MGMT 311 Cumulative Final

ABC Manufacturing is organized by departments and expertise areas such as R&D, production, accounting, marketing, and human resources. Which of the following best describes ABC's organizational structure?

Functional Structure

_____ refers to small refinements in current organizational practices or routines that do not challenge, but rather build on or improve, existing aspects and practices within the organization.

Incremental change

______ change focuses on how to help employees to improve some active aspect of their performance or the knowledge they need to continue to contribute to the organization in an effective manner.

Individual-Level

_____ is the ability to compete effectively in global markets.

Industrial competitiveness

_____ is emergent, meaning that it is formed through the common conversations and relationships that often naturally occur as people interact with one another in their day-to-day relationships

Informal organization

______ involves "task-oriented" leader behaviors; instrumental in the efficient use of resources to attain organizational goals, thereby addressing the group's task needs.

Initiating structure

Three phases of design thinking

Inspiration, Ideation, Implementation

_____ are our natural, fundamental needs that are basic to survival.

Instincts

______ conflict can be seen in disputes between two companies.

Inter-organizational

The _______ Locus of Control attributes success/failure to one's own attributes and efforts.

Internal

______ is when managers use their technical expertise to solve internal problems.

Internal consulting

_____ is the final dimension of change and refers to the degree to which the change is intentionally designed or purposefully implemented.

Intetionality

_____ are entrepreneurs who apply their creativity, vision, and risk taking within a large corporation rather than starting a company of their own. They enjoy a high degree of autonomy while receiving a regular salary and financial backing from their employer.

Intrapreneurs

______ represent rewards that are related directly to performing a job.

Intrinsic rewards

______ is an information society, using knowledge to generate tangible and intangible values.

Knowledge Economy

_____ is a high degree of understanding of the company, industry, and technical matters.

Knowledge of the business

_____ is frequently defined as a social (interpersonal) influence relationship between two or more persons who depend on each other to attain certain mutual goals in a group situation.

Leadership

______ is an intense desire to lead others.

Leadership motivation

______ power is the power a person has because other believe that he/she possesses the "right" to influence them and they ought to obey.

Legitimate

______ is concerned with organization-wide issues (AKA "Organization Theory")

Macro-organizational behavior

_____ refers to when leaders in an organization can intentionally shape how these shifts occur over time.

Managed change

_______ is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the activities of employees in combination with other resources to accomplish organizational objectives.

Management

______ is the technique of making decisions by management without team involvment.

Managerial intervention

_____ Culture emphasizes delivering value, competing, delivering shareholder value, goal achievement, driving and delivering results, speedy decisions, hard driving through barriers, directive, commanding, and getting things done

Market

____ structure has lines for formal authority along two dimensions: employees report to a functional, departmental boss and simultaneously to a product or project team boss.

Matrix

____ organizational structures are characterized by top-down (vertical) hierarchies of control that are rule based.

Mechanistic

_____ organizational structures are best suited for environments that range from stable and simple to low-moderate uncertainty.

Mechanistic

________ is concerned with the behavior of individuals and groups.

Micro-organizational behavior

When Suzanne Pogell wanted to learn to sail, but she could find no one to teach her because men were the ones who sailed, and women were their crew. She finally convinced someone to teach her to sail, and after mastering sailing, she started an all-woman sailing school called Womanship. Pogell started small and plans to stay small. She would be correctly called a(n):

Micropreneur

_____ is a technique where a team member extracts buried disagreements within the group and sheds light on them.

Mining

The four components of ethical decision making

Moral sensitivity, moral judgement, moral motivation/intention, moral character/action

____ are distorted, half-truths that inhibit organizational effectiveness.

Myths

_____ of leadership prevent leaders from acting as they wish.

Neutralizers

_____ describes social theory that focuses on developing a sociological view of institutions--the way they interact and the way they affect society.

