Medical terminology lesson 11

encephal/o

brain

aphasia

condition of without speech

cephal/o

head

poly-

many, much

my/o

muscle

-algia

pain

spinal cord

passes through the vertebral canal, conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain

cephalic

pertaining to the head

neurology

study of the nerves

angi/o

(Blood) vessel

psychopathy

(any) disease of the mind

-osis

abnormal condition

cerebral thrombosis

abnormal condition of a (blood) clot in the cerebrum

psychosis

abnormal condition of the mind

a- an-

absence of, without

migraine

an intense, throbbing headache, usually one sided, and often associated with irritability, nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light or sound

subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

bleeding caused by a ruptured blood vessel just outside the brain that rapidly fills the space between the brain and the skull

central nervous system (CNS)

brain and spinal cord

cerebr/o

cerebrum, brain

multiple sclerosis (MS)

chronic degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord

parkinson disease (PD)

chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

clear, colorless fluid contained in ventricles

dementia

cognitive impairment characterized by loss of intellectual brain function

dysphasia

condition of difficulty with speech

quadriplegia

condition of paralysis of four (limbs)

hemiplegia

condition of paralysis of half (of the body)

hydrocephalus

congenital or acquired disorder caused by increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, which can cause enlargement of the cranium in infants

brain

contained within the cranium

nerve

cordlike structure made up of fibers that carries impulses from one part of the body to another

lumbar puncture (LP)

diagnostic procedure performed by insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space, usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae

dys-

difficult, painful, abnormal

path/o

disease

alzheimer disease (AD)

disease characterized by early dementia, confusion, loss of recognition of persons or familiar surroundings, restlessness, and impaired memory

encephalopathy

disease of the brain

neuropathy

disease of the nerves

-ia

diseased state, condition of

electr/o

electrical activity

anxiety disorder

emotional disorder characterized by feelings of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness arising typically from the anticipation of unreal or imagined danger

syncope

fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum

quadr/i

four

poli/o

gray, gray matter

hemi-

half

meningocele

hernia of the meninges

-cele

hernia, protrusion

-itis

inflammation

polyarthritis

inflammation of many joints

polyneuritis

inflammation of many nerves

encephalitis

inflammation of the brain

poliomyelitis

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

meningitis

inflammation of the meninges

meningomyelitis

inflammation of the meninges and the spinal cord

sciatica

inflammation of the sciatic nerve, causing pain that travels from the buttock through the leg to the foot and toes

concussion

injury to the brain caused by major or minor head trauma

-graph

instrument used to record

electroencephalograph

instrument used to record electrical activity of the brain

stroke (CVA)

interruption of blood supply to a region of the brain, depriving nerve cells in the affected area of oxygen and nutrients

arthr/o

joint

cerebrum

largest portion of the brain, divided into left and right hemispheres

cerebellum

located under the posterior portion of the cerebrum

bipolar disorder

major psychological disorder typified by a disturbance in mood

mening/o meningi/o

meninges

psych/o

mind

depression

mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness, despair, discouragement, hopelessness, lack of joy, altered sleep patterns, and difficulty with decision making and daily function

neur/o

nerve

-y

no meaning

-logist

one who studies and treats

psychogenic

originating in the mind

neuralgia

pain in a nerve

polymyalgia

pain in many muscles

cephalalgia

pain in the head

pleg/o

paralysis

paraplegia

paralysis from the waist down caused by damage to the lower level of the spinal cord

-al, -ac, -eal, -ic

pertaining to

neural

pertaining to a nerve

cerebral

pertaining to the cerebrum

neurologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of the nervous system

epidural nerve block

procedure performed for spine related pain, or for pain from other causes such as childbirth and labor, by injection of anesthetic agent into the epidural space

cerebral angiography

process of radiographic imaging of the (blood) vessels of the cerebrum

myelography

process of radiographic imaging of the spinal cord

electroencephalography

process of recording the electrical activity of the brain

-graphy

process of recording, radiographic imaging

-genic

producing, originating, causing

myelogram

radiographic image of the spinal cord

electroencephalogram (EEG)

record of electrical activity of the brain

-gram

record, radiographic image

ventricles

spaces within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid

psychologist

specialist who studies and treats the mind

phas/o

speech

myel/o

spinal cord

brainstem

stemlike portion of the brain that connects with the spinal cord

-logy

study of

psychology

study of the mind

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

sudden deficient supply of blood to the brain lasting a short time

seizure

sudden, abnormal surge of electrical activity in the brain, resulting in involuntary body movements or behaviors

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

system of nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord

meninges

three layers of membrane that cover the brain and spinal cord

-oma

tumor

meningioma

tumor of the meninges

thromb/o

(blood) clot