MGT 340 Final

Organizations with the most effective teams typically use hybrid rewards that reward and recognize both individual and team performance. A. True B. False

A. True

Avoiding extreme judgments and rating people and objects as average or neutral is known as the _______ perceptual error. A. Halo B. Leniency C. Central tendency D. Recency E. Contrast effects

C. Central tendency

_______ leadership is an example of passive leadership. A. Defensive B. Transactional C. Laissez-faire D. Neutral E. Tactile

C. Laissez-faire

Dr. Hamrick is hired by the ABC Company to hear cases involving grievances of employees of the company. Sometimes evidence is presented and witnesses are called, and decisions are always based on legal merits, and his decisions are binding. This is an example of A. Arbitration. B. Mediation. C. Conciliation. D. Ombudsman. E. Peer review.

A. Arbitration.

An example of the ________ heuristic occurs when you see news reports about people losing their jobs, and then start believing that you are in danger of being laid off. You start lying awake in bed each night worrying that you are about to be fired. A. Availability B. Hindsight C. Representativeness D. Anchoring E. Framing

A. Availability

When positive practices reduce the impact of negative events or stressors, a(n) _________ effect has occurred. A. Buffering B. Attentional C. Positivity D. Amplifying E. Deviant

A. Buffering

Larry Page, Google's cofounder and former CEO, describes the culture as a "family" environment. He said, "My job ... is to make sure everybody in the company has great opportunities, and that they feel they're having a meaningful impact and are contributing to the good of society. ... It's important that the company be a family, that people feel that they're part of the company, and that the company is like a family to them. When you treat people that way, you get better productivity." This is an example of _____ culture. A. Clan B. Market C. Hierarchy D. Adhocracy E. Control

A. Clan

Which type of organizational culture has been shown by research to be most strongly related to job satisfaction? A. Clan B. Market C. Hierarchy D. Adhocracy E. Hybrid

A. Clan

Jane hates the idea of child labor. She works for a company that claims that it doesn't employ children. However, news reports accuse the company of employing young children overseas. ______ is the psychological discomfort that Jane is experiencing since she heard this news. A. Cognitive dissonance B. Emotional labor C. Behavioral intention D. Emotional dissonance E. Intelligence disunity

A. Cognitive dissonance

Norman is elected president of the debate club. He is known as a team player. That means that Norman is A. Committed, collaborative, and competent. B. Committed, controlled, and collaborative. C. Controlled, capable, and content. D. Committed, capable, and competent. E. Committed, capable, and consistent.

A. Committed, collaborative, and competent.

Which of the following is not a benefit of virtual teams? A. Easier to establish team cohesion B. Reduced real estate costs C. Reduced work-life conflicts for employees D. Improved brainstorming E. Ability to share knowledge of diverse markets

A. Easier to establish team cohesion

Owen leads a team tasked with developing a client tracking system. He is nervous and worried, afraid that if this assignment doesn't go well, he won't be promoted. Jack, a team member, is relaxed, unworried, and secure in the feeling that they have all the necessary resources and talents to make this work. Jack is likely to score high on A. Emotional stability. B. Introversion. C. Conscientiousness. D. Internal locus of control. E. Agreeableness.

A. Emotional stability.

Adhocracy cultures A. Empower employees to take risks. B. Drive toward productivity, profit, and customer satisfaction. C. Have been shown to be generally ineffective. D. Devote considerable resources to hiring and developing employees. E. Assess effectiveness with measures of efficiency, timeliness, quality, safety, and reliability.

A. Empower employees to take risks.

________ is a coping strategy in which you avoid or ignore stressors. A. Escape B. Symptom management C. Primary D. Secondary E. Outcome control

A. Escape

Ken recently completed his MBA degree. He has received two job offers. Which of the following theories is most useful in predicting the choice that Ken will make? A. Expectancy theory B. Goal-setting theory C. Behavior modification theory D. Equity theory E. Cognitive dissonance theory

A. Expectancy theory

Armando has a goal of earning a B in his statistics course, but currently his grade is a C-. Therefore, he decides to study more hours for the next test and even get involved in a study group. Armando is experiencing A. Resilience. B. Faith. C. Effectiveness. D. Health. E. PERMA.

