Medical Terminology Final
________ is pigmentation loss in areas of the skin.
Vitiligo
The adjustment of the lens of the eye to variations in distance is called:
accomodation
AML is the abbreviation for
acute myelogenous leukemia
Mr. Skarda was started on interferon to stimulate his immune system. Interferon, which is produced by normal cells, uses the body's own defense mechanism to fight tumor cells. Therefore, it is called:
biologic response modifier
Removing living tissue from the body and viewing it (under a microscope) is called a(n):
biopsy
The combining form for to cast (throw):
bol/o
Mr. Chase exhibited instability in interpersonal relationships and sense of self characterized by alternating over-involvement with and rejection of people. He was diagnosed with ________ personality disorder.
borderline
Implantation of radioactive seeds directly into the tumor
brachytherapy
The study of the heart is _______logy.
cardio
Blood screening that includes an RBC count, a WBC count with differential, a platelet count, hemoglobin and hematocrit, and red blood cell indices is called a(n) ________, which is abbreviated ________.
complete blood count, CBC
antacid
epigastric discomfort
Channel between middle ear and nasopharynx
eustacian tube
The ear structure that provides an equalization of air pressure between the middle ear and external atmospheric pressure is the:
eustacian tube
A ________ test is used to find evidence of a heart attack.
serum enzyme
The prefix tetra- means
four
The combining form follicul/o means:
small, glandular sacs
The combining form son/o means:
sound
Upper part of the pelvic bone
ilium
Prefix combined with costal meaning pertaining to between the ribs
inter
The abbreviation IV means:
intravenous
Pituitary hormone that promotes ovulation
lutenizing hormone
The prefix macro- means _____; the opposite of macro- is _____.
macro; large; micro
Yellowish region on retina containing fovea centralis
macula lutea
_____aise is a bad feeling or a vague feeling of bodily discomfort.
mal
Osteo_____ is softening of bones.
malacia
Hyperactivity and agitation; extreme excitement
mania
Hair turns gray when the body stops producing:
melanin
________cele is the protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord through a defect in the spinal column.
meningomyelo
The bones beyond (distal to) the carpals are the _____carpals.
meta
_____cephalic means pertaining to an abnormally small head and brain.
micro
Phagocytic agranulocytes
monocytes
A ________ is an abnormal, prolonged heart sound caused by incomplete closure of heart valves.
murmur
White wrapping that surrounds and protects the axon
myelin sheath
Tumor of bone marrow
myeloma
The ________metrium is the muscular middle layer of the uterus.
myo
Advanced atherosclerosis could likely lead to:
myocardial infarction
Ms. Munoz was scheduled for a ________ectomy to remove uterine fibroids.
myom
Poly________ is chronic inflammatory myopathy.
myositis
________ectomy is the excision of the kidney.
nephr
The term for kidney disorder is ________pathy.
nephro
The functional unit of the kidney is the:
nephron
Which of the following is not an accessory organ of the skin?
nerve fibers
Dys________ is a negative, painful feeling; for example, a feeling of sadness and hopelessness.
phoria
Mr. Kenneport had diabetic retinopathy that was treated with ________coagulation, which is the use of a laser to seal leaky blood vessels and prevent growth of new ones.
photo
Small opening on the surface of the skin
pore
Lying face down
prone
________, which is abbreviated ________, tests the ability of blood to clot by measuring the time elapsed between adding calcium to the sample and the appearance of a clot; it is used to follow patients on anticoagulants.
prothrombin time, PT
The use of self-induced vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, and/or excessive exercising to avoid weight gain is called:
purging
Mrs. Talifori was diagnosed with Parkinson disease. Characteristic symptoms likely to be seen in Mrs. Talifori as the disease progresses include all of the following except:
quadriplegia
Connective tissue tumors usually require large doses of radiation to destroy the tumor cells; this type of tumor is called:
radioresistant
Drugs, such as cisplatin and 5-FU (5-fluorouracil), that sensitize tumors and normal tissue to radiation to improve the outcome of treatment are called:
radiosensitizers
The abbreviation for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor is:
SSRI
Cup-shaped capsule surrounding the glomeruli
Bowman's Capsule
The correct term for removal of the spleen is:
splenectomy
Clusters of berry-shaped bacteria
staphylococci
Chole_____ means the stopping or suppression of bile flow.
stasis
amphetamine
stimulant
Prefix combined with thoracic meaning pertaining to above the chest
supra
The circuit that the blood follows from the heart to the body's tissues and back is called _________ circulation.
systemic
TUIP is the abbreviation for:
transurethral incision of the prostate
TUMT is the abbreviation for:
transurethral microwave thermotherapy
TUNA is the abbreviation for:
transurethral needle ablation
The combining form therapeut/o means:
treatment
The use of shock waves to crush urinary tract stones is called litho_________.
tripsy
The prefix ana- means _____; the opposite of ana- is _____.
up or apart; cata
The combining form humer/o means:
upper arm bone
The combining form valvul/o means:
valve
blister
vesicle
The combining form aque/o means:
water
The combining form for cell:
cyt/o
Adding drugs early in the course of treatment to hasten or assist primary treatment in attacking cancer cells
adjuvant therapy
Increases reabsorption of sodium in the blood
aldosterone
Loss of memory
amnesia
ACE is the abbreviation for:
angiotensin converting enzyme
The congenital absence of one or both testes is called ________ism.
anorch
Prefix combined with flexion meaning forward curvature of a part or organ
ante
Which of the following prefixes can mean before?
ante; pre
The combining form for front:
anter/o
Mrs. Nuesbaum had a grand mal seizure. Her physician prescribed Dilantin, a(n) ________convulsant, to prevent further seizures.
anti
The prefix in the term antibodies is _____, which means _____.
anti; against
heparin
anticoagulant
Mrs. Farrell's symptoms—paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing, coughing—are indicators of:
asthma
Formation of fatty deposits on the inner lining of the coronary arteries
atherosclerosis
AV is the abbreviation for:
atrioventricular
lymphocytes that transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies
b-cells
The combining form calcane/o means:
heel bone
Excess cells due to an increased rate of cell division
hyper-plasia
Lymphocytes that recognize and destroy foreign cells without prior sensitization
natural killer cells
skin lesion of measles
papule
Delusions of persecution or harassment
paranoia
Extensive double-layered membrane lining the abdominal cavity:
peritoneum
Study of drug effects in the body
pharmacodynamics
________ is the calculation of drug concentration (or disposition) in tissues and blood over a period of time.
pharmacokinetics
PCP is the abbreviation for:
phencyclidine
Excessive bleeding caused by congenital lack of one of the protein factors necessary for blood clotting is called hemo________.
philia
The suffix in the term acrophobia is _____, which means _____.
phobia, fear
A hair-containing cyst found in the sacral region of the back is called a ________ cyst.
pilonidal
Gland at the base of the brain
pituitary
The medical term for afterbirth is:
placenta
The liquid portion of blood is called:
plasma
Composed of a variety of cell types
pleomorphic
The combining form pleur/o means:
pleura
Space between the folds of the pleura
pleural cavity
Excessive fluid accumulation in the pleural space due to infection, malignancy, or trauma is called:
pleural effusion
________neuritis is the inflammation of several nerves.
poly
Occurring or performed after death is referred to as:
postmortem
Test used to measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs
pulmonary function tests
The combining form sphygm/o means:
pulse
The muscular ring at the lower end of the stomach is the ____ sphincter.
pyloric
A ________ scan consists of pictures taken of organs after injection of radioactive substances.
radiocuclide
RIA is the abbreviation for:
radioimmunoassay
A synonym for roentgenology is:
radiology
The heel of the foot is on the _____ side of the body.
dorsal
DPT is the abbreviation for:
dyptheria, pertussis, tetanus injection
The combining form esthes/o means:
feeling or sensation
Use of electrocardiography to record the fetal heart rate during labor
fetal monitoring
Ms. Golitz presented to her gynecologist with lumps in her breasts. Further interview revealed that the lumps were sometimes associated with premenstrual tenderness and fullness. Ms. Golitz's probable diagnosis is the common benign condition known as:
fibrocystic disease
Sensitive tip of the penis
glans penis
Microscopic tube where urine is formed
renal tubule
RTI is the abbreviation for:
reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Lumbo_____ means pertaining to the lower back and sacrum.
sacral
Oil-secreting gland associated with hair follicles
sebaceous gland
narcotic analgesic
severe pain
The abbreviation for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone is:
siadh
Sp gr is the abbreviation for:
specific gravity
The inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin is called ________.
thalassemia
benzodiazepine
tranquilizer
The medical term for the eardrum is:
tympanic membrane
Except for the egg and sperm, all human body cells contain _____ chromosomes.
