MGMT 405 Ch.2

the Fayol principle of management that stated all organizational members are entitled justice and respect is:

equity

which theory is a contemporary approach to management that focuses on the use of rigorous quantitative techniques to help managers make maximum use of organizational resources to produce goods and services?

management science

Federick W. Taylor who is best known for defining the techniques of scientific management, started his career as a _____ manager.

manufacturing

Burns and Stalker identified two types of structures through which managers can organize and control an organization's activities. They are:

mechanistic, organic

organic structures are generally more expensive to operate because they require more:

money, managerial time, effort

a _____ is the enduring tendency to feel, think, and act in certain ways.

personality trait

the degree of change in the external environment is important because it may impact and organization's ability to obtain the necessary _____ required to produce its products and services.

resources

according to Taylor, scientific management is the systematic study of relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency.

scientific

in a bureaucratic system, when specifying the best ways to accomplish organizational tasks or increase performance, behavioral guidelines must be set. Which of the following is not important to include when defining these guidelines?

benchmarks, industry ratios

while today the term is viewed as the equivalent of hierarchical or an impediment to change, _____ was originally defined by Weber as a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness

bureaucracy

a system that is self-contained and, thus, not affected by changes occurring in its external environment is known as a _____ system

closed

a system that is self-contained and, thus, not affected by changes occurring in its external environment is known as a _____ system.

closed

__________ theory is the idea that the organizational structures and control systems managers choose depend on the characteristics of the external environment in which the organization operates. the crucial message is that there is no best way to organize.

contingency

a lack of unity _____ results in an ineffective organization where activities are unfocused and individuals and groups work at cross-purposes.

direction

according to Fayol, _____ results in respectful relations between organizational members and reflects the quality of an organization's leadership and a manager's ability to act fairly and equitably.

discipline

the Gilbreths' goal was to maximize the _____ with which each individual task was performed so that gains across tasks would result in enormous savings of time and effort.

efficiency

Theory _____ managers believe that workers are lazy, dislike work, will try to do a little as possible, have little ambitions, and wish to avoid responsibility

X

_____ refers to the chain of command extending from the top to the bottom of an organization.

line of authority

______ is the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively.

management

groups and teams can cooperate with management to raise performance of thwart any attempts to do so. Therefore, as the Hawthrone studies suggested, it is important to understand that the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of which two groups can affect performance?

management, work-group members

a relatively closed organizational structure in which authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised is a(n) _____ structure.

mechanistic

in bureaucratic systems, _____ are defined as unwritten informal codes of conduct that prescribe how people should act in particular situations and that are considered important by most members of the group or organization.

norms

Fayol's principle of unity of command recommends that subordinates report to only _____ supervisor; other reporting arrangements would confuse workers.

one

Ineffective implementation of the ______ management theory resulted in disadvantages to workers including increased workloads for the same pay, increased layoffs, and monotonous and repetitive work.

scientific

a different workers specialize in different tasks over time, a division of labor occurs known as a job _____.

specialization

the main benefit of the division of labor is:

specialization

the gain in performance that results when individuals and department coordinate their actions is known as _____.

synergy

the _____ approach is a management approach that advocates the idea that a manager's attitude toward employees can affect productivity the self-fulfilling prophecy is an example.

human relations

which of Fayol's principles suggest that employees need the ability to act on their own without direction from a superior?

initiative

during the first stage, referred to as the input stage, an organization acquires resources.

input

the three stages in an open system are _____. _____, and _____.

input, conversion, output

A socialization system is defined as the _____ values that are guiding principles in an individual's life

instrumental, terminal

Mary Parker Follett proposed that "authority should go with _____... whether it is up or down the authority line."

knowledge

reward systems should:

1) be fair to the employees 2) be feasible for the organization to implement

which of the following are resources available in the organizational environment?