New Institutionalism

_____ operate a business for over three months but less than three years.

New business owners

______ are decisions that are novel, unstructured, and generally based on criteria that are not well-defined.

Non-programmed decisions

______ is the stage of development where the team establishes and maintains ground rules and boundaries, and there is willingness to share responsibility and control.

Norming

_____ organizational structures are flatter (horizontal), with participatory communication and decision-making flowing in different directions.

Organic

_____ organizational structures work best in unstable, complex, changing environments.

Organic

_____ change is a change that affects an entire organizational system or several of its units.

Organization-Level

_________ is concerned with organization-wide issues, such as organizational design and the relations between an organization & its environment

Organizational Theory/Macro-organizational Behavior

______ is the study of people in organizations.

Organizational behavior

_____ refers to the constant shifts that occur within an organizational system.

Organizational change

_____ is the process of setting up organizational structures to address the needs of an organization and account for the complexity involved in accomplishing business objectives.

Organizational design

_____ represents the label for a field that specializes in change management

Organizational development

______ is the label for a field that specializes in change management.

Organizational development (OD)

_____ is a system for accomplishing and connecting the activities that occur within a work organization

Organizational structure

____ is a measure of distance of the average number of links separating any two nodes in the network.

Path lengths

______ (E2) is the perceived relationship between performance and outcomes (AKA instrumentalities)

Performance-outcome expectancy

_____ is the stage of development where the team is completely self-directed and requires little management direction.

Performing

____ are a barrier to decision making because we tend to be more comfortable with ideas, concepts, things, and people that are familiar/similar to us.

Personal biases

____ is an intentional activity or set of intentional activities that are designed to create movement toward a specific goal or end.

Planned change

_____ behavior is an activity that is initiated for the purpose of overcoming opposition or resistance.

Political

_____ believe that they have the capacity and knowledge to start a venture and don't fear failure.

Potential entrepreneurs

______ is conflict about the best way to do something.

Process conflict

_____ are decisions that are routine.

Programmed decisions

______ is a conflict-resolution technique where one interrupts group conflict to remind them that what they are doing is necessary.

Real-time permission

______ power is the power a person has because others want to associate with or be accepted by him/her.

Referent

______ is conflict between individuals that is more personal and involves attacks on a person rather than an idea.

Relationship conflict

_____ power is an extension of expert power; the power that a person has because others believe that he/she possesses and is willing to share resources.

Resource

_____ is the study of how the external resources of organizations affect organizational behavior.

Resource dependency theory (RDT)

______ describes the discouragement of differing opinions being brought to light, often in situations of groupthink.

Suppression of dissent

What is the top ranking country on the Global Competitiveness Index?

Switzerland

_____ shows that implementation of new technologies is often forced upon an organization as the environment shifts.

Technological change

________ is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.

Technology

______ is a barrier in decision making when there is little time to collect information and rationally process it to make a good nonprogrammed decision.

Time constraint

_____ leaders subscribe to the notion of "if it ain't broke, don't fix it".

Transactional

_____ leaders move and change (fix) things in "a big way"; inspire others to action through personal values, vision, passion, and belief in and commitment to the mission.

Transformational

_____ refers to significant shifts in an organizational system that may cause significant disruption to some underlying aspect of the organization, its processes, or structures.

Transformational change

T/F: Culture affects the workplace because it affects what we do and how we behave

True

T/F: Diverse teams are better at decision-making and problem-solving because they tend to focus on facts.

True

T/F: Employers try to prevent unnecessary perceptions of inequity.

True

T/F: Expectancy Theory is currently the most comprehensive theory of motivation.

True

T/F: Governments generally want to support entrepreneurship because successful businesses create value among the population.

True

T/F: In the goal theory, specific goals are better than vague goals.

True

T/F: Leaders who use referent and expert power commonly experience a favorable response in terms of follower satisfaction and performance.

True

T/F: Managers across industries, according to Deirdre Borden, spend about 45% of their time in verbal interaction

True

T/F: Most work groups contain at least one informal leader.

