MedSurg - 1 Health Care Delivery & Evidence-Based Practice

A nurse is describing her role as a home care nurse to students. A student asks, "Why do you need such high-level assessment and clinical decision-making skills in this practice?" Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? a) "No other health care professionals are around to confirm my observations." b) "I need to be very alert for changes in patients because I don't have the usual equipment available." c) "The patients I care for usually are much more acutely ill than most patients seen." d) "The patient is usually alone in the home and has no one to support him or her."

"No other health care professionals are around to confirm my observations."

A nurse with 20 years' experience attends a hospital-required training session and learns a new method for assessing nasogastric (NG) tube placement. During the training the nurse educator provides the nurse with a bibliography of peer-reviewed articles related to NG tube placement. The nurse recognizes the change in procedure developed from which of the following methods? a) Core measures b) Evidence-based practice c) Knowledge, skills, and attitude d) Institute of Medicine (IOM) research

Evidence-based practice

What is the first step in becoming culturally competent? a) Exploring one's own cultural beliefs b) Using touch as a method of maintaining rapport c) Maintaining eye contact at all times d) Visiting as many cultures as possible

Exploring one's own cultural beliefs

Which of the following would be the least important reason that nurses utilize research in nursing practice? a) Financial obligation b) Replication c) Validation d) Dissemination

Financial obligation

The definition of nursing has evolved over time since Florence Nightingale first attempted, in 1859, to explain nursing's scope of practice. In 2003, the American Nurses' Association, in its Social Policy Statement, included which of the following activities as a significant role of nursing? a) Modifying a medical plan of care to include nursing activities b) Diagnosing acute illnesses in children c) Diagnosing chronic illness in the elderly d) Identifying human responses to illness

Identifying human responses to illness

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is the lowest-level need? a) Safety and security b) Sense of belonging and affection c) Physiological needs d) Esteem and self-respect

Physiological needs

A nurse is interested in obtaining additional education to become a nurse practitioner and is reviewing various course programs. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find? a) Practice most often in acute care settings b) Primarily acting as a educator for clients and families c) Provision of a broad range of direct care to clients d) Specialty in a circumscribed area of care

Provision of a broad range of direct care to clients

An advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) specializing in adult-gerontology has accepted a new position in a different state. Which governing body does the APRN need to consult to verify prescriptive authority in the new state? a) The new states APRN Advisory Committee b) The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) c) The new states boards of nursing d) The new employers' board of directors

The new states boards of nursing

A nursing student is preparing for a class presentation addressing the collaborative practice model. Which of the following would the student expect to include? a) Participation in decision making that is shared by all involved b) Accountability that is primarily attributed to the patient c) Nurses and physicians playing major roles in clinical decsions d) A discussion of a centralized organizational structure

a) Participation in decision making that is shared by all involved

What statement by the LPN shows an understanding of the ultimate goal of Healthy People 2020? a) "The ultimate goal is that they will find a cure for diabetes." b) "The ultimate goal is that they provide an overall action plan to improve health and quality of life." c) "The ultimate goal is that everyone be within a normal weight." d) "The ultimate goal is that everyone will exercise once daily."

b) "The ultimate goal is that they provide an overall action plan to improve health and quality of life."

Which of the following best describes the health-illness continuum? a) A person with high-level wellness is free of any disease or infirmity. b) A person on the continuum remains at the point based on his or her initial state of health. c) A person may be considered neither completely healthy or completely ill. d) A person with chronic illness is at the far end of the continuum reflecting illness.

c) A person may be considered neither completely healthy or completely ill.

Which of the following disorders, which is linked to obesity, is on the rise in the United States? a) Congestive heart failure b) Asthma c) Diabetes d) Prostate cancer

c) Diabetes

A nurse working in a community-based health center is engaged in teaching a client about her medications. The nurse is acting as which of the following? a) Delegator b) Leader c) Practitioner d) Researcher

c) Practitioner

Which of the following best reflects the rationale for evidence-based practice? a) A method for determining reimbursement b) A process for accreditation c) A way to establish accountability d) A means to ensure quality care

d) A means to ensure quality care

Which of the following statements accurately describes the clinical nurse leader (CNL)? Select all that apply. a) Educated at the master's level in nursing b) Oversees fragmented care delivery c) Manages care at the point of care d) Delegates task to other health care personnel e) Provides nursing care in community health settings f) Works in the acute care setting

• Educated at the master's level in nursing • Works in the acute care setting • Provides nursing care in community health settings • Manages care at the point of care • Delegates task to other health care personnel

After teaching nursing students about the health-illness continuum, the instructor determines that teaching was successful when the students state which of the following? a) "A patient with a disease typically falls on the far end of the continuum." b) "A person can be both healthy and ill at the same time." c) "A patient's care must be focused on treating the disease." d) "A patient with a chronic illness is considered ill."