46
The abbreviation for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube is:
PEG tube
The abbreviation for single-photon emission computed tomography is:
SPECT
Shawn, age 16, is being treated for leukemia, which is a condition in which there is a marked increase in abnormal:
WBC
What is the abbreviation for the procedure that uses a thorascope equipped with a camera to magnify the area under observation and projects it onto a video monitor?
VATS
The abbreviation for voiding cystourethrogram is:
VCUG
The abbreviation for erythropoietin is:
EPO
A feeding tube placed in the stomach:
G- tube/ button
The abbreviation that refers to the structure removed in a cholecystectomy is:
GB
The abbreviation for gastroesophageal reflux disease is:
GERD
Also known as the alimentary tract
GI tract
A temporary absence of breathing is _____pnea.
a
The physician orders a ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan, which reveals abnormalities consistent with a pulmonary embolism. You know a pulmonary embolism means:
a clot forms in distant veins and is carried to the lungs
Missy's anaphylactic reaction to penicillin means future use of the drug is dangerous and ill-advised. The severe allergic reaction that prevents future use of the drug for Missy is called:
a contraindication
Paralysis as an expression of shell shock or combat fatigue in a soldier is:
a conversion disorder
Mr. Ling's history revealed that his father died of colon cancer. Due to Mr. Ling's age and positive family history, the physician scheduled Mr. Ling for a flexible colonoscopy. This diagnostic procedure is:
a visual examination of the entire colon
The normal formation of blood cells in the bone marrow is called hemato________.
poiesis
Mr. Gonzales' colonoscopy revealed several large benign polyps, which his physician removed in a ___.
polypectomy
Mr. Martez, a paraplegic from an automobile accident, had decreased bone density, or osteo________, in his legs from atrophy of disuse.
porosis
A _____ is attached to the beginning of a word root to modify its meaning.
prefix
PAC is the abbreviation for:
premature atrial contractions
The Draw-A-Person test is an example of a(n):
projection
Promotes breast tissue growth and milk secretion
prolactin
The suffix -ptosis means:
prolapse
The primary function of platelets is to ________.
promote blood clotting
Turning the palm of the hand backward (down) is called:
pronation
The combining form prostat/o means:
prostate gland
________, which is abbreviated ________, is a serum protein produced by prostate cancer cells.
prostate specific antigen, PSA
Mr. Gerald was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer. His oncologist recommended combination chemotherapy as the modality, or method, of treatment, which would be given according to a written plan, or a:
protocol
The function of the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) is to:
provide support for the larynx
_____ means nearest the point of reference. Its opposite direction is _____.
proximal; distal
A compulsion to continue taking a drug substance despite adverse consequences is called:
psychological dependance
Blepharo_____ is drooping of the eyelid.
ptosis
Cartilaginous disk joining the two pubic bones
pubic symphysis
X-ray of arteries and veins in the lung after injection of dye into a blood vessel
pulmonary angiogram
Rotation of a surgical instrument to remove a core of tissue for examination
punch biopsy
________ refers to ecchymoses and petechiae over any part of the body.
purpura
purulent abscess
pustule
The combining form for renal pelvis is:
pyel/o
ROM is the abbreviation for:
range of motion
The medical term for headache is ceph________.
algia
The combining form bas/o means:
alkaline
A respiratory allergy caused by exposure to an inhaled antigen and characterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath is called:
allergic asthma
Flap of the ear
auricle
Post_________ means pertaining to behind the pinna of the ear.
auricular
The preoccupation with self-centered, illogical ideas and fantasies that exclude the external world and is often a feature of schizophrenia is called:
autism
A condition in which a person's body makes an antibody that destroys platelets is ________.
autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura
Tony, age 28, re-entered the hospital for high-dose chemotherapy and a bone marrow transplant for his leukemia. Bone marrow had been harvested from Tony after his first hospitalization in which he achieved complete remission. This type of bone marrow transplant is called:
autologous
Lasix is prescribed for Mr. Garrison to lower his blood pressure. Since it reduces blood volume by stimulating the kidney to remove water and salt (excreted in the urine), it is categorized as a(n):
diruetic
Jared was diagnosed with disorganized type schizophrenia. Disorganized type schizophrenia is primarily marked by:
disorganized speech and behavior and childish or inappropriate affect
Sudden, unexpected travel away from home or work, including the assumption of a new identity or inability to recall one's previous identity, is:
dissociative fugue
Malignant transformation of genetic material results from damage to:
dna
Focusing sound waves on a blood vessel to measure the velocity of blood flow
doppler ultrasound
Decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot bends backward (upward toward the top of the foot) is called ________flexion.
dorsi
X-rays of the bones in the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist to detect bone density are called a(n):
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometr
The outer layer of the meninges is called the ________ mater.
dura
Children affected with pituitary ________ism are normal mentally, but their bones remain small and underdeveloped.
dwarf
The medical term for a condition of involuntary, spasmodic movements:
dyskenesia
The degree of a tumor's maturity or microscopic differentiation is called its:
grade
An echocardio________ is the record of the structure and motion of the heart produced by using sound.
gram
Multi________ is a term that refers to a woman who has been pregnant more than once.
gravida
What is a doctor who specializes in the health care of women, including sexual and reproductive function and the diseases of the female reproductive organs?
gynecologist
Fold in the surface of the cerebral corte
gyrus
Sac or tube within which each hair grows
hair folicle
The anterior portion of the roof of the mouth is the _____ palate.
hard
________itis is the inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix.
endocervic
Ms. Genelco was diagnosed with ________osis, a condition in which the inner tissue lining of the uterus proliferates and is transferred to sites outside the uterine cavity.
endometri
WBCs with dense reddish granules that increase in allergic reactions
eosinophils
Tube located on the top of each testis that carries and stores sperm cells
epidydimus
Lid-like piece of cartilage covering the larynx
epiglottis
The combining form epiglott/o means:
epiglottis
The flap of tissue that moves to cover the trachea with each swallow
epiglottis
Each end of a long bone beyond the epiphyseal plate
epiphysis
Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by Rh blood incompatibility between the mother and the fetus
erythroblastosis fetalis
RBC
erythrocyte
red blood cells
erythrocytes
Which hormone is responsible for the buildup of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle?
estrogen
An exaggerated feeling of well-being is called _____phoria.
eu
Mr. Canton was diagnosed with a heart block. As a result, he had a slow heartbeat, or _____cardia.
brady
The combining form encephal/o means:
brain
The suffix -lysis means:
breakdown; separation
Mrs. Farrell's wheezing indicates:
bronchial narrowing and inflamation
Mr. Milorio is 73. He presents to his physician with complaints of a persistent cough. He has smoked a pack of cigarettes a day since he was 17. After a physical examination, the physician schedules Mr. Milorio for a bronchoscopy. The findings were suspicious for an infiltrating tumor. A bronchoscopy is a visual examination of the:
bronchial tubes
Exocrine gland near the male urethra
bulbourethral glands
Study of drugs that destroy harmful microorganisms, parasites, and malignant cells
chemotherapy
The combining form thorac/o means:
chest
The combining form toc/o means
childbirth
A percutaneous transhepatic ________, or injection of contrast via a needle through the skin and into the liver, was performed to assist in determining the cause of Mr. DiMarco's jaundice.
cholangiography
Hyper________ means increased cholesterol in the blood.
cholesterolemia
The combining form for cartilage:
chondr/o
Surgical repair of cartilage
chondroplasty
CLL is the abbreviation for:
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Small channels in compact bone that contain blood vessels are called:
haversian canals
On the medical record, the nurse practitioner notes Jason's diagnosis of mumps. Diagnosis means:
having sufficient or complete information to determine Jason's condition
The combining form audi/o means:
hearing
T cells that aid B cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production
helper cells
A ________ is a benign tumor made up of a bundle of blood vessels.
