy company and a chocolate manufacturers association. Identify and explain at least one source of bias in the study described. Then suggest how the bias might have been avoided. Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

The researchers may have been more inclined to provide favorable results because funding was provided by a party with a definite interest. The bias could have been avoided if the researchers were not paid by the candy company and the chocolate manufacturers.

How is the rate of change of a linear function related to the slope of its​ graph?

The smaller the rate of​ change, the shallower the graph. Your answer is correct. The greater the rate of​ change, the steeper the graph.

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, which statement is​ false?

The smoking rate in Kansas is much higher than the smoking rate in Beijing.

Question content area top Part 1 According to the videoopens in a new tab​, which statement is​ false?

The smoking rate in Kansas is much higher than the smoking rate in Beijing.

What is meant by the variation of a​ distribution? Give simple examples of distributions with different amounts of variation. Question content area bottom Part 1 Variation is how widely data values are spread out from the center of a data set. Part 2 Give simple examples of distributions with different amounts of variation. Choose the correct answer below.

The speeds of cars on a highway and passing through a busy intersection.

Decide whether the following statement makes sense​ (or is clearly​ true) or does not make sense​ (or is clearly​ false). Explain your reasoning. Human population has been growing exponentially for a few​ centuries, and this trend can be expected to continue forever in the future. Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

The statement does not make sense because exponential growth cannot continue indefinitely.

Decide whether the following statement makes sense or does not make sense. Explain your reasoning. I graphed a function showing how my heart rate depends on my running speed. The domain was heart rates from 60 to 180 beats per minute.

The statement does not make sense because the heart rate depends on the running speed.​ Thus, the domain should contain the running speeds and the range should contain the heart rates.

Decide whether each of the following statements makes sense​ (or is clearly​ true) or does not make sense​ (or is clearly​ false). Explain your reasoning. I made a distribution of 15 apartment rents in my neighborhood. One apartment had a much higher rent than all of the​ others, and this outlier caused the mean rent to be higher than the median rent. Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

The statement makes sense because an outlier with a large value increases the​ mean, but does not affect the median.

Decide whether the following statement makes sense​ (or is clearly​ true) or does not make sense​ (or is clearly​ false). Explain your reasoning. By choosing my sample​ carefully, I can make a good estimate of the average height of Americans by measuring the heights of only 500 people.

The statement makes sense because carefully choosing a sample is likely to result in a sample that closely resembles the population.

Decide whether the following statement makes sense​ (or is clearly​ true) or does not make sense​ (or is clearly​ false). Explain your reasoning. A small town that grows exponentially can become a large city in just a few decades. Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

The statement makes sense because exponential growth leads to repeated​ doublings, making the population increase rapidly.

Decide whether the following statement makes sense​ (or is clearly​ true) or does not make sense​ (or is clearly​ false). Explain your reasoning. In a data set of 10 exam​ scores, in which no two people got the same​ score, the mean was equal to the score of the person with the third highest grade. Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

The statement makes sense because the data could be skewed towards the higher​ scores, causing the mean to be equal to the third highest grade.

Decide whether the following statement makes sense​ (or is clearly​ true) or does not make sense​ (or is clearly​ false). Explain your reasoning. Money in a bank account earning compound interest at an annual percentage rate of​ 3% is an example of exponential growth. Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

The statement makes sense because the money in the account grows by the same​ percentage, which is an example of exponential growth.

Consider the tan regions in the attached​ figure, such as the region including northern Texas and eastern Colorado. What can you say about temperatures within those tan​ regions? Choose the correct answer below. LOADING... Click the icon to view the figure.

The temperatures in the tan regions were higher than 40°F but lower than 50°F because it lies within the contour region specified as inbetween 40°F and 50°F

What are the three basic ways to represent a​ function? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

The three basic ways to represent a function are a​ table, a​ graph, and an equation.

. Briefly describe how the unemployment rate has changed with time over the period shown in the figure. Has the trend in differences between educational attainment level remained consistent during this​ time? Explain. Choose the correct answer below.