"A person can be both healthy and ill at the same time."

A patient who adheres to the dietary laws of Judaism is in traction and confined to bed. The patient needs assistance with the evening meal of chicken, rice, beans, a roll, and a carton of milk. Which nursing approach is most representative of promoting wellness? a) Ask a family member to assist the patient with the tray and the overbed table, then straighten the area in an attempt to provide a pleasant atmosphere for eating. b) Ask whether the patient would like to make any substitutions in the foods and fluids received. c) Push the overbed table toward the bed so that it will be within the patient's reach when the dinner tray arrives. d) Remove items from the overbed table to make room for the dinner tray.

Ask whether the patient would like to make any substitutions in the foods and fluids received.

Which of the following would least likely impact health care delivery and nursing? a) Decline in genetic focus b) Cultural diversity c) Growth in the population d) Increased consumer knowledge

Decline in genetic focus

To address the needs of a chronically ill patient and promote the concept of wellness, a nursing care plan should outline steps to: a) Restrict most activities to protect the patient from additional deterioration. b) Encourage positive health characteristics within the limits of the disease. c) Inform the patient about all the possible complications of the disease process. d) Encourage activity, beyond the scope of tolerance, to prevent progressive deterioration.

Encourage positive health characteristics within the limits of the disease.

The LPN is collecting data at the clinic from a new client who is being seen for an employee physical. The client informs the nurse that both parents have a history of high blood pressure and his father had a stroke at age 52 years. The nurse discusses diet and exercise programs that may benefit the client. What is the nurse displaying with this information? a) Early detection b) Health maintenance c) Health promotion d) Illness prevention

Illness prevention

A 75-year-old woman had surgery for her hip fracture yesterday. She is under stress due to pain, sleep deprivation, and hospital surroundings. The nurse caring for her implements a proactive approach to pain management. Plans include frequent communication to establish an acceptable pain rating, conducting hourly pain assessments, and hourly evaluation of the patient's pain control. In addition to improved patient outcomes, how else might the hospital benefit from the nurse's actions? a) Improved Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey scores b) Continued accreditation from The Joint Commission c) Improved Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) survey scores d) Additional funding from the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)

Improved Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey scores

A group of students are reviewing various evidence-based practice (EBP) tools used for planning client care. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which of the following as the most detailed type? a) Multidisciplinary action plan b) Clinical guidelines c) Algorithms d) Care map

Multidisciplinary action plan

The hospital is having a problem with healthcare-associated infections. A committee has been established to study the problem and make recommendations. The nurse working on the committee knows that this work addresses what? a) Patient safety indicators b) Inpatient quality indicators c) Prevention quality indicators d) National Patient Safety Goals

National Patient Safety Goals

A group of nursing students are reviewing the various types of advanced practice nurses. The students demonstrate the need for additional review when they identify which of the following as an advanced practice nurse? a) Nurse practitioner b) Clinical nurse specialist c) Nurse manager d) Certified nurse midwife

Nurse manager

A nurse, working in a health clinic, treats a variety of conditions on a daily basis. One disorder that is rapidly increasing and is the leading cause of secondary morbidity is: a) Pneumonia b) Kidney disease c) Coronary heart disease d) Obesity

Obesity

An occupational nurse is working with patients at a construction site. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, what dimension of care should the nurse make the highest priority in working with these clients? a) Spiritual b) Esteem c) Physiologic d) Safety

Physiologic

Question: The statements below reflect interventions to address a person's needs. Arrange each need based on Maslow's hierarchy from most basic to highest level. 1 Referring a patient to a cancer support group 2 Providing nasogastric tube feedings 3 Encouraging a patient to start a hobby that he or she has always wanted to try 4 Explaining a new procedure