hemangioma
A smoky red color to the urine is indicative of blood in the urine, or ________uria.
hemat
A mass or collection of blood is called a:
hematoma
A _____glossectomy means the surgical removal of half of the tongue.
hemi
________, abbreviated ________, is the use of an artificial kidney machine to remove waste materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function.
hemodialysis, HD
The blood protein in RBCs that enables the RBCs to carry oxygen is called ________.
hemoglobin
Which of the following is an anticoagulant substance produced by basophils and tissue cells to prevent formation of thrombi and emboli?
heparin
Mr. Arturo has an inflammation of the liver that may be caused by the ____ A, B, or C virus.
hepatitis
The medical term for slipped disk is:
herniated disk
The combining form crypt/o means:
hidden; concealed
The results of Mrs. Lei's Pap smear were severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ. This microscopic description of the Pap smear shows:
highly abnormal but localized tumor cells
Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lung
hilium
Cancerous tumors are divided into broad groups on the basis of the particular type of tissue from which the tumor cells arise; this is called:
histogenesis
The personality disorder characterized by emotional, attention-seeking, immature, and dependent behavior with irrational outbursts and tantrums is labeled:
histrionic
Removal of the foreskin around the glans penis
circumcision
The combining form thromb/o means:
clot
Serum is plasma minus the ________.
clotting proteins and cells
Hereditary disorder due to degenerative changes in the cerebrum
huntington disease
Turning a body part outward
eversion
The primary symptom of SIADH [syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (ADH)] is:
excess water retention
A(n) ________cele is the accumulation of fluid in a duct or sac-like cavity like the scrotum.
hydro
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain
hydrocephalus
Mr. Gladstone was diagnosed with benign prostatic _____trophy, or increase in the size of the organ's tissue cells.
hyper
________thyroidism means excessive thyroid activity and hormone secretion.
hyper
The prefix hyper- means _____; the opposite of hyper- is _____.
hyper; excessive or above; hypo
The medical term for farsightedness is:
hyperopia
Gigantism is caused by:
hypersecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary before puberty
The removal of a tumor and a margin of normal tissue for diagnosis and possible small tumor cure is called a(n) ________ biopsy.
excisional
Mrs. Lei had a repeat Pap smear. A Pap smear is an example of a clinical procedure called:
exfoliative cytology
Lengthening or straightening a limb
extension
The exchange of air between the outside environment and the capillaries of the lungs is called:
external respiration
Fertilization of the ovum most often occurs in the:
fallopian tube
FBS is the abbreviation for:
fasting blood sugar
The combining form lip/o means:
fat
Yellow marrow is composed chiefly of:
fat
The suffix -phoria means:
feeling or bearing
Rapid, random, inefficient contraction of the atria or ventricles is called ________.
fibrilation
Finger-like projections on the outer end of the fallopian tubes that help move the ovum toward the uterus:
fimbriae
The combining form phalang/o means:
finger and toe bones
Children have two tricuspids, also known as the:
first molars
Mrs. Watkins is being treated for a duodenal ulcer. Her ulcer is located in the:
first section of the small intestine
Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral corte
fissure
crack-like sore
fissure
In addition to her delusions and disorganized thinking, Lydia's schizophrenia was marked by a(n) ________ affect; that is, a monotone voice, immobile face, and no signs of expression.
flat
Bones, such as the shoulder blades, ribs, and pelvic bones, that cover soft body parts are called:
flat bones
FDA is the abbreviation for:
food and drug administration
Small, repeated doses of radiation
fractionation
A scintiscanner is the same as a(n):
gamma camera
______ means removal of the stomach. The term is composed of the combining form ____ and the suffix _____.
gastrectomy; gastr/o; -ectomy
A patient with an inflammation of the stomach and intestines has:
gastroenteritis
Mrs. Momtazee has had gastric bypass surgery. Another term for this is:
gastrojejunostomy
A strong, persistent cross-gender identification with the opposite sex, often manifested by cross-dressing or cross-sex roles in make-belief play or fantasies of being the other sex, is called:
gender identity disorder
Mr. Garrison was diagnosed with congestive heart failure. His blood pressure was 166/98 and his pulse 96. The physician wrote the following directives: digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.5 mg IM now, then digoxin 0.25 mg PO qd furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg PO qd
generic name
A(n) _____ectomy, or surgical removal of infected and diseased gum tissue, was performed to stop further development of Mrs. Thanivaro's periodontal disease.
gingiv
________ is a plasma protein that serves as a defense mechanism of the immune system.
globulin
________nephritis is the inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney.
glomerulo
Excess glucose in the bloodstream is removed by the liver and stored as:
glycogen
A major symptom of diabetes mellitus is glucose (sugar) in the urine, or ________uria.
glycos
To measure long-term blood glucose control, a(n) ________ hemoglobin test is done.
glycosylated
A sexually transmitted disease that results in urethritis, dysuria, and an abnormal mucopurulent discharge from the urethra is called ________rrhea.
gono
The physician ordered the medications allopurinol and colchicine to treat Mr. Newton's ________ arthritis, a disease associated with accumulation of uric acid in the blood, joints, and nearby soft tissue. Mr. Newton's chief complaint was extreme pain in his left great toe, a condition often called ________.
gouty, podagra
After three months of regular measurement, Mr. Jackson's blood pressure ranges between 170/90 and 180/100. Mr. Jackson's blood pressure is indicative of ________.
hypertension
Mr. Garrison's physician prescribed beta-blockers to help control his:
hypertension
Prefix combined with calcemia meaning pertaining to deficient blood calcium
hypo
The prefix in the term hypoglycemia is:
hypo
_____dermic means below the skin; the word part you choose is a ______.
hypo, prefix
What is the name of an anemic condition in which the percentage of hemoglobin in red blood cells is abnormally low?
hypochromic
Which complication occurs when Mr. Duarte, diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus, takes too much insulin?
hypoglycemia
Congenital opening of the urethra on the underside of the penis
hypospadias
The secretions of the pituitary are controlled by signals transmitted from the:
hypothalamus
X-rays of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material
hysterosalpingography
The suffix in the term pneumonia is _____, which means _____.
ia, condition
After losing consciousness, falling, and seizing, Clio, age 5, was brought to the ER by his parents. Two more episodes of tonic-clonic seizures occurred in the ER. Anticonvulsants were started and an EEG ordered. Another term for tonic-clonic seizures is:
ictal events
If the cause of an illness or its treatment is unknown or not understood, it is called:
idiopathic
A(n) ________ is an unexpected drug effect in a particularly sensitive person.
idiosyncrasy
The laboratory test used to detect and differentiate abnormal levels of specific antibodies is:
immunoelectrophoresis
IgM is the abbreviation for:
immunoglobulin M
________ is a bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted lesions.
impetigo
A(n) _____cision is a cut produced surgically by a sharp instrument.
in
The term that means the process of cutting into is:
incision
What does the term rhinitis mean?
inflamation of the nose
IBD is the abbreviation for:
inflammatory bowel disease
Prefix combined with costal meaning pertaining to beneath the ribs
infra
The prefix in the term infracostal is:
infra
Collection of stationary lymph tissue in the groin region
inguinal nodes
Pieces of DNA that can cause normal cells to become malignant if activated by mutations are called:
oncogenes
The combining form mon/o means:
one or single
Radio________ means obstructing the passage of x-rays.
opaque
Mr. Smithson is diagnosed with a complete (third-degree) AV heart block. To restore normal rhythm, the cardiothoracic surgeon schedules Mr. Smithson for insertion of a:
pacemaker
The hard and soft of these form the roof of the mouth
palates
Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias are:
palpitations
Deficiency of all pituitary hormones is called ________hypopituitarism.
pan
The prefix in the term pancytopenia is:
pan
Gland behind the stomach; secretes hormones from islet cells
pancreas
Small, raised areas on top of the tongue containing taste buds
papillae
Forming small finger-like or nipple-like projections of cells
papillary
________philia is recurrent sexual fantasy or arousal in response to objects, activities, or situations not normally considered erotic.