True

T/F: Needs provide direction in the motivation process

True

T/F: Recent evidence suggests that individuals who are androgynous are as likely to emerge in leadership roles as individuals with only masculine characteristics.

True

T/F: The ERG Theory is potentially more useful than the Hierarchy of Needs because it doesn't create false motivational categories.

True

T/F: The need for achievement is learned.

True

T/F: The presence of a "devil's advocate" reduces groupthink.

True

T/F: Values are intangible

True

T/F: organizations are too complex to be blamed by one singular thing in a situation of failure, blame should be complex too

True

_____ is the concept of not knowing the outcomes of each alternative until one is chosen.

Uncertainty

_____ is unintentional and is usually the result of informal organizing. It may or may not serve the aims of the organization as a whole.

Unplanned change

____ define a unique character that helps people find meaning and feel special about what they do.

Values

_____ is financing obtained from venture capitalists, investment firms that specialize in financing small, high-growth companies and receive an ownership interest and a voice in management in return for their investment.

Venture capital

_____ leaders are those who influence others through an emotional and/or intellectual attraction to the leader's dream of what "can be"; also another way to refer to transformational leaders.

Visionary

________ have dominated the American economy over time.

White Males

______ are destructive and active responses to conflict.

Winning, displaying anger, demeaning others, retaliating

_____ is an activity that produces something of value for other people.

Work

Theory _____ Leader assumes that the average individual dislikes work and is incapable of exercising adequate self-direction and self-control.

X

Theory ____ Leader believes that people have creative capacities, as well as both the ability and desire to exercise self-direction and self-control.

Y

Work does NOT serve this function:

a source of alienation

The key to the goal theory is that people must ______ the goal.

accept

Moral character/action

actually doing what is right

In order to ensure that an item never comes up for consideration in the first place, individuals will sometimes try to control the _____.

agenda

Kotter's Change Model

aligns with mechanistic view of structure and may; eight step model that relies on a centralized, top-down process for creating planned change

A Black Swan Event

an event that is so rare that it isn't planned for/isn't expected

In the Garbage Can Model, solutions are defined as ______.

answers looking for questions

In the AI Model, ______ conversations are intense, positively framed discussions that help people to develop common ground as they work together to co-create a positive vision of an ideal future for their organization.

appreciative

Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) approach

assumes that an organization is constantly developing and adapting to its environment, much like a living organism

The difference between the small business owner and the entrepreneur is that the entrepreneur _____.

assumes the risk of the business

What are the assumptions of Rational Decision Making?

assumes: problem is clear, options are known, preferences are clear and constant, money and time are not issues, and the choice made is the best choice

False cause

assuming that because two things are related, one caused the other

The ______ leader power style is boss-centered and the manager uses authority.

autocratic

Destructive and passive responses to conflict involve actions such as:

avoiding, yielding, and self-criticizing

The three simplistic routes of blame as described in class are:

blaming bureaucracy/the system, blaming other people, blaming the thirst for power

A ______ describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value.

business model

Max Weber describes _____ leaders as people who possess _____ power that arises from "exceptional sanctity, heroism, or exemplary character."

charismatic; legitimate

Networking team structure has two salient characteristics: ____ and ____.

clustering; path lengths

In the Garbage Can Model, participants ______.

come and go fluidly

The elements that make teams function are:

common commitment & purpose, commitment to how work gets done, mutual accountability, specific performance goals

The six elements of the Total Rewards Strategy

compensation, benefits, work-life effectiveness, recognition, performance management, talent development

In the Garbage Can Model, problems are defined as ______.

concerns that require attention

In the _____ mindset, leaders assume that most people are inclined to resist change and therefore they need to be managed in a way that encourages them to accept change.

conventional

Moral motivation/intention

deciding to do the right thing

Sociocultural forces

demographic trends, lifestyle changes, availability skills, attitudes toward work, gender issues, willingness to move, ethics

The Garbage Can Model of Decision Making

describes the chaotic reality of decision making in organized anarchy; contrasts with traditional decision theory