Providing nasogastric tube feedings Explaining a new procedure Referring a patient to a cancer support group Encouraging a patient to start a hobby that he or she has always wanted to try

Nursing students are reviewing the roles that a nurse may assume. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as characteristic of the research role? a) Assuming responsibility for unlicensed assistive personnel b) Replicating findings to further the science of nursing c) Promoting health through screening and early detection d) Achieving patient outcomes through direct intervention

Replicating findings to further the science of nursing

A nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing fear, anxiety, and feelings of powerlessness after receiving a diagnosis of cancer. The nurse develops a teaching plan focusing on the patient's diagnosis and treatment options to promote the patient's sense of control over the situation. Using Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs, which of the following categories is the nurse attempting to meet? a) Esteem and self-respect b) Belongingness and affection c) Safety and security d) Physiology

Safety and security

According to Maslow's hierarchy of human needs, which of the following is the highest level of need(s)? a) Belongingness b) Self-Actualization c) Physiological needs d) Safety and Security

Self-Actualization

Which of the following would be considered an expanded nursing role? a) Nurse practitioner (NP) b) Certified nurse's aide (CNA) c) Social worker d) Respiratory therapist

a) Nurse practitioner (NP)

A group of students are reviewing information on the roles of a nurse. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which activity as associated with the nurse's role as a leader? a) Development of a plan of care for a client b) Client education about a disease condition c) Supervision of unlicensed assistive personnel d) Identification of a problem related to patient care

Supervision of unlicensed assistive personnel

A patient has been admitted in the emergency care unit with conditions of respiratory distress, coupled with pneumonia. The patient's condition worsens and he is placed on mechanical ventilation. While visiting this patient in the hospital, his family observes the members of the healthcare team washing their hands when entering and leaving the room. By implementing recommended hand hygiene measures which of the following organizations is the healthcare team supporting? a) Institute of Medicine (IOM) b) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) c) The Joint Commission d) The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)

The Joint Commission

A 54-year-old woman on a fixed income has had an electrocardiogram (ECG) as part of her annual physical examination. Her physician notes an abnormal Q wave on an otherwise unremarkable ECG. What legislation supports this focus on disease prevention, health promotion, and management of chronic conditions? a) A New Health System for the 21st Century Bill b) Building a Safer Health System Act c) The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act d) Healthcare Research and Quality Improvement Bill

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

A client comes to the clinic with the complaint that he has been ill for several weeks but do not have insurance and have delayed care. What does the LPN understand about the overall healthcare reform goals that will address issues such as this client? a) The goal of healthcare reform is to provide affordable healthcare to more citizens. b) The goal of healthcare reform is to provide quality healthcare for those that can afford it. c) The goal of healthcare reform is to provide more healthcare programs to address illness. d) The goal of healthcare reform is to provide care to women, infants, and children.

The goal of healthcare reform is to provide affordable healthcare to more citizens.

Changes in population demographics over the next 40 years will significantly affect the delivery of health care services. Select the one change that will have the most impact on the practice of nursing. a) Hispanics will become the largest minority group in the United States, constituting about 29% of the population. b) The non-Hispanic, white population will reach 47%. c) Immigration patterns will result in a more diverse population. It is projected that, by 2030, more than 20% of Americans will be immigrants. d) The number of adults over age 65 will double in size.

The number of adults over age 65 will double in size.

A student nurse observes a nurse case manager coordinating discharge for a patient diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF). Which of the following statements made by the patient indicates to the student that the patient understands the role of case manager? a) "The nurse case manager contacted my insurance company and has arranged for the home health nurse and physical therapist to visit me as soon as I get home." b) "The nurse case manager worked with my physician to coordinate my admission from his office to the hospital." c) "The nurse case manager arranged to have a wheelchair waiting to take me to my room. I was so short of breath I could not walk very far." d) "The nurse case manager organized my daily nursing care during my hospitalization and arranged for the dietitian to teach me the importance of following a diet low in sodium."

a) "The nurse case manager contacted my insurance company and has arranged for the home health nurse and physical therapist to visit me as soon as I get home."