A. Resilience.

Individuals or organizations have _______ power if they can obtain compliance by promising or delivering positive reinforcement. A. Reward B. Coercion C. Referent D. Legitimate E. Expert

A. Reward

Women are more likely to _______ compared to men. A. Share credit B. Hide emotions C. Communicate more aggressively D. Interrupt others E. See conversations as a way to maintain the upper hand

A. Share credit

Efficacy is a component of a person's core self-evaluation; it influences how we perceive ourselves but does not influence how we perceive the world. A. True B. False

B. False

Explicit leadership theory is the idea that people have beliefs about how leaders should behave and what they should do for their followers. A. True B. False

B. False

In the four general steps in the goal-setting process, deficiencies in each step can be made up for with strength in others. A. True B. False

B. False

Leadership is the same thing as managing. A. True B. False

B. False

Light tactics of conflict include making threats; heavy tactics include violence. A. True B. False

B. False

Listening effectiveness is positively associated with customer satisfaction but negatively related to employee job satisfaction. A. True B. False

B. False

Manipulation are the conscious efforts to affect and change a specific behavior in others. A. True B. False

B. False

Maslow's need hierarchy and Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theories are both examples of process theories. A. True B. False

B. False

One advantage of Kotter's eight-step process of implementing change is that it is relatively easy and simple to implement. A. True B. False

B. False

Organizations should work to discourage positive deviance in the workplace. A. True B. False

B. False

Process theories of motivation include equity theory and Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory. A. True B. False

B. False

Servant leadership is the same thing as laissez-faire leadership. A. True B. False

B. False

Sizmos Inc. chairman, Alex Granger, commented that "if employees are given a fun, rewarding place to work where they can express their creativity, in return the firm will get innovation, diehard loyalty, and world-class customer service." This is an example of an organization with an adhocracy culture. A. True B. False

B. False

The best thing a manager can do to create functional conflict is to urge coworkers to hunker down and slog through, to simply persist. A. True B. False

B. False

The contact hypothesis states that the more members of different groups interact, the more intergroup conflict they will experience. A. True B. False

B. False

The integrating style of conflict handling is appropriate in all conflict situations. A. True B. False

B. False

The systems model of change can be used to diagnose what to change, but other models must be used to determine how to evaluate the success of a change effort. A. True B. False

B. False

When a person perceives that his or her outcome to input ratio is greater than that of a relevant comparison person, he or she is experiencing negative inequity. A. True B. False

B. False

________ is the idea that a manager should do what the situation requires. A. Organizing framework B. Interactional perspective C. Contingency approach D. Performance management E. Performance appraisal

C. Contingency approach

A(n) ________ is a graphical representation of the process underlying decisions. A. PERT chart B. GANNT chart C. Decision tree D. Flowchart E. Organizational chart

C. Decision tree

To minimize central tendency bias, a manager should A. Record examples of positive and negative performance throughout the year. B. Be fair and realistic in evaluations. C. Define an accurate profile with both high and low points. D. Evaluate employees against a predetermined standard twice a year. E. Provide only negative feedback in order to make employees work harder.

C. Define an accurate profile with both high and low points.

The two basic types of negotiation are A. Integrating and avoiding. B. Dominating and obliging. C. Distributive and integrative. D. Interpersonal and intrapersonal. E. Organizational and individual.

C. Distributive and integrative.

Which of the following is not a process theory of motivation? A. Acquired needs B. Equity C. Justice D. Expectancy E. Goal-setting

A. Acquired needs

Flexspace includes the concept of working from home. A. True B. False

A. True

Which of the following is not one of the most frequently experienced positive emotions? A. Gratitude B. Accomplishment C. Amusement D. Inspiration E. Awe

B. Accomplishment

Soft skills are job specific; they are useful only in certain jobs. A. True B. False

B. False

The __________ approach attempts to identify the unique ways of acting displayed by effective leaders. A. Leader prototypes B. Trait C. Situational D. Behavior styles E. Transformational leadership

D. Behavior styles

Amy receives a note from Carrie, asking her to pick up some materials for a project from Staples. Amy does the shopping, but misses a few items because she can't decipher Carrie's writing. This is an example of A. Feedback. B. Decoding. C. Encoding. D. Noise. E. Media richness.

D. Noise.

Marcy grudgingly agrees to Herb's proposal and needs a lot of prodding to satisfy the minimum requirements. Marcy is exhibiting A. Hindrance. B. Defiance. C. Commitment. D. Resistance. E. Compliance.