In Amy Edmonson's interview with the Harvard Business Review, she states that the three underutilized activities for learning from failure are:

detecting failure, analyzing failure, and producing intelligent failure

Moral judgement

determining with actions are right vs wrong

A _____ autocrat retains power, makes unilateral decisions, and closely supervises workers' activities.

directive

A _____ democrat encourages participative decision-making but retains power to direct team members in the execution of their roles.

directive

Work DOES serve these functions:

economic, identity & self-esteem, social status in the community, social functions

Employee's trust in a manager is most influenced by the manager's _________.

emotional intelligence

The _____ leader power style is where members are assigned work and decide on their own how to do it; the leader relinquishes the active assumption of the role of leadership.

free-rein

In SDT, _____ refers to performing an activity for the inherent satisfaction of the activity itself.

intrinsic motivation

Reward systems influence ______ in organizations.

job satisfaction, employee commitment, job effort/performance, occupational/organizational choice

In the expectancy theory, low effort-performance expectancy is typically the result of

lack of sufficient resources and/or organization's failure to measure performance accurately

A _____ is a need that may not be inferred from a person's behavior at one time, yet they may still possess that need.

latent need

Follower behavior is determines _______.

leader behavior

_________ planning involves strategic planning and development activities.

long-range

A ______ is whatever need is motivating us at a given time and dominates all other needs.

manifest need

In the Motivator-Hygiene Theory, ______ relate to the jobs we perform (job content) and our ability to feel a sense of achievement as a result of performing them.

motivators

A ____ is a human condition that becomes energized when people feel deficient in some respect.

need

McClelland studied these needs:

need for achievement, need for affiliation, and need for power

Alderfer's ERG Theory

notes that growth is intrinsically satisfying, regardless of what direction the growth is occurring.

Gerald Salancik & Jeffery Pfeffer:

observe that power to influence others flow to those individuals who possess the critical and scarce resources that a group needs to overcome a major problem.

In the equity theory, if our ratio is greater than the "other's" ratio, that is called ________.

over-reward inequity

An entrepreneur is a person who _______ a business.

owns and operates

According to Linda A. Hill, managing a team requires managing ______.

paradox

The ______ leader power style is where workers are consulted and involved.

participative

Management is "the art of getting things done through ________."

people

A _____ autocrat mixes his/her use of power by retaining decision-making power but permitting organizational members to exercise discretion when executing those decisions.

permissive

A ______ democrat shares power with group members, soliciting involvement in both decision-making and execution.

permissive

Leadership in high-involvement organizations (such as Ralph Stayer, CEO of Johnsonville Foods) has many characteristics of the _______ approach.

permissive democrat

Active and constructive responses to conflict involve actions such as:

perspective taking, creating solutions, expressing emotions, and reaching out

Ralph Stogdill

pioneer of the modern day studies of leadership trait research.

Motivator-Hygiene Theory

poses that there are two sets of needs--one to motivate use to perform well and the other to avoid dissatisfaction.

In the _____ mindset, leaders assume that people are inclined to embrace change when they are respected as individuals with intrinsic worth, agency, and capability.

positive of appreciative

McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y

posits two different sets of attitudes about the individual as a organizational member.

An essential ingredient for effective leadership is the exercise of ______.

power

Good leaders, formal or informal, develop many sources of ______.

power

Taxation reduces ______ from an enterprise

profit

Lewin's Change Model

proposed the sequence of "Unfreeze, Move, Refreeze"

In decision making, the _____ system is quick, impulsive, and intuitive, relying on emotions or habits.

reactive

Programmed decisions are processed via the _____ system.

reactive

Moral sensitivity

recognizing that the issue has a moral component

Ad hominem

redirecting from the argument itself to attack the person making the argument

Appealing to emotion

redirecting the argument from logic to emotion

In decision making, the _____ system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical.

reflective

Non-programmed decisions are processed via the _____ system.

