Medical terminology lesson 11
encephal/o
brain
aphasia
condition of without speech
cephal/o
head
poly-
many, much
my/o
muscle
-algia
pain
spinal cord
passes through the vertebral canal, conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain
cephalic
pertaining to the head
neurology
study of the nerves
angi/o
(Blood) vessel
psychopathy
(any) disease of the mind
-osis
abnormal condition
cerebral thrombosis
abnormal condition of a (blood) clot in the cerebrum
psychosis
abnormal condition of the mind
a- an-
absence of, without
migraine
an intense, throbbing headache, usually one sided, and often associated with irritability, nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light or sound
subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
bleeding caused by a ruptured blood vessel just outside the brain that rapidly fills the space between the brain and the skull
central nervous system (CNS)
brain and spinal cord
cerebr/o
cerebrum, brain
multiple sclerosis (MS)
chronic degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord
parkinson disease (PD)
chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
clear, colorless fluid contained in ventricles
dementia
cognitive impairment characterized by loss of intellectual brain function
dysphasia
condition of difficulty with speech
quadriplegia
condition of paralysis of four (limbs)
hemiplegia
condition of paralysis of half (of the body)
hydrocephalus
congenital or acquired disorder caused by increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain, which can cause enlargement of the cranium in infants
brain
contained within the cranium
nerve
cordlike structure made up of fibers that carries impulses from one part of the body to another
lumbar puncture (LP)
diagnostic procedure performed by insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space, usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae
dys-
difficult, painful, abnormal
path/o
disease
alzheimer disease (AD)
disease characterized by early dementia, confusion, loss of recognition of persons or familiar surroundings, restlessness, and impaired memory
encephalopathy
disease of the brain
neuropathy
disease of the nerves
-ia
diseased state, condition of
electr/o
electrical activity
anxiety disorder
emotional disorder characterized by feelings of apprehension, tension, or uneasiness arising typically from the anticipation of unreal or imagined danger
syncope
fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum
quadr/i
four
poli/o
gray, gray matter
hemi-
half
meningocele
hernia of the meninges
-cele
hernia, protrusion
-itis
inflammation
polyarthritis
inflammation of many joints
polyneuritis
inflammation of many nerves
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
poliomyelitis
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
meningomyelitis
inflammation of the meninges and the spinal cord
sciatica
inflammation of the sciatic nerve, causing pain that travels from the buttock through the leg to the foot and toes
concussion
injury to the brain caused by major or minor head trauma
-graph
instrument used to record
electroencephalograph
instrument used to record electrical activity of the brain
stroke (CVA)
interruption of blood supply to a region of the brain, depriving nerve cells in the affected area of oxygen and nutrients
arthr/o
joint
cerebrum
largest portion of the brain, divided into left and right hemispheres
cerebellum
located under the posterior portion of the cerebrum
bipolar disorder
major psychological disorder typified by a disturbance in mood
mening/o meningi/o
meninges
psych/o
mind
depression
mood disturbance characterized by feelings of sadness, despair, discouragement, hopelessness, lack of joy, altered sleep patterns, and difficulty with decision making and daily function
neur/o
nerve
-y
no meaning
-logist
one who studies and treats
psychogenic
originating in the mind
neuralgia
pain in a nerve
polymyalgia
pain in many muscles
cephalalgia
pain in the head
pleg/o
paralysis
paraplegia
paralysis from the waist down caused by damage to the lower level of the spinal cord
-al, -ac, -eal, -ic
pertaining to
neural
pertaining to a nerve
cerebral
pertaining to the cerebrum
neurologist
physician who studies and treats diseases of the nervous system
epidural nerve block
procedure performed for spine related pain, or for pain from other causes such as childbirth and labor, by injection of anesthetic agent into the epidural space
cerebral angiography
process of radiographic imaging of the (blood) vessels of the cerebrum
myelography
process of radiographic imaging of the spinal cord
electroencephalography
process of recording the electrical activity of the brain
-graphy
process of recording, radiographic imaging
-genic
producing, originating, causing
myelogram
radiographic image of the spinal cord
electroencephalogram (EEG)
record of electrical activity of the brain
-gram
record, radiographic image
ventricles
spaces within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid
psychologist
specialist who studies and treats the mind
phas/o
speech
myel/o
spinal cord
brainstem
stemlike portion of the brain that connects with the spinal cord
-logy
study of
psychology
study of the mind
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
sudden deficient supply of blood to the brain lasting a short time
seizure
sudden, abnormal surge of electrical activity in the brain, resulting in involuntary body movements or behaviors
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
system of nerves extending from the brain and spinal cord
meninges
three layers of membrane that cover the brain and spinal cord
-oma
tumor
meningioma
tumor of the meninges
thromb/o
(blood) clot