The LPN informs the secretary that a client is expected to come in for lab work. The secretary inquires about why the nurse refers to the individual as a client. What is the best response by the nurse? a) "Using the term client implies that they are an active partner in nursing care." b) "We should refer to everyone as a client. They pay for our service." c) "Using the term client is more respectful that using the term patient." d) "That's how the physician wants us to refer to them."

a) "Using the term client implies that they are an active partner in nursing care."

A nurse is using an evidence-based practice tool to plan care for a patient with acute abdominal pain who is admitted to the health care facility. Which tool would the nurse most likely expect to use? a) Algorithm b) Clinical guideline c) Care map d) Multidisciplinary action plan

a) Algorithm

Which of the following would be included as a goal of case management? a) Appropriateness of services b) Attainment of fixed price reimbursement c) Prescriptive authority d) Utilization of the nursing process

a) Appropriateness of services

A nurse asks a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient to breathe in slowly through the nose, taking in a normal breath. Then, she asks the patient to pucker his lips as if preparing to whistle. Finally, she asks him to exhale slowly and gently through the puckered lips. The nurse recognizes that teaching the patient pursed-lip breathing helps the patient relax and gain control of dyspnea, reducing the feelings of panic they experience. Which of the ANA tenets characteristic of all nursing practice is the nurse demonstrating? Select all that apply. a) Caring b) Interdisciplinary collaboration c) Individualized nursing practice d) Evidence-based nursing e) Establishment of a professional work environment f) Using the nursing process

a) Caring c) Individualized nursing practice f) Using the nursing process

Nursing students are reviewing information about expanded nursing roles. They demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as roles of an advanced practice nurse? Select all that apply. a) Certified nurse-midwife b) Certified critical care nurse c) Nurse practitioner d) Certified medical-surgical nurse e) Clinical nurse specialist f) Certified registered nurse anesthetist

a) Certified nurse-midwife c) Nurse practitioner e) Clinical nurse specialist f) Certified registered nurse anesthetist

Which of the following would least likely impact health care delivery and nursing? a) Decline in genetic focus b) Growth in the population c) Cultural diversity d) Increased consumer knowledge

a) Decline in genetic focus

Which of the following would be the least important reason that nurses utilize research in nursing practice? a) Financial obligation b) Replication c) Dissemination d) Validation

a) Financial obligation

The National Center for Health Statistics maintains data from healthcare agencies and issues reports on a quarterly and annually basis on performance related to goals for improving the health of the U.S. population. Which initiative is targeted with improving the health of all Americans? a) Healthy People 2020 b) Quality Indicators c) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality d) The Joint Commission

a) Healthy People 2020

A nurse is working as a member of a quality assurance program. Which of the following would be the focus? a) Individual incidents b) Operational processes c) Financial processes d) Clinical processes

a) Individual incidents

The nurse educator is planning a teaching session for nursing students related to treatment and management of gestational diabetes. The nurse educator arranges for a dietitian, pharmacist, and physician assistant to participate in the lesson plan. Which professional nurse competency is the nurse educator demonstrating? a) Interdisciplinary teamwork b) Quality improvement measures c) Patient-centered care d) Evidence-based practice

a) Interdisciplinary teamwork

The LPN is assisting with the development of a program to administer flu shots to a group of senior citizens. What type of prevention does this program reflect? a) Primary prevention b) Secondary prevention c) Tertiary prevention d) Prevalence

a) Primary prevention

The LPN working in the clinic has had several incidence of positive chlamydia cultures return in women with pelvic pain. The nurse understands that early diagnosis and treatment are essential measures in which to reduce contagion and limit the complications related to this infection. What type of prevention will the nurse use when these infections are treated? a) Secondary prevention b) Tertiary prevention c) Primary prevention d) Prevalence

a) Secondary prevention

The nurse is working at an institution that uses a collaborative practice model. Which of the following would most likely be reflected at this institution? a) Shared accountability for care b) Physician as the primary decision-maker c) Isolated participation from the patient d) Centralized organizational structure

a) Shared accountability for care

The reason that case management has gained such prominence in health care can be traced to the a) decreased cost of care associated with inpatient stay. b) increased length of hospital stay. c) ability to discharge from specialty care units to home. d) limited availability for inter-unit hospital transfers.

a) decreased cost of care associated with inpatient stay.