reflective

_____ are constructive and passive responses to conflict.

reflective thinking, delay responding, adapting

A transition to the fourth phase of the organizational life cycle, _____, occurs when an organization expands to the point that its operations are far-flung and need to operate somewhat autonomously.

renewal or decline

Initiation into an organization is a form of ____.

ritual

'Work to _______' defines employees diligently following every work rule and policy statement to the letter typically results in the organization's grinding to a halt as a result of the many and often conflicting rules and policy statements.

rule

The four components of ERG Theory

satisfaction progression, frustration, frustration regression, aspriation

Self-Determination Theory (SDT)

seeks to explain not only what causes motivation, but how extrinsic rewards affect intrinsic motivation.

elements of emotional intelligence

self-awareness, self-regulation, social awareness, empathy

The degree to which people are organized into subunits according to their expertise is referred to as _____.

specialization

The Five Elements of Max Weber's Bureaucracy Model

specialization, command-and-control, span of control, centralization, and formalization.

Appreciate Inquiry (AI) Model

specifically designed as an abundance-based, bottom-up, positive approach.

Equity Theory

states that motivation is affected by the outcomes we receive for our inputs compared to the outcomes and inputs of other people

Goal Theory

states that people will perform better if they have difficult, specific, accepted performance goals/objectives.

The Great Man Theory of Leadership

states that some people are born with the necessary attributes to be great leaders.

The Manifest Needs Theory

states that we have primary (physiological) needs and secondary (learned) needs, but only a few are expressed at a given time; assumes that human behavior is driven by the desire to satisfy needs.

Expectancy theory

states that when faced with two or more alternatives, we will select the most attractive one.

House & Evans Path-Goal Theory of Leadership

suggests that an effective leader provides organizational members with a path to a valued goal

Fiedler's Contingency Model (Contingency Theory of Leadership)

suggests that organizations attempting to achieve group effectiveness through leadership must assess the leader according to an underlying trait, assess the situation, and construct a proper match.

The second phase of the organizational life cycle, _____, occurs as an organization begins to scale up and find continuing success.

survival and early success

Phases of AI Model

1) Define 2) Discover 3) Dream 4) Design 5) Destiny

Order of the Evolution of Organization Structure

1) Functional 2) Divisional 3) Geographic 4) Matrix 5) Vertical Team 6) Virtual

What were Amy Edmonson's three main points about how organizations should address failure in the Harvard Business Review interview where she used the Columbia Space Shuttle disaster as an example of organizational failure?

1. Build in failure; 2. Embrace, not shoot, the messenger; 3. Allow for analyzing failure, not burying it

Where does the US rank on the Global Competitiveness Index?

2nd place

_____ is when leaders assume that employees will change if they can be inspired to aim for greater degrees of excellence in their work.

Abundance-based change

______ is the technique of working with or around differences.

Adaptation

_____ Culture emphasizes creating, innovating, visioning the future, managing change, risk-taking, rule breaking, experimentation, entrepreneurship, and uncertainty.

Adhocracy

_______ are individual investors or groups of experienced investors who provide venture financing from their own funds.

Angel investors

The Tannenbaum & Schmidt Continuum notes a spectrum of leader power styles with categories :

Autocratic, Participative, Free-Rein

_____ refers to how to manage the flows of resources and information in an organization.

Centralization

_____ are more likely to take initiative, engaging in non-directed activities that may benefit the organization.

Change agents

____ Culture focuses on relationships, team building, commitment, empowering human development, engagement, mentoring, and coaching

Clan

____ refers to the degree to which a network is made up of tightly knit groups.

Clustering

_____ power is the power a person has because people believe that he/she can punish them by influencing pain or by withholding or taking away something that they value.

Coercive

_____ is conceptually skilled, capable of exercising good judgement, having strong analytical abilities, possessing the capacity to think strategically and multidimensionally.

Cognitive ability

______ is the ability to view situations from more than one cultural framework.

Cognitive complexity

______ refers to the way in which people report to one another or connect to coordinate their efforts in accomplishing the work of the organization.

