Medical Microbiology: Gram Positive Bacteria + Infections
Enterococcus faecalis
-UTIs -abdominal wound infection -endocarditis (also caused by E. faecium, but less common)
Bacillus anthracis
-anthrax (cutaneous, inhalation)
Clostridium difficile
-antibiotic associated diarrhea -pseudomembranous colitis
Clostridium botulinum
-botulism/flaccid paralysis/floppy baby syndrome (severe; heat labile)
Strep mutans
-cavities -endocarditis (dental prophylaxis)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
-diphtheria (AB toxin, pseudomembrane formation)
Bacillus cereus
-food poisoning (24-hr bug) -RICE = vomiting -MEAT/VEG = diarrhea
Listeria monocytogenes
-food poisoning (soft cheese, processed meat) -abortions (can cross placenta) -meningitis (neonates) (cannot be cooked out, cured out)
Clostridium perfringens
-gas gangrene (fermentation of tissue by toxins) -food poisoning (mild; heat stable)
Clostridium tetani
-lockjaw (tetanus toxin)
Strep pneumoniae
-meningitis (common cause from age 1 month until elderly) -acute pneumonia -otitis media (most common cause)
Strep agalactiae (GBS)
-meningitis (neonates) -pneumonia (neonates) -bacteremia (neonates) (pregnant women are screened ~1 month before due date, tx if positive)
Gram + Rods (Bacilli)
Bacillus (spore forming) Clostridium (spore forming) Corynebacterium Listeria
Strep pyogenes (aka GAS)
PYOGENIC DISEASES -pharyngitis -impetigo -cellulitis -pneumonia -erysipelas TOXINOSES -scarlet fever -necrotizing faciitis -streptococcal TSS POST INFECTION DISEASES -rheumatic fever -glomerulonephritis
Staph epidermidis
Prosthetics (biofilm) (coagulase -)
Staph saprophyticus
Pyogenic UTI (most UTIs are gram - organisms) (coagulase -)
Staph aureus
SKIN/SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS -impetigo -mastitis -endocarditis -necrotizing pneumonia -boils/abscesses TOXINOSES -TSS -gastroenteritis (don't pick your nose or butt!) (coagulase +)
Gram + Cocci (Facultative)
Staph (catalase +) Strep (catalase -) Entero