Students are comparing and contrasting the roles and functions of nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists. The students demonstrate understanding of these roles when they identify which of the following as associated with nurse practitioners? Select all that apply. a) Counseling of patients and families b) Collaboration with other disciplines c) Consultation with nursing staff d) Direct care provision e) Prescribing of medications

b) Collaboration with other disciplines d) Direct care provision e) Prescribing of medications

As part of a clinical post-conference discussion, an instructor is showing the students examples of clinical pathways used in the facility. When explaining these examples, the instructor identifies which of the following as being commonly used as a basis for developing these tools? Select all that apply. a) Nursing diagnosis b) Common health problems c) Diagnosis related groups d) Medications e) Treatments f) Diagnostic tests

b) Common health problems c) Diagnosis related groups

Which of the following best reflects the current trends associated with the elderly population? a) The percentage of older adults in the population will gradually decrease in the future. b) Conditions affecting elderly women are a major concern due to undertreatment and underdiagnosis. c) The 65- to 74-year-old age group is the fastest growing segment of the population. d) There are more men than there are women in the older population.

b) Conditions affecting elderly women are a major concern due to undertreatment and underdiagnosis.

The primary task of nursing research includes which of the following? a) Decreasing overall operating costs to the health care system b) Contributing to the scientific base of nursing practice c) Managing the care of an entire caseload of patients d) Determining nursing diagnoses

b) Contributing to the scientific base of nursing practice

A nurse working in an acute care setting volunteers to participate in a research study. The nurse understands that research findings add to the scientific base of nursing practice. Evidence-based practice (EBP) accomplishes which of the following? Select all that apply. a) Delineate the health-illness continuum b) Establish best nursing practices c) Validate nursing diagnosis d) Decrease health care cost e) Provides answers to ethical questions f) Improve patient outcomes

b) Establish best nursing practices d) Decrease health care cost f) Improve patient outcomes

The Healthy People 2020 initiative targets the improvement of health for all. In addition to eliminating health disparities, what are the broad goals of this plan? a) Preventing treatable problems b) Increasing the quality and length of a healthy life c) Increasing technological innovations d) Applying a systematic approach to health improvement

b) Increasing the quality and length of a healthy life

Students are reviewing information about community health nursing. The students demonstrate understanding of the term "community-oriented nursing practice" by describing it as which of the following? a) Nursing care directed to specific client groups with identified needs, usually related to illness b) Nursing interventions that can promote wellness, reduce illness spread, and improve the health status of groups c) Provision of primary care services, often with care being provided to underserved populations d) Nursing care of clients with complex needs who are discharged from acute care institutions early in the recovery process

b) Nursing interventions that can promote wellness, reduce illness spread, and improve the health status of groups

Which of the following is a strategy a nurse would likely discuss with a client as part of health promotion? a) Locating a therapist for a child with emotional problems b) Determining how often blood glucose levels should be monitored at home c) Making positive dietary changes d) Evaluating the merits of various diagnostic procedures

c) Making positive dietary changes

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local community group addressing the influences on health care delivery. Which of the following would the nurse include in presentation when describing disease patterns? a) The prevalence of chronic illness is decreasing due to the emphasis on healthy living. b) Obesity along with conditions associated with it has become a major health concern. c) Most infectious diseases have been controlled or eradicated. d) People with acute illnesses are considered the largest group of health care consumers.

b) Obesity along with conditions associated with it has become a major health concern.

Which of the following is an important role for a nurse in the health care delivery system? a) Participation in treatment decisions regarding health restoration b) Participation in disease prevention and health promotion activities c) Balance of work with leisure activities d) Participation in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease

b) Participation in disease prevention and health promotion activities

A client is experiencing anorexia related to the adverse effects of cancer treatment. Using Maslow's hierarchy, the nurse identifies this need as reflecting which of the following? a) Safety and security b) Physiology c) Esteem and self-respect d) Belongingness and affection

b) Physiology

A nursing instructor is preparing a class on the changes that have occurred in health care over the past years. Which of the following would the instructor most likely include? a) Lowered costs for health care b) Reductions in health care staffing c) Expanding consumer expectations d) Restructuring of health care institutions e) Increasing cultural diversity of the population f) Static nature of diseases

b) Reductions in health care staffing c) Expanding consumer expectations d) Restructuring of health care institutions e) Increasing cultural diversity of the population