Command-and-Control

______ describes how contact must be maintained and nurtured with representatives from various constituencies outside the company.

Community relations

_____ is a process commonly used by designers to find the solution to complex issues, navigate new or uncertain environments, and create a new product for the world.

Design thinking

_____ leaders are individuals who are formally groomed to take on a leadership role.

Designated

_____ is when employees receive their rewards as a function of their level of contribution to the organization.

Distributive justice

_____ structure is many functional departments group under a division head.

Divisional

_____ is a high level of effort, including a strong desire for achievement as well as high levels of ambition, energy, tenacity, and initiative.

Drive

______ (E1) is the perceived probability that effort will lead to performance.

Effort-performance expectancy

_____ leaders are individuals who arise from the dynamics and processes that unfold within and among a group of individuals as that endeavor to achieve a collective goal.

Emergent

_______ is the ability to recognize, understand, pay attention, and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others.

Emotional intelligence

In the ______ phase of the organizational life cycle, the organization is usually very small and agile, focusing on new products and markets. The founders typically focus on a variety of responsibilities, and they often share frequent and informal communication with all employees in the new company.

Entrepreneurship

_____ is when managers continually watch for changes in the business environment.

Environmental scanning

_______ is the owner's investment in the company and does not have a specific date for repayment

Equity Capital

______ is the tendency of decision makers to remain committed to a poor decision, even when doing so leads to increasingly negative outcomes.

Escalation of commitment

_____ actively run a business that is over three and a half years old.

Established business owners

_______ refer to our beliefs about what is right vs wrong, good vs evil, virtuous vs corrupt.

Ethics and morals

The three levels of management:

Executives, Middle, and First-Line

The "ERG" of ERG Theory

Existence opportunities, Relatedness opportunities, Growth opportunities

______ power is the power a person has because other believe he/she has and is willing to share expert knowledge that they need.

Expert

The ______ Locus of Control attributes success/failure to the behavior of others.

External

______ are rewards that are external to the work itself.

Extrinsic rewards

T/F: Employees experience (perceive) over-reward inequity rather than under-reward inequity.

False

T/F: Government can support entrepreneurship by increasing negative incentives or by decreasing/eliminating positive incentives.

False

T/F: In the goal theory, intending to achieve easy goals result in better performance than intending to achieve difficult goals.

False

T/F: Innovation boosts in diverse teams is limited to one type of diversity.

False

T/F: Pay secrecy always improves motivation.

False

T/F: Planned change processes often involve small groups of people and step-by-step or phase-by-phase activities that unfold over a short period of time.

False

T/F: Reward and legitimate power product consistent results.

False

T/F: Situations are one-dimensional.

False

T/F: The follower is a passive player in the leadership process.

False

T/F: Theory X and Theory Y thinking is strictly an American phenomenon.

False

T/F: Transformational leadership is negatively related to follower satisfaction, performance, and acts of citizenship.

False

T/F: Structural change often induces technological change.

False: technological change often induces structural changes.

_____ is when a business is owned and managed by multiple family members, usually for more than one generation.

Family Entrepreneurship

_____ describes an officially defined set of relationships, responsibilities, and connections that exist across an organization

Formal organization

______ refers to the degree of definition in the roles that exist throughout an organization.

Formalization

_____ is the stage of development where the team is mainly focused on similarities and the group looks to the leader for structure and development.

Forming

Tuckman's Stages of Group Development

Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning

_____ structure is organized by departments and expertise areas; referred to as pyramid structures; governed as a hierarchical. top-down control system

Functional

______ is borrowed money that must be repaid at some agreed-upon future date

Debt Capital

______ is the process of thinking through possible options and selecting one.

Decision-making

_______ is an entrepreneurial strategy attempting to found and build a company from personal finances or from the operating revenues of the new company.