The unemployment rate varies over the time period. The trend in differences between educational attainment level has remained relatively consistent over this time​ period, in that more education leads to a smaller unemployment rate since for each year a higher level of education always has an unemployment rate less than education levels below it. 2 to 3 times

Determine whether the following variable is qualitative or​ quantitative, and explain why. The eye color of students in a class Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

The variable is qualitative because colors are nonnumerical categories.

Determine whether the following variable is qualitative or​ quantitative, and explain why. Home prices in a small town Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

The variable is quantitative because price is a numerical category.

How can graphics be misleading when the scales do not go all the way to​ zero? Why are such graphics sometimes​ useful? Question content area bottom Part 1 How can the graphics sometimes be​ misleading? How can the graphics sometimes be​ useful?

The variation can seem to be larger than it really is. It can make it easier to show small scale trends in the data.

Choose the best answer to the following question. Explain your reasoning. One hundred students take a chemistry exam. All but two of the students score between 55 and 79 ​points, but one student gets a 21 and one student gets a 99. What do the scores 21 and 99 ​represent?

They represent outliers. One is much lower than most of the​ values, and one is much higher than most of the values.

Decide whether the following statement makes sense​ (or is clearly​ true) or does not make sense​ (or is clearly​ false). Explain your reasoning. The distribution of grades was​ left-skewed, but the​ mean, median, and mode were all the same. Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

This does not make sense because the mean and median should lie somewhere to the left of the mode if the distribution is​ left-skewed.

Decide whether the following statement makes sense​ (or is clearly​ true) or does not make sense​ (or is clearly​ false). Explain your reasoning. I graphed two linear​ functions, and the one with the greater rate of change had the greater slope.

This makes sense. According to the definition of linear​ functions, the rate of change is equal to the slope of the graph and the greater the rate of​ change, the greater the slope.

Briefly describe two possible sources of confusion about the​ "average." Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

Two possible sources of confusion are not knowing whether the reported average is the mean or the​ median, and not having enough information about how the average was computed.

Much like sound bytes of news​ stories, statistical studies are often reduced to​ one- or​ two- sentence​ stat-bytes. For the following​ stat-byte, discuss what crucial information is missing and what more you would want to know before acting on the study. A cable network reports on a survey of​ America's top restaurants that found that​ "only nine restaurants achieved a rare 29 out of a possible 30 rating and none of those restaurants are in the Big​ Apple."

Who the respondents in the survey were How the respondents were selected How the quality of restaurants was measured

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, what question was asked that resulted in lower support for tax​ cuts?

Would you favor a tax cut even if it increased the federal​ deficit?

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, what question was asked that resulted in lower support for tax​ cuts? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

Would you favor a tax cut even if it increased the federal​ deficit?

Based solely on the information​ given, do you have reason to question the results of the following hypothetical​ study? Explain your reasoning. A study by a conservative foundation is designed to assess a new Democratic spending plan.

Yes, there is reason. There is a possibility of bias in the study.

Based solely on the information​ given, do you have reason to question the results of the following hypothetical​ study? Explain your reasoning. A study by a conservative foundation is designed to assess a new Democratic spending plan. Question content area bottom Part 1 Is there reason to question the​ results? Select all that apply.

Yes, there is reason. There is a possibility of bias in the study.

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, which state did not have energy use per person between 6000 and​ 6999? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

florida

State whether the growth​ (or decay) is linear or​ exponential, and answer the associated question. The value of a house is increasing by ​$1900 per year. If it is worth ​$170,000 ​today, what will it be worth in three ​years? Question content area bottom Part 1 Is the increase in value linear or​ exponential?

linear 175700

The population of a town is increasing by 621 people per year. State whether this growth is linear or exponential. If the population is 1300 ​today, what will the population be in three ​years? Question content area bottom Part 1 Is the population growth linear or​ exponential?

linear 3163

Identify the sampling method as simple random​ sampling, systematic​ sampling, convenience​ sampling, or stratified sampling. A computer randomly selects 400 names from a list of all registered voters. Those selected are surveyed to predict who will win the election for Mayor.

simple random sampling

Question content area top Part 1 According to the videoopens in a new tab​, what type of distribution would represent changes in household income over the past three​ decades? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

right-skewed

Identify any potential sources of bias in the following study. An exit poll designed to predict the winner of a local election uses interviews with every Democrat who votes between 8:00 and 9:45 a.m.

