Med term- chapter 11
the medical term that means: a congenital herniation of brain tissue through a gap in the skull
Encephalocele, also known as a craniocele, is a congenital herniation of brain tissue through a gap in the skull (encephal/o means brain, and -cele means hernia).
Define the medical term epidural anesthesia.
Epidural anesthesia is regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine.
What is the medical term that describes a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain?
Hydrocephalus is a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain (hydr/o means water, cephal means head, and -us is a singular noun ending).
What progressive autoimmune disorder causes scarring on the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves, and disrupts the transmission of nerve impulses?
Multiple sclerosis is a progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath. This scars the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves and disrupts the transmission of nerve impulses. This damage leaves the patient with varying degrees of pain plus physical and cognitive problems.
Define the medical term myelography.
Myelography is a fluoroscopic and CT study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture (myel/o means spinal cord, and -graphy means the process of producing a picture or record). The resulting record is a myelogram.
What medical term means a chronic, degenerative central nervous disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and a slow or shuffling gait?
Parkinson's disease is a chronic, degenerative central nervous disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and a slow or shuffling gait.
This neurotransmitter influences muscle action:
acetylcholine
Which structure is the second layer of the meninges and is located between the dura mater and the pia mater?
arachnoid membrane
Which type of specialized peripheral nerves carries instructions to the organs and glands from the autonomic nervous system?
autonomic nerve fibers
Which part of the neuron conducts impulses away from the nerve cell?
axon
cerebr/o
brain
encephal/o
brain
the stalk-like portion of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord is the
brainstem
What is the name of the electrochemical process that creates patterns of neuron electrical activity in the brain?
brainwaves
Which structure, made up of elevated folds and deep fissures, is the outer layer of the cerebrum?
cerebral cortex
The largest and uppermost part of the brain is the
cerebrum
Which of the following is a reflex action?
changing heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure
The thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges is called the
dura mater
The neurons that are also known as the motor neurons and carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord and toward the muscles and glands are called
efferent neurons
esthesi
feeling
This cerebral lobe controls skilled motor functions, memory, and behavior:
frontal
The nerve center made up of a cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system is the:
ganglion
dura
hard
arachnoid
having to do with spiders
Which part of the brainstem controls basic survival functions, including the muscles that make respiration possible?
medulla oblongata
mater
mother
neur-
nerve
Which cranial nerves serve the muscles of the eye function?
oculomotor
Which term is used to describe a network of intersecting spinal nerves?
plexus
myel/o
spinal cord
Part of the fight-or flight response and a division of the autonomic nervous system are the
sympathetic nerves
pia
tender or delicate
The part of the brain that produces sensations by relaying impulses to and from the cerebrum and the sense organs of the body is called the
thalamus
an-
without
What is the medical term for the results of a child being violently shaken by someone?
Shaken baby syndrome describes the results of a child being violently shaken by someone. This action can cause brain injury, blindness, fractures, seizures, paralysis, and death.
Define the medical term spinal anesthesia.
Spinal anesthesia, also called a spinal block, is regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the subarachnoid space.
What system of membranes enclose the brain and spinal cord?
The meninges are the system of membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord.
Which medical term means a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain?
A cranial hematoma is a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain (hemat means blood, and -oma means tumor).
the medical term that means: occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks
A hemorrhagic stroke, also known as a bleed, occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks.
Define the medical term lumbar puncture.
A lumbar puncture (LP), also known as a spinal tap, is the process of obtaining a sample of cerebrospinal fluid by inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar region to withdraw fluid.
Define the medical term sedative.
A sedative depresses the central nervous system to produce calm and diminished responsiveness without producing sleep.
brain damage that occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted because a blood vessel is either blocked or has ruptured
A stroke is properly known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). A CVA is brain damage that occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted because a blood vessel is either blocked or has ruptured.
the patient reports a condition they believe to be a mini-stroke, which includes symptoms of numbness, blurred vision, dizziness, and loss of balance. What is the medical term for this?
A transient ischemic attack (TIA), sometimes referred to as a mini-stroke, is the temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain. Symptoms of a TIA include numbness, blurred vision, dizziness, or loss of balance.
An automatic, involuntary response to some change, either inside or outside the body, is a
REFLEX
Which medical term means inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve?
Radiculitis also known as a pinched nerve, an inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve that causes pain and numbness radiating down the affected limb.