Bootstrapping

______ define the degree of discretion that is available to employees for self-directed action.

Boundary conditions

_______ says that the decision making process is limited with incomplete information as well as our capacity to process all the information.

Bounded rationality

______ is the process of gathering as many solutions or options as possible.

Brainstorming

The ______ covers the four main areas of any venture: customers, offering, infrastructure, and financial viability.

Business Model Canvas

_______ skills represent a manager's ability to organize and analyze information.

Conceptual

______ is the "relationship-oriented" behavior of a leader; instrumental in creating and maintaining good relationships.

Consideration

_____ refers to the situation that surrounds the leader and the followers.

Context

______ is when managers evaluate and take corrective action concerning the allocation and use of human, financial, and material resources.

Controlling

_____ involves the creation of new products, processes, and ventures within large organizations.

Corporate Entrepreneurship

_____ is the generation of new or original ideas; it requires the use of imagination and the ability to step back from traditional ways of doing things and seeing the world.

Creativity

_____ is the process of raising new venture funds from a large "crowd" audience, typically virtually from the Internet.

Crowdfunding

____ is defined as "the way we do things around here".

Culture

_____ is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one human group from another.

Culture

______ is one of the most difficult kinds of changes to create within an organizational system.

Culture change

______ is when managers are involved in direct contact with customers/potential customers.

Customer relations & marketing

_____ is an inclusive concept that involves all outside factors and influences that impact the operation of a business that an organization must respond or react to in order to maintain its flow of operations.

General environment

____ structure is organized by locations of customers that a company serves; aimed at moving from mechanistic to organic to serve customers faster and with relevant products and services.

Geographic

_______ strategists understand world markets and think internationally.

Global

______ is the degree to which we dedicate ourselves to achieving a goal.

Goal commitment

_____ change centers on the relationships between people and usually focuses on helping people to work more effectively together.

Group-Level

In 2000, Eric Baker and Jeff Fluhr came up with a concept that would do away with scalping if they had their wish, and everyone used StubHub.com. The Internet company brings people who want tickets and people who have tickets that they are not using together. The company has assisted in the sale of tens of millions dollars worth of tickets annually and is always trying to sell more. It charges a small fee for its assistance. Baker and Fluhr would be classified as:

Growth-oriented entrepreneur

Characteristics of intrapreneurs

Have a high degree of autonomy in spite of the fact that they work for a large corporation; receive regular salaries and employee benefits; run mini-companies within larger corporations; creativity, vision, risk taking

_____ is one of the first motivation theories, assuming that people are motivated to satisfy mainly their own needs (seek pleasure, avoid pain).

Hedonism

______ are mental shortcuts to help reach a decision, often used when faced with programmed decisions.

Heuristics

______ is the focus of programmed decisions.

Heuristics

_____ involves ventures in the information, communication, and technology space, which typically have high expectations for revenue growth.

Hi-Technology Entrepreneurship

_____ Culture emphasizes efficiency, process and cost control, organizational improvement, technical expertise, precision, problem solving, elimination of errors, logical, cautious and conservative, management and operational analysis, and careful decision-making

Hierarchy

_____ is a commitment to the truth, where word and deed correspond.

Honesty and integrity

When followers' form of compliance is one of "how much am I getting" or "how much should I give", the base of power is probably ________.

Reward Power

Ritual vs. Ceremony

Rituals are repeated and everyday occurrences; ceremonies are grand events to mark a special occasion.

_____ is a technique used in programmed decisions where the decision maker selects the first acceptable solution without engaging in additional effort to identify the best solution.

Satisficing

_____ is an assurance in one's self, one's ideas, and one's ability.

Self-confidence

______ is the belief about whether we can successfully execute some function or task or achieve some result.

Self-efficacy

_______ can be defined as one's opinion or belief about one's self and self-worth

Self-esteem

_____ refers to individuals who start several businesses, simultaneously or one after another.

Serial or Habitual Entrepreneurship

_____ is creating innovative solutions to immediate social and/or environment problems and mobilizing resources to achieve social transformation.

