Merrill's Ch. 17 - Liver & Biliary System

How much bile does the liver produce per day?

1-3 pints

What is the capacity of the gallbladder?

2 ounces

What is the term for the radiographic study of the bile ducts?

Cholangiography

What exam is being performed when a scope is passed through the mouth to the duodenum to locate the ampula of vater to then inject contrast into the common bile duct?

ERCP

What does ERCP stand for?

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

What are functions of the pancrease that classify it as an endocrine gland?

Islets of Langerhans secrete glucagona nd insulin internally

What were the name of the pills that used to be used for gallbladder studies that the patient would take the night before their exam?

Oragrafin

What does PTC stand for?

Percuatenous Transhepatic Cholangiography

What is the most commonly used angiographic catheterization technique?

Seldinger

What is the portal system?

When blood from the abdominal digestive system circulates through the liver by way of portal system

What is the hilum of the liver?

Where the main vessels inter the liver

Where does the apex of the liver sit?

anteriorly and to the left

What contrast is used for a fistula involving colon?

barium via enema

What are the two minor lobes on the medial side of the right lobe?

caudate (posterior) and quadrate (inferior)

Where does the gallbladder lie in a sthenic patient?

centered on right upper abdomen

What is the root word meaning: bile ducts?

choangio-

What is the root word meaning: relationship with bile?

chole-

What is the root word meaning: gallbladder?

cholecyst-

What is the term for the radiographic exam of the gallbladder?

cholecystography

What is the muscular contraction of the gallbladder controlled by?

cholecystokinin

What is the root word meaning: common bile duct?

choledocho-

What is the general term for radiographic study of the biliary system?

cholegraphy

The common bile duct is formed by:

common hepatic duct and cystic duct

Is the visceral surface of the liver convex or concave?

concave

Is the diaphargmatic surface of the liver convex or concave?

convex

What is the root word meaning: bag or sac?

cysto-

What divides the liver into right and left lobes?

falciform ligament

What broad portion of the pancreas is enclosed within the C-loop of the duodenum at L2-L3?

head

What is injected through the catheter during a PTC to help prevent blood clot formation?

heparinized saline

The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct enter:

hepatopancreatic ampula (ampula of vater)

Where does the gallbladder lie in a hypersthenic patient?

high and away from midline (more parallel)

Why is sonography of the uppper abdomen often done before contrast injection?

if psudocysts are present, contrast could rupture or inflame them

Where does the gallbladder lie in the body?

in the fossa on visceral (inferior) surface of the liver

Where does the spleen lie in the body?

in the left upper quadrant, below diaphragm, behind stomach

What contrast is used for fistula involving the bladder?

iodinated contrast

Where does the gallbladder lie in an asthenic patient?

low and near midline

The spleen is part of what body system?

lymphatic

What is the most sensitive cell in the human body to radiation?

lymphocyte

What are functions of the pancreas that classify it as an exocrine gland?

pancreatic juice is secreted externally into the duodenum via a duct

What contrast is used for fistula involving small bowel?

patient drinks thin barium

What is the hilum of the liver also known as?

porta hepatis

What are the 6 functions of the liver?

produce bile, produce bilirubin, secrete blood-clotting factors, secrete albumin, metabolize proteins and fats into glucose, metabolize toxins

What are functions of the spleen?

produces lymphocytes, stores and removes RBC's

What three things is T-Tube Cholangiography used to look for?

residual or undetected stones in biliary tract, check status of ampula of vater, check potency of ducts

The liver fills almost all of what two regions of the abdomen?

right hypocondrium and epigastrum

What is the modality of choice for the gallbladder and ductal system?

sonography

What is the hepatopancreatic ampula (ampula of vater) controlled by?

sphincter of oddi

What are the two functions of the gallbladder?

stores and evacuates bile

Where do the hepatic veins carry blood to?

the inferior vena cava

What is the largest lymph organ in the body?

the spleen

Where does the base of the liver sit?

to the right