selection bias only

According to the videoopens in a new tab​, what type of distribution would represent the prices of​ 24-ounce containers of 30 assorted brands of dish​ soap? Question content area bottom Part 1 Choose the correct answer below.

symmetric

Identify the sampling method​ (simple random​ sampling, systematic​ sampling, convenience​ sampling, or stratified​ sampling) in the following study. A college dean obtains an alphabetical list of all​ full-time students at her college and she selects every 26th name on that list and interviews those students to find the amount of financial aid received by each of them. She uses the results to estimate the average​ (mean) amount of financial aid received by college students in the United States.

systematic sampling

What type of statistical study is most likely to lead to an answer to the following​ question? If the study is an​ experiment, identify the control and treatment​ groups, and discuss whether​ single- or​ double-blinding is necessary. If the study is​ observational, state whether it is a retrospective​ study, and if​ so, identify the cases and controls. Which of two available treatments is more effective in protecting vegetable plants from giant African snails​? 1.If the study is an​ experiment, identify the control and treatment groups. Choose the correct answer below. 2.If the study is an​ experiment, discuss whether​ single- or​ double-blinding is necessary. Choose the correct answer below. 3.If the study is​ observational, state whether it is a retrospective study. Choose the correct answer below. 4.If the study is a retrospective​ study, identify the cases and controls. Choose the correct answer below.

the study is an experiment 1.The control group would be vegetable plants without any treatment and there would be two treatment​ groups, one with each treatment being tested 2.Blinding is not necessary since vegetable plants do not know whether they are given a treatment or not. 3.The study is not observational. 4.The study is not retrospective.

What type of statistical study is most likely to lead to an answer to the following​ question? If the study is an​ experiment, identify the control and treatment​ groups, and discuss whether​ single- or​ double-blinding is necessary. If the study is​ observational, state whether it is a retrospective​ study, and if​ so, identify the cases and controls. Over a period of many​ years, which National Basketball Association teams with warm-weather home courts have better​ records? 1.If the study is an​ experiment, identify the control and treatment groups. Choose the correct answer below. 2.If the study is an​ experiment, discuss whether​ single- or​ double-blinding is necessary. Choose the correct answer below. 3.If the study is​ observational, state whether it is a retrospective study. Choose the correct answer below. 4.If the study is a retrospective​ study, identify the cases and controls. Choose the correct answer below.

the study is observational 1.The study is not an experiment. 2.The study is not an experiment. 3.The study is observational and it is a retrospective study. 4. The cases would be the teams with warm weather home and the controls would be teams without warm weather home .

What are three dimensional​ graphics? Explain the difference between graphics that only appear​ three-dimensional and those that show truly​ three-dimensional data. Question content area bottom Part 1 What are​ three-dimensional graphics? Explain the difference between graphics that only appear​ three-dimensional and those that show truly​ three-dimensional data. Choose the correct answer below.

​Three-dimensional graphics are graphs that visualize data using images that look three dimensional. Truly​ three-dimensional graphics show data with 3 different variables plotted along three different axes. Graphics that only appear​ three-dimensional show data with less than three different​ axes, but parts of the graphic look​ three-dimensional.

Consider the hypothetical study described below. Based solely on the information​ given, do you have reason to question the results of the​ study? Explain your reasoning. A TV talk show host asks the TV​ audience, "Do you support new national mileage standards for​ automobiles?" and asks people to vote by telephone at a​ toll-free number.

​Yes, there is reason.​ Call-in polls tend to be biased. Yes, there is reason. The wording of the question might produce inaccurate or dishonest responses. Yes, there is reason. The TV audience might not be representative of the population.

Consider the hypothetical study described below. Based solely on the information​ given, do you have reason to question the results of the​ study? Explain your reasoning. A TV talk show host asks the TV​ audience, "Do you support new national mileage standards for​ automobiles?" and asks people to vote by telephone at a​ toll-free number. Question content area bottom Part 1 Is there reason to question the​ results? Select all that apply.

​Yes, there is reason.​ Call-in polls tend to be biased. Yes, there is reason. The wording of the question might produce inaccurate or dishonest responses. ​Yes, there is reason. The TV audience might not be representative of the population.