para
Involuntary nerves that help regulate body functions like heart rate and respiration are the:
parasympathetic nerves
increases blood calcium
parathormone
The glands located beside the thyroid are the:
parathyroid
Small glands on the posterior side of the thyroid
parathyroids
Mr. Powell is scheduled for a TURP. This means that he will undergo a:
partial prostatectomy
The medical term for kneecap is:
patella
Most organs of the digestive tract are held in place by a stretchable membrane called the:
peritoneum/omentum
Mrs. Lazarus went to the clinic for complaints of itching and burning around her vaginal orifice and a greenish-yellow vaginal discharge. A smear of a specimen of the discharge indicated she had gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease caused by a diplo_____ bacterium.
coccal
The medical term for the tailbone is:
coccyx
The combining form cochle/o means:
cochlea
A device that allows deaf people to understand the spoken word by converting words to electrical impulses and stimulating the auditory nerve is a(n):
cochlear implant
The combining form clavicul/o means:
collarbone
Examination of the vaginal and cervical surfaces with a special magnifying instrument is called a ________scopy.
colpo
Use of two or more antitumor drugs together
combination chemotherapy
The sebum plug (blackhead) characteristic of acne is called a:
comedo
________, which is abbreviated ________, is a diagnostic technique that beams ionizing x-rays at multiple angles around a specific section of the body to detect disease.
computed tomography, CT
Removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix for biopsy
conization
Membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera
conjunctiva
One meaning of the combining form kerat/o is:
cornea
Outer region of the kidney
cortex
A(n) ________steroid is a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex.
cortico
The dorsal cavities include the _____ and _____ cavities.
crainal and spinal
The combining form for skull:
crani/o
Body cavity where the pituitary gland is located:
cranial
Mrs. Zucker was being treated with glucocorticoids for rheumatoid arthritis. As a result, she developed symptoms caused by excess ACTH secretion, which is called:
cushing syndrome
Articular cartilage functions to:
cushion joints and allow them to move smoothly and efficiently
_____ is an abnormal bluish color to the skin due to deficient blood supply.
cyanosis
Application of intensely cold liquid nitrogen to destroy tissue
cyrosurgery
________, or the freezing and destruction of malignant tissue, was used to treat Mr. Seiger's prostate cancer.
cyrosurgery
Mr. Huchinson has decreased production of clotting cells, or thrombo_____, from his treatment with cancer drugs, or chemo_____.
cytes, therapy
________ are chemical messengers secreted by T cells that aid cells to kill antigens.
cytokines
A(n) ________ is the visual examination of the bladder by means of a lighted instrument inserted into the urethra.
cytoscopy
Macro________ is the condition in which RBCs are larger than normal in size.
cytosis
T cells that directly kill foreign cells
cytotoxic cells
Small, pinpoint hemorrhages are called:
petechiae
Mrs. Juniata underwent cataract surgery. The lens was extracted by ________emulsification, the use of ultrasonic vibration to break up and aspirate portions of the lens.
phaco
Poly_____ is the excessive eating or craving of food.
phagia
The laryngopharynx is a subdivision of the:
pharynx
Stricture (narrowing) of the opening of the foreskin over the glans penis
phimosis
Network of intersecting nerves in the peripheral nervous system
plexus
________oid is the term that refers to a mild form of schizophrenia or a withdrawn, introverted personality.
schiz
A ________scanner detects gamma rays and generates an image that helps map the distribution and rate of absorption of an administered radiopharmaceutical.
scinti
Densely packed; overgrown with fibrous tissu
scirrhous
The tough outer membrane covering the eyeball that helps to maintain the size and shape of the eyeball and attaches to the muscles that move the eye is the:
sclera
Mr. McCourtney was diagnosed with a retinal detachment after a basketball game injury. The detachment was repaired with a ________ buckle, the suture of a silicone band over the detached area to force together the layers of the retina.
scleral
The suffix in the term laryngoscopy is _____, which means ____.
scopy, process of visual examination
SAD is the abbreviation for:
seasonal affective disorder
Saliva is secreted from all of the following glands except the:
sebaceous
A benign skin neoplasm common in the elderly and characterized by thickened yellow or brown areas of the epidermis is called:
seborrheic keratosis
The suffix -lepsy means:
seizure
What follow-up laboratory test will be done to determine the effectiveness of Mr. Thatcher's vasectomy?
semen analysis
Passages in inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium
semicurcular canals
Gland that secretes a fluid into the vas deferens
seminal vessicle
Mrs. Josten saw her physician for complaints of fatigue, muscular sluggishness, and constipation. She had dry skin, coarse hair, and periorbital edema. She was diagnosed with myxedema. Myxedema is the result of:
severe hypothyroidism
What is (are) the target organ(s) of a gonadotropin?
sex glands
Excision of tissue for examination by using a cut parallel to the surface of the skin
shave biopsy
Mrs. Farrell comes to the emergency department exhibiting the following symptoms: paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing, and coughing. Dyspnea means that Mrs. Farrell is experiencing:
shortness of breath
________ anemia is a genetic disorder characterized by production of abnormal hemoglobin (HbS).
sickle cell
After 3 days of treatment with digoxin, Mr. Garrison complains of nausea and blurred vision. Both are known occasional and undesirable responses to the drug. Such responses are called:
side effects
Mr. Wayne is scheduled to have a visual examination of the distal end of his descending colon that leads into the rectum. This procedure is called a ____scopy.
sigmoid/o
The combining form cutane/o means:
skin
The combining form dermat/o means:
skin
The pH of urine is normally:
slightly acidic
The prefix brady- means _____; the opposite of brady- is _____.
slow; tachy
Digoxin primarily acts by:
slowing the heart rate and helping the heart pump forcefully
Pyloro_____ is the sudden involuntary contraction of the pylorus.
spasm
________genesis is the formation of spermatozoa.
spermato
The male sex cell is called the:
spermatozoon
The instrument used to measure blood pressure is called a ________ometer.
sphygmoman
Body cavity where the nerves of the spinal cord are located:
spinal cavity
Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells
spleen
________megaly is enlargement of the spleen.
spleno
The combining form schiz/o means:
split
The epidermis is composed of which type of cells:
squamous epithelial cells
primative immature blood cells
stem cells
Erica was born with a narrowed pyloric sphincter that obstructed the flow of food into the small intestine. This defect is called pyloric _____.
stenosis
Which procedure uses an intracranial guiding device to deliver high-dose radiation to the precisely targeted tumor tissue?
stereotactic radiosurgery
The combining form gastr/o means:
stomach
Mr. Bledsoe complains of vague abdominal discomfort in the LUQ. The location of Mr. Bledsoe's pain is in the quadrant containing the _____.
stomach, spleen, parts of the intestines
Timothy suffered from recurring fever blisters around his mouth, known as herpetic ____itis.
stomat
The combining form lith/o means:
stone
Outermost layer of epidermis
stratum corneum
The suffix -ectasia means:
stretching
The suffix -um means:
structure/tissue
The prefix in the term subcutaneous is _____, which means _____.
sub; under or beneath
You know that the patient Mrs. Farrell's paroxysmal dyspneic episode is:
sudden in onset
Tonic-clonic seizures are marked by:
sudden loss of consciousness and generalized involuntary muscle contractions that alternate with rigidity
The skin of the lower arm is _____ to the muscles below it.
superficial
The diaphragm lies _____ to the stomach.
superior
To be lying on your back is to be in the _____ position. The opposite position is _____.
supine; prone
Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography confirmed that Mr. Hullinger has a malignant glioma that is surgically inaccessible. He is scheduled for stereotactic radiosurgery. A glioma is an intracranial tumor that arises from the:
supportive or connective tissue of the brain
The _____physis pubis is the joint formed by the fusion of the two pubic bones.
sym
The prefix in the term symphysis is _____, which means _____.
sym; together or with
The combination of two drugs causing an effect greater than the sum of each drug alone is called:
synergism
The examination reveals that Mrs. Milio's glaucoma is stable but that she needs eyeglasses for presbyopia. Mrs. Milio needs eyeglasses because:
the lenses are losing their ability to accommodate to near vision as she ages
Inward deviation of one eye is called eso________.