A group of students is reviewing the phenomena as the focus of nursing care and research identified by the American Nurses Association. The group demonstrates the need for additional review when they identify which of the following as a phenomenon? a) Self-care processes b) Environmental systems c) Ethical actions d) Lifespan transitions

c) Ethical actions

The LPN is providing a program at the local YMCA about stress-reduction techniques combined with a 1-mile walk around the indoor track once a week. What does this type of program address for the community? a) Illness prevention b) Early detection of illness c) Health promotion d) Health maintenance

c) Health promotion

According to Maslow, which category of needs represents the most basic on the hierarchy? a) Self-actualization b) Belongingness c) Physiologic needs d) Safety and security needs

c) Physiologic needs

Which of the following delineates actions that are legally permitted for a particular profession based on specific educational qualifications a) Job description b) Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) c) Scope of practice d) Code of ethics

c) Scope of practice

A nurse in a primary care physician's office has a 73-year-old female client who is interested in learning things she can do to maintain movement and flexibility while coping with osteoporosis. In what situation would this client still be considered healthy even though she has been diagnosed with a chronic disease? a) Clients with a chronic illness can never be considered healthy. b) Clients with a chronic illness can be considered healthy only if they carefully follow their physician's advice regarding medications, activity, and diet. c) Clients with a chronic illness are considered healthy only until the point at which primary body systems begin to lose function. d) Clients with a chronic illness can still achieve a high quality of life within the limits of the illness if they are physiologically stable and mentally healthy.

d) Clients with a chronic illness can still achieve a high quality of life within the limits of the illness if they are physiologically stable and mentally healthy.

While interviewing a patient, the nurse notices that the patient is wearing a medallion around his neck. The patient tells the nurse, "It's a medal that everyone in my family wears to protect against cancer." The nurse interprets this statement as most likely reflecting which of the following? a) Race b) Religion c) Morality d) Culture

d) Culture

After teaching a group of students about health, wellness and illness, a nursing instructor determines that additional instruction is necessary when the students identify which of the following as a component of wellness? a) Reporting a feeling of well-being b) Adjusting to varying situations c) Performing to the best of one's ability d) Feeling together about one part of life

d) Feeling together about one part of life

A nurse is a member of which entity within the larger healthcare environment? a) Healthcare delivery system b) Physician hospital organization c) Health maintenance organization d) Healthcare team

d) Healthcare team

Which of the following is true regarding population demographics? a) Decrease in life span b) Increase in birth rate c) Decrease in homelessness d) Increase in the culturally diverse population

d) Increase in the culturally diverse population

When applying Maslow's hierarchy of needs to patient care, the nurse determines that the patient has reached the ultimate goal indicating integrated human functioning and health when which level is met? a) Belongingness and affection b) Safety and security c) Esteem and self-respect d) Self-actualization

d) Self-actualization

A local college is having a career-day seminar for student nurses. Booths from various agencies and facilities have been set up. One of the students approaches the booth of a home care agency and asks the nurse there about what is required to become a home care nurse. Which of the following would the nurse incorporate into the response? a) Specialization in a specific area of practice b) Need for at least a master's degree in nursing c) Expert case management abilities d) Strong clinical decision-making skills

d) Strong clinical decision-making skills

The nursing student over hears a patient talking with the rehabilitation nurse stating, "I plan to recover to the best of my ability after having a stroke. I know I will always have some limitations; however, I will not let the limitations slow me down." Which description of health is the patient exemplifying in this situation? a) The World Health Organization's definition of health b) Hood and Leddy's definition of health c) The wellness promotion strategy of risk reduction d) The concept of health wellness-illness continuum

d) The concept of health wellness-illness continuum

You are a nurse employed by a community organization engaged in health promotion. In this role, you teach clients steps they can take toward achieving wellness. How would you explain "wellness" to a client? a) Wellness is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. b) Wellness is viewing one's health in terms of a balance of body, mind, and spirit, which means being open to alternative treatment options. c) Wellness is the absence of disease. d) Wellness is an ongoing and intentional effort to achieve the highest potential for total well-being.

d) Wellness is an ongoing and intentional effort to achieve the highest potential for total well-being.

A type of nursing which includes individualized care provided by the same nurse throughout the period of care is defined as a) patient-focused nursing. b) case management. c) primary nursing. d) functional nursing.

primary nursing.