1) customers who buy goods and services 2) raw materials 3) skilled people

Weber believed that if organizations implemented all five of the principles of bureaucracy, the organization would:

1) encourage organizational members to act ethically 2) make it easier for managers to organize and control the work of subordinates 3) further promote the interest of the organization 4) improve managers' feeling of security 5) reduce stress throughout the organization

which three of the following were the Gilbreths' main goals?

1) find better ways to perform each component action 2) reorganize each component action so that the action as a whole can be performed more efficiently 3) break up tasks into the individual components necessary to accomplish them

the benefits of scientific management include which of the following management practices?

1) linking people and tasks by the speed of the production line 2) achieving the right mix of worker-task specialization

which of the following are principles developed by Taylor to increase efficiency in the workplace?

1) select workers who possess skills and abilities match the needs of the task and train them on the rules. 2) study the way workers perform their tasks and experiment with ways to improve how tasks are performed. 3) establish an acceptable level of performance for a task and develop a pay system that rewards performance. 4) codify the new methods of performing tasks into written rules and standard operating procedures.

behavioral management is the study of how managers should personally behave:

1) to encourage employees to perform at high levels 2) to motivate employees to be committed to organizational goals

the finding that a manager's behavior or leadership approach can affect worker's level of performance is called that _____ effect.

Hawthrone

the finding that manager's behavior or leadership approach can affect workers' level of performance is known as the _____ effect

Hawthrone

_____ is a set of positive assumptions about workers that leads to the conclusion that a manager's task is to create environment that encourages commitment to organizational goals and provides opportunities for workers to be imaginative and to exercise initiative and self-direction.

Theory Y

the study of how to create an organizational structure and control system that leads to high efficiency and effectiveness is called:

administrative management

According to Fayol, should not be concentrated at the top of the chain command.

authority

Weber's third principle bureaucracy helps clarify for managers for workers what is expected of them and what to expect from each other by clearly specifying the tasks and level of formal _____ associated with various positions in the organization.

authority

according to the text, _____ is defined as the power to hold people accountable for their actions and to make decisions concerning the use of organizational resources. This gives managers the right to direct and control their subordinates' behavior to achieve organizational goals.

authority

the power to hold people accountable for their actions and to make decisions concerning the use of organizational resources is called

authority

Fayol's principle of _____ states that managers have the right to give orders and the power to exhort subordinates to obey.

authority and responsibility

according to Fayol, _____ can result when managers encourage personal, verbal contact between managers and workers and also when managers encourage communication to solve problems and implement solutions.

esprit de corps

Fayol believed that it was not important for organizations to encourage long-term employment.

false

a system that takes in resources from its external environment and converts them into goods and services that are then sent back to that environment for purchase by customers is a closed syste,

false

standard operating procedures are generalized guidelines about how to perform a certain aspect of a task

false

the _____ relations movement advocates that supervisors be behaviorally trained to manage subordinates in ways that elicit their cooperation and increase their productivity.

human

system theorists believe that when departments work together, synergy is created that allows them to achieve more together, than separately. This is of special interest to researchers studying the _____ systems view because they are interested in how the various parts of a system work together to increase efficiency and effectiveness.

open

a more open organizational structure in which authority is decentralized to middle and first-line managers and tasks and roles are left ambiguous to encourage employees to cooperate and respond quickly to the unexpected is an _____ structure.

organic

elements such as socialization, stories, rites, and ceremonies reflect the values of the founder and these are part of the _____.

organization culture

Fayol suggested companies use _____ charts as a method of providing order and structure in an organization.

organizational

the set of forces and conditions that operate beyond an organization's boundaries, but affect a manager's ability to acquire and utilize resources is referred to as the _____ environment.

organizational

in the open-systems view, the production of goods and services is a process through which organizations interact with their environment. During the last stage, referred to as the ______ stage, an organization releases finished goods and services to the external environment.

output

management science theory is an approach to management that uses rigorous _____ techniques to help managers make maximum use or organizational resources.

quantitative