tropia
Jason was seen by the pediatric nurse practitioner for chills, headache, pain below his ears, and a fever of 102º F. Both of his parotid glands were swollen. Blood tests showed leukocytosis. The term leukocytosis has:
two combining forms and one suffix
_________plasty is the surgical reconstruction of the bones of the middle ear.
tympano
____ are tiny projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients.
villi
The combining form for internal organs:
viscer/o
________ muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and operate the internal organs, blood vessels, and glandular ducts.
visceral
Inner fold of pleura lying closest to the lung tissue
visceral pleura
Mr. Kennedy, who has pernicious anemia, will need lifelong administration of which substance?
vitamin b12
An in ________ test is one in which something is measured or performed in a laboratory.
vitro
The combining form laryng/o means:
voice box
Mr. Raphael is admitted for a twisting of the intestines. What is the term for that?
volvulus
A psychosexual disorder in which sexual excitement and gratification are attained by secretly watching people who are undressing, naked, or engaging in sexual activity is called:
voyerism
Placement of a vibrating tuning fork on the center of Mr. O'Leary's forehead to test his hearing is called:
weber test
mosquito bite
wheal
The terms osteoarthritis and gastroenterology are both examples of the use of a combining vowel:
when connecting two roots, even if the second root begins with a vowel.
WBC is the abbreviation for:
white blood cell (count)
The combining form trache/o means:
windpipe
The foundation of a word is known as the _____.
word root
Mrs. Luce begins ambulating with assistance on her first postoperative day. On the fourth postoperative day, she experiences an acute onset of dyspnea, tachypnea, persistent cough with hemoptysis, and pleuritic pain. Mrs. Luce's symptoms include:
rapid and shallow breathing, difficult breathing
The combining form myel/o means:
bone marrow
A clinical procedure that aids in the diagnosis of leukemia is:
bone marrow biopsy
Otosclerosis is categorized as:
conduction hearing loss
Receptor cells responsible for color vision
cones
To describe a vessel as being open, use the term:
patent
Which suffix means disease condition?
pathy
Measurement of the mother's pelvis to determine its capacity
pelvimetry
Granulocyto________ is a deficiency in the total number of basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils.
penia
Dys_____ means difficult digestion.
pepsia
PTCA is the abbreviation for:
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
In ________, a radiopharmaceutical is given intravenously to obtain a lung scan.
perfusion studies
_____osteum is the tough fibrous membrane surrounding a bone.
peri
________ is a contagious parasitic infection of skin with intense pruritus.
scabies
The combining form squam/o means:
scale-like
The combining form sinus/o means:
cavity
The ____ is the first part of the large intestine.
cecum
Protrusion of the urinary bladder through the vaginal wall is a cysto_____.
cele
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disrupts:
cell-mediated immunity
Age-related macular degeneration causes severe loss of:
central vision
Heart valves are necessarily designed to:
keep the blood flowing in one direction
Postoperatively, Sharib developed a thickened hypertrophied incisional scar. This type of scar is called a:
keloid
Mr. Taylor, age 55, was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at age 20. As a result of his diabetes, he developed chronic renal failure. Recently he was hospitalized and treated for diabetic ketoacidosis. During hospitalization, his diabetes is stabilized and his insulin dosages readjusted. However, his kidney status progresses to ESRD. ESRD means that the:
kidneys fail to excrete nitrogenous waste products and acids
Fluid within the lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body
lymph
________oma is a malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue.
lymph
Stationary lymph tissue along lymph vessels
lymph nodes
The collection of interstitial fluid within the spaces between cells due to obstruction of lymph vessels and nodes is:
lymphedema
Agranulocytes that produce antibodies that play a major role in immunity
lymphocytes
Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland
lymphoid organs
LSD is the abbreviation for:
lysergic acid diethlyamide
The abbreviation tPA stands for:
tissue type plasminogen activator
The suffix -physis means:
to grow
The abbreviation for vertebrae in the neck region:
C1-C7
Men________ is the beginning of the first menstrual period.
arche
____ means inflammation of the joints and is composed of the combining form ____and the suffix _____.
arthritis, arthr/o, -itis
________plasty means surgical repair of a joint.
arthro
Which term means surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint?
arthrocentesis
The ________ colon extends from the cecum to the undersurface of the liver.
ascending
introducing a thin, flexible tube into a vein or artery and guiding it into the heart to detect pressures and patterns of blood flow
cardiac catheterization
Beaming magnetic waves at the heart to produce an image and obtain information about heart and large vessel pathology
cardiac mri
Branching muscle fibers found in the heart
cardiac muscle
Due to the repetitive motion of her computer data entry job, Louisa experienced pain and tingling sensations in the thumb and first three fingers of her left hand from compression of the median nerve in the ________al tunnel.
carp
The suffix -phoresis means:
carrying
________tonic means pertaining to decreased activity and reactivity to the environment.
cata
Decreased and blurred vision caused by clouding of the lens indicates the presence of:
cataract
The combining form eti/o means:
cause
Treatment for cervical dysplasia or cervical erosion that uses heat
cauterization
Mrs. Granger, age 77, has a history of hypertension and atherosclerosis. During the past three months, she has experienced temporary episodes of paresthesia and paresis of the right arm consistent with TIAs. She now enters the hospital with a CVA. She has aphasia and right-sided hemiplegia. Mrs. Granger's diagnosis on hospitalization was:
cerebrovascular accident
The largest and uppermost section of the brain is the:
cerebrum
Collection of stationary lymph tissue in the neck region
cervical nodes
KUB is the abbreviation for:
kidneys/ureter/bladder
________tion is the medical term for crying (the discharge of tears).
lacrima
________tion is the production of nutrient-rich milk by the mammary glands.
lacta
Visual examination of the abdominal cavity after making a small incision near a woman's navel and inserting an illuminated tube
laparoscopy
The use of an eximer laser to sculpt the cornea is called:
lasik
The combining form for side:
later/o
In what view does the x-ray beam pass from one side of the body to the opposite side?
lateral view
white blood cells
leukocytes
Phagocytic granulocytes
neutrophils
Forming multiple areas of tightly packed clusters of cells
nodular
Types of this disorder include follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma:
non-Hodgkin disease
The cause of essential hypertension is:
not readily apparent or known
Mr. Garcia developed a paralytic ileus (absence of intestinal peristalsis) after a colon resection. After surgery, the physician's order read "NPO," which means that he was:
not to take fluid or food by mouth
The combining form kary/o means:
nucleus
A psychiatric disorder characterized by the performance of repetitive acts designed to lessen anxiety is:
obsessive compulsive disorder
OSA is the abbreviation for:
obstructive sleep apnea
Pain in the chest wall muscles aggravated by breathing is called pleur_____.
odynia
The prefix apo- means:
off or away
Clinical psych________ are trained in the use of tests to evaluate various aspects of a person's mental health and intelligence.
ologists
The suffix in the term: laryngeal
-geal
Large vesicles are called:
bullae
The combining form cerebr/o means:
cerebrum
Ms. Golitz's mammography ruled out carcinoma of the breast. Mammography is:
x-ray imaging of the breast
Roger had a definite fear of animals. The term is ________phobia.
zoo
The suffix in the term: chronic
-ic
The suffix in the term: adenoids
-oids
The suffix in the term: cardiomyopathy
-pathy
The suffix in the term: metastasis
-stasis
The suffix meaning condition of urine is:
-uria
During inspiration, which of the following actions occur:
. diaphragm contracts, chest cavity area increases, internal air pressure decreases
Mrs. Henry, postmenopausal, underwent a modified radical mastectomy for stage II cancer. After the estradiol receptor assay results returned, she was started on Tamoxifen. The purpose of the estradiol receptor assay is to:
. measure the concentration of estrogen receptor sites in tumor cells
Which of the following clinical procedures is not used to help diagnose renal calculi or obstructions?
. voiding cystourethrogram
The abbreviation for stools is:
BM
Mr. Taylor's test results are: Creatinine clearance: 7.9 mL/min (low) Serum creatinine: 12.8 mg/dL (high) BUN: 125 mg/dL (high) K (potassium): 6 mEq/L (high) Hct (hematocrit): 20% (low) Which laboratory test indicates that Mr. Taylor's kidneys are failing to excrete the waste product urea?