Social Entrepreneurship

______ influence is one's ability to effect a change in the motivation, attitudes, and/or behaviors of others.

Social/interpersonal

_____ refers to the scope of the work that any one person in the organization will be accountable for.

Span of Control

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory

States that a person's direction and intensity will be focused on satisfying the lowest level need that is not currently satisfied

_____ is the stage of development where team members clash for control of the group and people begin to choose sides.

Storming

____ is a change, either incremental or transformational, that helps align an organization's operations with its strategic mission and objectives.

Strategic

McKinsey 7-S Model

Strategy, structure, systems, style, staff, and skills all revolve around and are interconnected with shared values in an organization,

_____ has to do with the changes in the overall formal relationships within an organization.

Structural change

_________ is the technique of reorganizing to reduce friction on the team.

Structural intervention

_____ for leadership can clarify role expectations, motivate organizational members, or satisfy members.

Substitutes

_____ is when managers oversee the work of their subordinates.

Supervision

Two dimensions of environment-industry-organization fit model are _____.

environment complexity and environmental change

In SDT, _____ refers to the performance of an activity in order to attain some valued outcome.

extrinsic motivation

The Leader-Member Exchange Theory (LMX) Theory

focuses attention on consequences associated with the leadership process; views leadership as consisting of a number of dyadic relationships linking leader with follower

The effectiveness of leader behavior is determined by ____.

follower characteristics

The ______ is the individual who is recognized by those outside the group as the official leader of the group.

formal leader

Economic Forces

globalization, competitors/supply chain, currency exchange rates, employment/wage rates, lending policies of financial institutions

When one person or group desires a different outcome than others do, _____ conflict can occur;

goal

Government & Political Forces

govt legislation, international law, wars, local regulation, taxation, trade union activity

When people are among homogeneous and like-minded teammates, the team is susceptible to _______.

groupthink

In terms of organizational survival, _______ is perhaps management's biggest challenge.

how to become more competitive

In the Motivator-Hygiene theory, _____ relate to the work environment (job context) and are based in the basic human need to avoid pain.

hygienes

SDT found that as the level of extrinsic rewards _______, the amount of intrinsic motivation _________.

increases; decreases

Technological Forces

info tech and the Internet, new production forces, how tech is sold and serviced

The ______ leader is one that members of a group acknowledge as their leader.

informal

Diversity in teams leads to greater _______.

innovation

In the goal theory, it is believed that people will attempt to achieve those goals that they _______ to achieve.

intend

In a third phase of the organizational life cycle, _____, the organization expands and the hierarchy deepens, now with multiple levels of employees.

sustained success or maturity

A manager's ______ skills represent the use of tools, procedures, and techniques unique to his/her specialty.

technical

Genetic fallacy

the assumption that something can't be trusted because of its origins

Non-sequitur

the conclusion that is presented isn't a logical conclusion or isn't the only logical conclusion

Bandwagon approach

the idea that if the majority of people are doing it, it must be good/right

Appeal to tradition is

the idea that if we have always done something one way, that must be the right/best way to do it.

Operant conditioning focuses on _______.

the learning of voluntary behaviors

Grace Hopper: "You don't manage people, you manage _____. You lead people."

things

To reach its potential, diversity (specifically gender) needs to go beyond _______.

tokenism

Complex-Unstable Environment

uncertainty is high.

Complex-Stable Environment

uncertainty is low-moderate.

Simple-Stable Environment

uncertainty is low.

Simple-Unstable Environment

uncertainty is moderate-high.

In the equity theory, if our ratio is less than the "other's" ratio, that is called _______.

under-reward inequity

In the expectancy theory, ______ are the degree to which we perceive an outcome as desirable, neutral, or undesirable.

valences

Conflict is a barrier in decision making because _____.

we try to avoid it as much as possible, even if it leads to a great decision

Natural Disasters & Human-Induced Problems

weather, extreme storms, pollution, health, food, stress