Medical Microbiology: Gram Positive Bacteria + Infections

Enterococcus faecalis

-UTIs -abdominal wound infection -endocarditis (also caused by E. faecium, but less common)

Bacillus anthracis

-anthrax (cutaneous, inhalation)

Clostridium difficile

-antibiotic associated diarrhea -pseudomembranous colitis

Clostridium botulinum

-botulism/flaccid paralysis/floppy baby syndrome (severe; heat labile)

Strep mutans

-cavities -endocarditis (dental prophylaxis)

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

-diphtheria (AB toxin, pseudomembrane formation)

Bacillus cereus

-food poisoning (24-hr bug) -RICE = vomiting -MEAT/VEG = diarrhea

Listeria monocytogenes

-food poisoning (soft cheese, processed meat) -abortions (can cross placenta) -meningitis (neonates) (cannot be cooked out, cured out)

Clostridium perfringens

-gas gangrene (fermentation of tissue by toxins) -food poisoning (mild; heat stable)

Clostridium tetani

-lockjaw (tetanus toxin)

Strep pneumoniae

-meningitis (common cause from age 1 month until elderly) -acute pneumonia -otitis media (most common cause)

Strep agalactiae (GBS)

-meningitis (neonates) -pneumonia (neonates) -bacteremia (neonates) (pregnant women are screened ~1 month before due date, tx if positive)

Gram + Rods (Bacilli)

Bacillus (spore forming) Clostridium (spore forming) Corynebacterium Listeria

Strep pyogenes (aka GAS)

PYOGENIC DISEASES -pharyngitis -impetigo -cellulitis -pneumonia -erysipelas TOXINOSES -scarlet fever -necrotizing faciitis -streptococcal TSS POST INFECTION DISEASES -rheumatic fever -glomerulonephritis

Staph epidermidis

Prosthetics (biofilm) (coagulase -)

Staph saprophyticus

Pyogenic UTI (most UTIs are gram - organisms) (coagulase -)

Staph aureus

SKIN/SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS -impetigo -mastitis -endocarditis -necrotizing pneumonia -boils/abscesses TOXINOSES -TSS -gastroenteritis (don't pick your nose or butt!) (coagulase +)

Gram + Cocci (Facultative)

Staph (catalase +) Strep (catalase -) Entero