BUN
The ________ is a personality test widely used as an objective measure of psychological disorders in adolescents and adults.
MMPI
Which clinical procedure uses magnetic and radio waves to produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body?
MRI
The abbreviation for multiple-gated acquisition scan is:
MUGA
TAT is the abbreviation for:
Thematic Apperception Test
A malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood is known as:
Wilm's tumor
The prefix in the term abductor is:
ab
Mrs. Thomasson's spleen was lacerated secondary to an auto accident. The spleen is located in the _____ cavity.
abdominal
The _____pelvic cavity is the space between the diaphragm and groin.
abdomino
Moving the body part away from the body or the midline
abduction
The premature separation of the implanted placenta
abruptio placentae
What is the term for a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax?
achalasia
Radiosurgery is a choice of treatment in which one of the following disorders?
acoustic neuroma
Previous exposure to an antibody-producing disease is an example of ________.
acquired active immunity
Movement of the arm toward the midline of the body is called ________duction.
ad
Maceo is dependent on the narcotic Dilaudid to the degree that cessation causes severe physiologic and emotional reactions; he has a(n) ________ to Dilaudid.
addiction
Chemotherapeutic agent A gives 15% tumor kill and chemotherapeutic agent B gives 20%; using the two together gives 35% tumor kill. The combination action is:
additive
Mr. Rukcic was diagnosed with gastric ________, a cancerous tumor arising from glandular cells lining the stomach.
adenocarcinoma
Nasopharyngeal lymph tissue is called the:
adenoids
Pharyngeal tonsils
adenoids
Outer section of the adrenal gland
adrenal cortex
Inner section of the adrenal gland
adrenal medulla
The prefix post- means _____; the opposite of post- is _____.
after or behind; pre
Gluc________ is a pancreatic hormone that increases blood sugar by converting glycogen to glucose.
agon
________phobia is the irrational fear of open spaces.
agora
White blood cells that do not contain granules in their cytoplasm are ________cytes, or mononuclears.
agranulo
The combining form aer/o means:
air
Mr. O'Leary, age 47, is hard of hearing. His hearing is initially tested with tuning forks. Tuning forks are used to test:
air and bone conduction
The combining form alveol/o means:
air sac
The suffix in the term peritoneal is _____, which means _____.
al, pertaining to
Surgical puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis
aminocentesis
Lou Gehrig disease
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
The prefix in the term anoxia is:
an
The sensory warning some people experience prior to a seizure is called:
an aura`
________plasia means reversion to a more primitive cell type.
ana
Ms. Kabobi received a(n) ________ic medication to relieve her postoperative pain.
analges
An ________ is a drug that relieves pain.
analgesic
Missy Spencer was given penicillin for tonsillitis. She developed a severe life-threatening allergic, or hypersensitivity, reaction to the penicillin. This type of reaction is called a(n):
anaphylactic reaction
Chest pain secondary to oxygen deprivation to the myocardium
angina pectoris
Injecting radiopaque dye to obtain x-ray visualization of the heart and large blood vessels
angiography
MAOI
antidepressant
insulin
antidiabetic
An ________ is a substance given to neutralize unwanted effects of drugs.
antidote
The foreign substance neutralized by antibodies in the immune process is called a(n):
antigen
tranquilizer
anxiety
The combining form anxi/o means:
anxious or distressed
In systemic circulation, blood flows to the ________ after it leaves the left side of the heart.
aorta
A system for scoring an infant's physical condition both 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth is called:
apgar scoring
Marsha has developed a contact dermatitis on her face, neck, and arms. She has developed such reactions in the past but has been unable to identify the causative agent. She now goes to see the dermatologist for allergy testing. A patch test is done. A patch test is performed by:
application to the skin of test substances under gauze or filter paper
Tetracyclines are ________ antibiotics that inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
bacteriostatic
In preparation for his lower gastrointestinal (GI) series, Mr. Ostertag was given an enema containing ________, which is a sulfate-based contrast medium.
barium
Mr. Powell, age 74, presents to his urologist with symptoms of bladder obstruction: urgency, nocturia, dribbling, and inability to empty his bladder completely. Digital rectal examination revealed his prostate to be enlarged. His PSA was elevated. After doing further urologic testing, Mr. Powell is diagnosed with BPH, which means that Mr. Powell has a:
benign overgrowth of the prostate gland
BPH is the abbreviation for:
benign prostatic hyperplasia
The prefix ultra- means:
beyond
In the term biology, the combining form is ____meaning ____.
bio, life
Retino________, a tumor of the retina of the eye, is an example of a known inherited cancer caused by transmission of defective DNA, which is the abbreviation for ________.
blastoma, deoxyribonucleic acid
Mrs. Milio, age 60, was diagnosed with glaucoma 12 years ago and regularly instills eye drops to control her glaucoma. Glaucoma is caused by:
blocked outflow of the aqueous humor
The combining form oste/o means:
bone
Hollow regions in a bone that help to join one bone to another and serve as passageways for blood vessels and nerves are called:
bone depressions
Both B cells and T cells originate from stem cells in the ________.
bone marrow
The aspiration of a small amount of bone marrow tissue for microscopic evidence of cancerous cells is called a(n) ________ biopsy.
bone marrow
Hyper________emia means high amounts of calcium in the blood.
calc
Which of the thyroid hormones induces calcium to leave the blood and enter bones for increased bone formation?
calcitonin
The medical term for gallstones is:
calculi
Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
calyx
Spongy, porous, trabecular bone
cancellous bone
A ________oma is a solid tumor derived from epithelial tissue.
carcin
The lower esophageal sphincter is called the ____ sphincter.
cardiac
_____ means away from the surface. Its opposite is _____.
deep; superficial
Mr. Cargas, a diabetic, frequently missed doctor's appointments and often neglected to take his oral hypoglycemics or follow his diet. The internist referred him to a psychologist to deal with his apparent denial; denial is an unconscious ________ Mr. Cargas uses to help deal with his anxiety associated with changes required to manage diabetes.
defense mechanism
Mr. Casey, 81, has had osteoarthritis for several years. He now enters the hospital for a right total hip replacement. Another name for osteoarthritis is:
degenerative joint disease
First part of the nerve cell to receive the impuls
dendrite
________ is a surgical procedure for removing scars associated with acne.
dermabrasion
While hiking, Mr. Lopez came into contact with poison ivy and subsequently developed an itching, oozing red rash on both arms. This acute inflammation of the skin is called:
dermatitis
Electro________ is a procedure that destroys tissue by burning with an electric spark.
desiccation
The ELISA laboratory test is used to:
detect the presence of HIV antibodies
Mr. Ling, age 58, saw his physician for a routine checkup. As part of the physical examination, a hemoccult test was done to:
determine the presence of hidden blood within the feces
DM is the abbreviation for:
diabetes metilus
Muscle separating the chest and abdome
diapragm
Pamela's vaginal carcinoma was caused by DES, which is the abbreviation for ________, a hormone or chemical ________ taken by her mother when she was pregnant with Pamela.
diethylstilbestrol, carcinogen
Spreading evenly through the affected tissues
diffuse
The suffix -pepsia means:
digestion
The medical term for double vision is ________opia.
dipl
After a recent river-rafting outing, Mary experienced severe itching on her back and noticed redness and swelling around a lesion in the area. Her back was also sunburned from the rafting outing. Initially, Mary thought the lesion was a bug bite and treated it with topical application of calamine and a soothing aloe lotion for the burn. When the itching and redness of the lesion did not subside, she went to see her physician. On examination, the physician noticed a raised reddish lesion with irregular borders and found other moles on Mary's legs, arms, and back. He referred Mary to a dermatologist who performed a biopsy that confirmed suspicion of a malignant melanoma. In Mary's case, as in many cases, melanomas often arise in:
dysplastic nevi on the back, lower leg, or neck
DOE is the abbreviation for:
dyspnea on exertion
Ms. Ferrari's physician told her that she had a(n) _____topic pregnancy and explained that the embryo was implanted outside the uterus in the fallopian tubes.
