Western Europe in Early Middle Ages Review

How many ways did the empire split after Charlemagne's death?

3 ways

Why were Vikings known as great explorers?

Because they explored land and also sea. They traveled on sea and new the sea well. They relied on time and elements of the sea to help them find their way.

What happened to the empire after Charlemagne died?

Empire disintegrated and everything he accomplished was undone and fell apart.

Where did Vikings originate from?

Far Northern Europe

What did Benedict create?

He founded a religious community dedicated to worship and service

Who was Benedict?

He was a catholic Monk

By the time of Charlemagne's death what all did he accomplish?

He was able to restore government back to western europe and also brought unity to the old Roman Empire.

When Charlemagne became emperor what was the new name of this empire?

Holy Roman Empire

Where did the Lords live?

In Manors (castles)

What were the main principles of chivalry?

It was a code of ethics. It was the ideal of civilianized behaviors based on principles of honor, respect, and fair play on the battlefield.

What region did the Vikings have the least affect on in the Middle Ages?

Jerusalem

Due to many "mini-kingdoms" in Europe, what was the relationship between kings and lords in the Middle Ages?

Kings had a higher rank, but since kings were so far away from the people, they had very little control of the lords. The lords had more true power and controlled the people that served them. Often times they battled each other who was actually more powerful.

What is feudalism?

Loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own lands and peasants under them yet kings were in position above them. Everyone in this society ad certain duties and rolls towards the political and social structures.

Who did the peasants/serfs serve?

Lords

What did the lords manor systems consist of?

Lords house/castle the farmland forests and the village outside the manor walls where the peasants lived

In a Manor System, describe each of these areas: Manor Waste Parsonage Village Meadow Spring Planting Fallow

Manor - where the lord and their family lived Waste - the land that the lord felt was not good enough for his own animals to graze upon, but allowed the peasants to graze their animals there Parsonage - where the priests lived Village - where the serfs/peasants lived Meadow - where the lords own animals grazed Spring Planting - where the villager's farmed the land Fallow - the farmland at rest, and nothing was growing on it

What were the lands called around where the lords lived?

Manor Systems (Medieval Manors)

What groups of people did the Vikings have the least affect on in the Middle Ages?

Muslims

Did splitting up of the original Holy Roman Empire after Charlemagne's death help or hurt? Explain

No It left 3 very weak empires. It caused the local lords of the areas to grow more powerful than their kings and it also left areas very vulnerable to invasions by other people.

What were Vikings also known as?

Norsemen

Who made Charlemagne emperor when he restored Western Europe & brought unity to the old Roman empire?

Pope Leo III

What is Monasticism?

Religious men who separate themselves from society and dedicate themselves to worship

Which best describes a feudal society?

Serfs were controlled by the Lords - so the Lords had power over the Serfs Serfs worked for the lords and all their crops they grew mainly went to the lords.

With increasing productivity of farming from all the new innovations, peasants often had excess crops leftover not needed by the lord and not needed by them. What did they begin to do with all these excess crops?

They began to sell them or use them for trade.

What did the merchants during the Middle Ages begin to do to protect themselves during long-distance trading?

They began to travel in groups for protection.

Since Europeans feared Vikings, how did Vikings affect European society?

They contributed to the development of feudalism. They forced people to build castles and walled towns to protect themselves from the Vikings. They created chaos and fear all over Europe. Due to all the fear they caused forcing people to live in isolation behind walls they rolled back the advances that Charlemagne created.

What led the Catholic Church to push for a code of chivalry?

To help civilize the fighting between the Christian armies

After Charlemagne's death, power moved away from the emperor to who?

To regional and local lords.

What was the status of Western Europe when Charlemagne became king?

Western Europe was in decline

What "sparked" the Dark Ages/Middle Ages?

When Western Roman empire crumbled

At the time of the trades, and after money was created, it became an issue to carry large amounts of "coin" on trade routes because it increased chances for theft. What did the merchants develop to help with this issue?

a form of I.O.U. bills of exchange - promises to repay someone legal documents that represented money but that would be worthless to a robber if stolen.

What was the Hanseatic League?

a group that arose of merchants from northern Germany and Baltic areas that banded together .

Which best describes the political structure of Europe during the Middle Ages after Charlemagne's death?

a patchwork of little areas of "mini-kingdoms"

What establishment was created to deal with the growth of our economy?

banks

With increased trade with crops and other things, traveling great distances became common. What were the conditions of these long-distance trades?

dangerous road accidents robbers disease bad weather high seas if traveling by boat

Why did the 3-rorational system for crops improve crop production?

farmers realized fields didn't need a full year to recover like they had thought , having one field for crops and one in resting fallows for a year. Instead, they would plants two different crops on two plots of land and one would be in fallow resting.

What were the traits of a Viking?

fierce warriors great explorers both on land and on sea great sailors

What is a monastery ?

groups of buildings that formed a community for only monks

What was the direct result of the increased trading of crops between farmers and merchants?

growth of towns and later cities

What was it like to live in Dark Ages?

horrible, poverty, hunger, war, disease

What were some developments that came from agriculture/farmers during the Middle Ages?

iron plows horse shoes for horses 3-field rotation of crops

With new business arrangements forming, how did this eventually help merchants and their growing businesses?

people could invest and create partnerships and form stock options. it spread out the risk of failure encouraged growth for merchants when normally it would have been too risky or scary to try

What were the common people, the peasants called during the Middle Ages?

serfs

What was Charlemagne's goal for Europe?

strengthen his kingdom and bring order to all of Europe.

Why did the Hanseatic League form?

they wanted to help protect trade routes for others since it was so dangerous

How did trade help improve our economic base?

with increased trade, we eventually needed a form of money instead of just trading goods. but currency for selling and buying things.