ec
Using high-frequency sound waves to show the structure and movement of the heart chambers and valves
echocardiography
Col_____ is the removal of part of the large intestine.
ectomy
Removal of the larynx is a laryng_____.
ectomy
On Monday, Keisha attended classes to learn the process of recording the electrical impulses of the heart, termed:
electrocardiography
Which procedure records electrical activity of the brain?
electroencephalography
The process of recording the strength of muscle contraction as muscle is stimulated is ________graphy.
electromyo
3 weeks after conception, the fertilized egg is called a(n):
embryo
The suffix -blast means:
embryonic or immature cell
Hemat_____ means vomiting blood.
emesis
The physician's admitting note on Todd Johnson's chart indicated that Todd presented with fatigue, pallor, and easy bruising. Blood tests and a bone marrow biopsy revealed that Todd had an excessive increase in the number of abnormal or cancerous white blood cells, or leuk_____.
emia
With which disorder do the alveolar walls lose their elasticity, become over-inflated, and eventually rupture?
emphysema
Ms. Golightly was diagnosed with breast cancer. The tumor was removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue and lymph nodes. This type of surgical procedure is called ________ resection.
en bloc
An electro _____gram is a record of the electrical activity of the brain.
encephalo
ESRD is the abbreviation for:
end-stage-renal-disease
Removal of plaques or fatty deposits from the innermost lining of an artery is called:
endarterectomy
Mr. Jansen lived in Wisconsin and had an enlarged thyroid gland, or ________ goiter, due to a deficiency of ________ in the diet, common among peoples in his geographic region of the state.
endemic, iodine
To locate the source of his upper GI bleeding, Mr. Hannigan underwent gastrointestinal _____scopy, the visualization of the interior of his GI tract.
endo
_________lymph is the protein-rich fluid inside the membranous labyrinth.
endo
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart that occurs when microorganisms invade its surface is called ________itis.
endocard
The pancreatic hormone that transports glucose from the blood into the body cells is:
insulin
________nodal means between two nodes.
inter
Cramp-like pain in the calf muscles caused by exercise and relieved by rest is called ________.
intermittent claudication
An acute reaction to certain drugs that leads to poor renal function, fever, and rash accompanied by eosinophils in the urine is called:
interstitial nephritis
Performance of therapeutic procedures by a radiologist while a patient is undergoing fluoroscopy or ultrasound is called:
interventional radiology
Ms. Tanager had two units of blood transfused into or within the veins, or ____venously.
intra
After a tuberculosis case was diagnosed at the college dormitory, residents were tested by injection of a purified protein derivative of the tubercle bacilli into the upper layer of the skin, or by the ________ route.
intradermal
IVP is the abbreviation for:
intravenous pyelogram
An x-ray that shows contrast material filling the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra is called a(n) ________, which is abbreviated ________.
intravenous pyelogram, IVP
Mr. Kennedy is diagnosed with pernicious anemia. In pernicious anemia, RBC production is decreased due to lack of a protein called:
intrinsic factor
Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are synthesized in the thyroid gland from:
iodine
Which contrast medium is usually injected into a vein or body part or space to assist in x-ray visualization of that body part, organ, or space?
iodine compounds
Mr. O'Leary's diagnosis is otosclerosis, which is defined as:
irregular bone formation in the ossicles, especially the stapes
Deficient blood supply to the myocardium
ischemia
A radio________ is the unstable form of an element that emits radiation.
isotope or nuclide
One who specializes in treating diseases of the kidney is a nephrolog_____.
ist
Mr. Chaney's physician told him that his chronic productive cough is from excess mucous secretion by an inflamed tracheobronchial tree. This inflammation of the bronchi is called bronch_____.
itis
KS is the abbreviation for:
kaposi sarcoma
A _____type is a picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell.
karyo
The suffix -ole means:
little/small
The combining form hepat/o means:
liver
LFTs is the abbreviation for:
liver function tests
After examination by his physician and an MRI, Mr. Jones was diagnosed with a herniated (ruptured) disk at L4-L5. Mr. Jones' disk herniation occurred at the _____.
lumbar level
Fluid transported by the lymphatic vessels is called:
lymph
Phagocytes that clear away dead cells and debris as an infection subsides are called:
macrophages
freckle
macule
________, abbreviated ________, can help detect small renal tumors by producing images using a magnetic field and radio waves.
magnetic resonance imaging; MRI
The combining form andr/o means:
male
Characteristically, a tumor that multiplies rapidly, is undifferentiated and invasive, and can metastasize is a ________ tumor.
malignant
Characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia include all of the following except:
mania
Obsessive preoccupation with fire is called pyro________.
mania
The combining form ple/o means:
many
Ms. Estrada had a mammography followed by a biopsy. She was scheduled for removal of the right breast when the biopsy results showed non-metastatic tumor of the breast. Removal of the breast is called a:
mastectomy
Removal of breast tissue
mastectomy
The combining form for meatus is:
meat/o
As a result of a work-related injury, Mr. Jones was experiencing low back pain with associated buttock, left dorsal foot, and left big toe pain. Mr. Jones' left big toe is at the _____ of the foot.
medial side
The central portion or area of the chest that separates the lungs is called the:
mediastinum
Inner region of the kidney
medulla
Pertaining to large, soft, fleshy tumors
medullary
Interview of the parents of 5-year-old Clio revealed that for about the last 24 hours, Clio has been irritable, febrile, vomiting, and experiencing cephalgia. On further examination, nuchal rigidity (stiff neck) was noted. The physician performed a lumbar puncture to measure intracranial pressure and obtain cerebrospinal fluid for examination and culture and sensitivity. Results confirmed a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Clio was started on antibiotics. Which term means inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord?
meningitis
Baby Casey was born with spina bifida, which resulted in the protrusion of the meninges called a ________cele.
meningo
The earliest sign of renal involvement in diabetes is an abnormal amount of blood protein in the urine. This abnormality is called:
microalbuminuria
MVP is the abbreviation for:
mitral valve prolapse
MOAB is the abbreviation for:
monoclonal antibody
Gena Moore, an 18-year-old college student, is seen in the student health center for complaints of fatigue, weakness, and pharyngitis. She is febrile. While performing the physical examination, the practitioner finds painful lymphadenitis. Lab tests revealed an elevated WBC with an increase in atypical lymphocytes, negative throat culture, and the presence of antibodies to EBV. Ms. Moore's most likely diagnosis is:
mononucleosis
The study of the shape of the cells is called ________logy.
morpho
Specialized membrane lining body cavities or canals
mucous
Destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding neurons in the brain and spinal cor
multiple sclerosis
Voluntary, involuntary, and cardiac are all examples of this type of tissue:
muscle
Non-reactive state; not speaking
mutism
Neuromuscular disorder characterized by relapsing weakness of skeletal muscles
myasthenia gravis
The surgical incision of the tympanum to relieve the pressure and buildup of fluid in chronic otitis media is called a(n):
myringotomy
The combining form onych/o means:
nail
The combining form ungu/o means:
nail
All of the following terms relate to pain except:
nectrotic (others are nerualgia, myalgia, pleurodynia)
A ________ biopsy is the aspiration of a core of tissue for microscopic examination.
needle
____ means nerve pain. The term is composed of the combining form ____ and the suffix ____.
neuralgia, neur-; -algia
The ________hypophysis is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
neuro
Mrs. Milio goes to her ophthalmologist for her annual eye examination and glaucoma testing. The physician checks her visual acuity and visual fields, visually examines the interior of her eye, and then performs a slit-lamp ocular examination. Visual examination of the interior of Mrs. Milio's eyes was done by use of:
ophthalmoscopy
Removal and viewing of living tissue from the body is a bi_____.
opsy
Point where optic nerve fibers cross in the brain
optic chiasm
The part of the eye commonly called the blind spot because it has no light receptor cells is the:
optic disc
Removal of both testes is called a bilateral ________ectomy.
orchi
Which one of the following ear structures has hair cells that relay sound waves to auditory nerve fibers?
organ of corti
Auditory receptor in the cochlea
organ or corti
Structures that are composed of several kinds of tissue:
organs
In the word nephrosis, the suffix is _____, which means _____.
osis, condition
Small bones of middle ear
ossicles
A bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue is an:
osteoclast
Incision into the bone is called:
osteotomy
________dynia means pain in the ear.
oto
The prefix ecto- means _____; the opposite of ecto- is _____.
out or outside; endo
Lisa increased her susceptibility to malignant melanoma by:
overexposing her skin to the sun
Stimulates uterine contractions during labor
oxytocin
A(n) _____lapse is the recurrence of a disease or symptoms after apparent recovery; the symptoms or disease comes back again.
re
The process of taking a gene from one organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism is called:
recombinant DNA technique
RBC is the abbreviation for:
red blood cell (count)
Mr. Gonzales, age 53, has diabetes mellitus. Over the past several years, examination of his eyes has revealed an increasing decline in his vision due to diabetic retinopathy. He is now scheduled for a vitrectomy. Mr. Gonzales needs a vitrectomy to:
remove scar tissue and blood from the vitreous humor
Mr. Carusa has chronic hypertension. He is scheduled for a procedure in which x-rays are taken after contrast material is injected into the bloodstream to outline renal blood vessels. This procedure is called:
renal angiography
Layer containing rods and cones
retina
Refraction refers to the bending of light rays to bring the rays into focus on the:
retina
The combining form retin/o means:
retina
Prefix combined with peritoneal meaning pertaining to behind the peritoneum
retro
RA is the abbreviation for:
rheumatoid arthritis
The combining form is made up of the _____ and a combining vowel.
root
Mr. Wayne had a hernio_____ to repair (suture) his hernia.
rrhapy
Ms. Rosenblum has a purulent, non-bloody vaginal discharge, or leuko________, as a result of an infection of her cervix.
rrhea
Folds or wrinkles within the stomach
rugae
The combining form cyst/o means:
sac of fluid
Ms. Gray underwent a bilateral ________ectomy, or removal of both fallopian tubes and ovaries, for her diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
salpingo-oophor
Ms. Carville presented with vaginal discharge, pain in the LLQ and RLQ, and cervical tenderness. She was febrile. Her history revealed repeat episodes of chlamydial infections and one ectopic pregnancy. She was diagnosed with PID. Another term for PID is:
saplingitis
Exanthematous viral diseases include all of the following except:
scabies
Radioisotopes are used to record an image of the liver, termed a liver:
scan
The lymphatic system functions to do all of the following except:
transport oxygen to capillaries from the bloodstream
Ms. King presented to her physician with a reddish "butterfly" rash over her nose and cheeks. After further examination and lab results showing high levels of antibodies in the blood, she is told she has a systemic chronic inflammatory collagen disease and corticosteroid treatment is begun. Ms. King's is:
systemic lupus erythematosis
SLE is the abbreviation for:
systemic lupus erythematosis
Mrs. Thompson is scheduled for same-day surgery. Her resting blood pressure is 112/78. The ________ pressure of this reading is 112.
systolic
The organs or tissues on which hormones act are called:
targets
________ectomy is the removal of a bone of the hindfoot (ankle bone).
tars
Connective tissue binding muscles to bones
tendon
Part of the neuron through which impulse leaves the cell
terminal end fiber
The combining form test/o means:
testis or testicle
The hormone that stimulates development of male sex characteristics is:
testosterone
What is the term for brief episodes of neurologic deficit caused by temporary interference with blood supply to the brain?
transient ischemic attacks
HIV is:
the virus that causes AIDS
A full-thickness burn injury is also called a:
third degree burn
The combining form dips/o means
thirst
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the pleural cavity
thoracentesis
Lymph vessels empty into two large ducts called the:
thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct
A _____tomy is a surgical incision of the chest wall.
thoraco
Examination of the pleural space, pleura, and lungs with a scope inserted through a small incision between the ribs
thoracoscopy
another term for platelets
thrombocytes
clotting condition
thrombosis
Blocking of an artery by a blood clot
thrombotic occlusion
Diagnostic studies for Mrs. Granger included an MRI and PET scan. Findings indicated occlusion of a cerebral artery by a blood clot with necrosis and edema of the area involved. The type of cerebral infarction Mrs. Granger experienced is called a(n):
thrombotic stroke
________ectomy means the removal of the thymus gland.
thym
Cyclo________ refers to alternating periods of hypomania and depression.
thymia
The hormone that stimulates the development of the immune system and the production of lymphocytes is:
thymosin
The organ located in the upper mediastinum that plays an important role in immunity, especially during fetal life and the early years of growth, is the:
thymus
Organ that is the site for production and maturation of one type of lymphocyte
thymus gland
Gland in the neck
thyroid
The medical term for shin bone is:
tibia
The suffix -leptic means:
to seize hold of
The suffix -tropia means:
to turn
________graphy is a series of x-ray images made to show an organ in depth.
tomo
A phlebo_____ is the incision of a vein.
tomy
Removal of the tonsils is called a:
tonsillectomy
Masses of lymph tissue in the back of the oropharynx
tonsils
A neurologic disorder marked by tics, uncontrollable vocal sounds, and inappropriate words is called:
tourette syndrome
Study of harmful effects of drugs on the body
toxicology
Creation of an opening into the trachea and insertion of a tube to create an airway
tracheostomy
Procedure that creates a permanent artificial opening in the trachea
tracheostomy
A small device that emits short pulses of high-frequency sound waves is a:
transducer
Mr. Duarte, now age 32, was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus when he was 14 years old. He takes insulin in the morning and the evening. Despite adjustments in his insulin dosage over the years, he has had difficulty maintaining a normal blood glucose range and has been hospitalized several times either for ketoacidosis or for hypoglycemia. Mr. Duarte suffers from what type of diabetes?
type 1 diabetes
________ blood contains anti-A antibodies.
type B
Prefix combined with lateral meaning pertaining to one side
uni
A person with Type AB blood is a(n) ________.
universal recipient
Form a dental arch of 16 permanent teeth, for a total of 32 teeth in the entire mouth
upper and lower gums
URI is the abbreviation for:
upper respiratory infection
Tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body
urethra
Albumin in the urine is called albumin________.
uria
The process of studying diseases of the urinary system is ____logy; the word part you choose is a _____.
uro, combinging form
The combining form vag/o means:
vagus nerve
Damaged or incompetent venous valves that fail to prevent backward flow of blood can lead to the development of:
varicose veins
Mr. Thatcher was admitted for a scheduled vasectomy. A vasectomy is the excision of the:
vas deferens
Damage to the heart valves produces lesions called ________ that can break off into the bloodstream as ________, material that travels through the blood.
vegetations; emboli
Mrs. Herald had an abdominoplasty. Her incision is on the _____ side of the body.
ventral
The thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities are the _____ cavities.
ventral
_____ means to the front. Its opposite direction is _____.
ventral; dorsal
The inter________ septum is the wall between the ventricles of the heart.
ventricular
Minute vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and join to form veins
venules
Resembling a wart-like growth
verrucous
The combining form for urinary bladder is:
vesic/o
The combining form vestibul/o means:
vestibule
One example of connective tissue is _____.
cartilage
Cephalo_____ means from the head to the feet.
caudal
A letter linking a suffix and a root, or linking two roots, in a term is the _____.
combining vowel
The physician orders an AP (anteroposterior) x-ray view of Mr. Bledsoe's abdomen. The x-ray is taken in the _____.
frontal plane
Regions of DNA within each chromosome are called _____.
genes
Carcino_____ means producing or forming cancer.
genesis
A patient who had her liver removed underwent a:
hepatectomy
The inguinal region is also called the _____.
iliac region
The term that refers to a part of the hip bone is:
ilium
Umbilical means pertaining to the _____.
navel
Cervical means pertaining to the _____.
neck
The controlling structure of the cell that directs reproduction and determines structure and function of the cell is the _____.
nucleus
Mr. Beaumont had a suprapubic prostatectomy. The note in the chart indicated that he had pain in his right inguinal region. Where is Mr. Beaumont's pain located?
on the lower right side near the groin
study of disease
pathology
The suffix -ac means:
pertaining to
Medical terms always have all of the following except a:
prefix
A group of organs that work together to perform related functions is classified as a body ____.
system
Similar cells working together to do a specific job:
tissues
A_____ means decrease in cell size.
trophy