E. Compliance.

Which of the following is not a factor in media richness? A. How fast it provides feedback B. How many visual and audio cues it provides C. Whether the communication is personal or impersonal D. Language source E. Whether a medium involves electronic methods

E. Whether a medium involves electronic methods

You value achievement and your employer rewards people for accomplishing goals, so you are very committed to the company. _____ fit is the consistency between personal and company values. A. Person-culture B. Person-behavioral C. Employee-employer D. Values-attitude fit E. Intrinsic-extrinsic

A. Person-culture

Groups share norms and have goals. A. True B. False

A. True

Which of the following fields is not a field from which OB draws? A. Political Science B. Accounting C. Statistics D. Economics E. Vocational Counseling

B. Accounting

Practical intelligence is very similar to logical-mathematical intelligence. A. True B. False

B. False

Martha worked for a marketing company with a casual atmosphere and informal culture. The company declared bankruptcy. Martha can't wait to find a similar position. In the past, she worked for companies with a more traditional and formal structure. She now has a new job in a bank. Martha dresses differently, puts in longer hours, and studies at home to better understand the bank's services. She is exhibiting _______ intelligence. A. Multiple B. Cognitive C. Practical D. Spatial E. Bodily-kinesthetic

C. Practical

Psychological empowerment is related to A. The job characteristics model. B. Equity theory. C. Self-efficacy. D. Personality theory. E. Political tactics.

C. Self-efficacy.

________ behaviors are when a leader is planning, scheduling, organizing, and coordinating work. A. Interaction-facilitation B. Supportive C. Work-facilitation D. Achievement-oriented E. Path-goal clarifying

C. Work-facilitation

A person with a low tolerance for ambiguity who is oriented toward people and social concerns when making a decision portrays which style? A. Analytical B. Conceptual C. Directive D. Behavioral E. Consultative

D. Behavioral

By doing attitude surveys of all staff, Cue Manufacturing shows management that moral is quite low and, as a result, the risk to safety is quite high. Management knows they have to take action. They decide to modify employee shift hours and breaks. Once employees and managers begin to see how these actions are benefiting them, the company and those around them, they will begin to participate more fully in the transition. This occurs during the ________ stage of the Lewin model. A. Reinforcement B. Unfreezing C. Motivation D. Change E. Refreezing

D. Change

The first step of added-value negotiation is to A. Identify options. B. Perfect the deal. C. Design alternative deal packages. D. Clarify interests. E. Select a deal.

D. Clarify interests.

George has persuaded most of his department to support a cancer run this spring. He really wants to get Nathan on board since Nathan frequently runs in marathons. George asks Terry, Sandy, and Marvin to "work on Nathan." This is using ______ to get others to support your efforts to persuade someone. A. Ingratiation B. Consultation C. Exchange D. Coalition tactics E. Legitimating tactics

D. Coalition tactics

Prosocial behaviors are A. Mindful acts of kindness. B. Acts performed to build friendships. C. Part of PsyCap. D. Positive acts performed without expecting anything in return. E. An essential part of corporate social responsibility.

D. Positive acts performed without expecting anything in return.

In an out-group exchange, a leader is attempting to A. Inspire followers. B. Create trust and mutual obligation. C. Initiate structure. D. Perform service to others. E. Create more formality in expectations and rewards.

E. Create more formality in expectations and rewards.

We all use shortcuts or ________ when making decisions. A. Bounded rationality B. Holistic hunches C. Rational thought D. Personal biases E. Judgmental heuristics

E. Judgmental heuristics

Which of the following is not a key principle of conscious capitalism? A. Leadership that does not use "carrots and sticks" B. Pursuit of a higher purpose C. A culture focused on a higher purpose Incorrect D. Stakeholder interdependence E. Shareholder centrism

E. Shareholder centrism

________ are the phases of organizational socialization. A. Anticipatory, encounter, and change and acquisition B. Flexibility and stability C. Orientation, mentoring, and coaching D. Individual, variable, and investiture E. Identity, commitment, stability, and sense-making

A. Anticipatory, encounter, and change and acquisition

A(n) _______ culture encourages collaboration, trust, and mutual support among employees. A. Clan B. Market C. Hierarchy D. Adhocracy E. Hybrid

A. Clan

Younger employees also are more likely to use the Internet and social media to accomplish their tasks. This is an example of the ___________ that represent the key issue when considering communication across generations. A. Expectations and norms B. Rules and regulations C. Corporate policies and procedures D. FCC laws E. Statements by management

A. Expectations and norms

Which of the following is one of the assumptions underlying nonrational models of decision making? A. Managers do not possess complete information. B. Rational decision making is easy. C. The context for managerial decisions is simple and stable. D. Decisions can be made with certainty. E. Managers do not face restrictions when making decisions.

A. Managers do not possess complete information.

Carlos works at Tyner Construction Company as an assistant project manager. His manager assured him that if his projects came in on time and under budget, he would be promoted within a year. At nine months, Carlo is promoted to project manager. This is an example of A. Met expectations. B. Need fulfillment. C. Equity. D. Value attainment. E. Dispositional components.

A. Met expectations.

Job enrichment is based on the _________ theory of job satisfaction. A. Motivator-hygiene B. Acquired needs C. Self-determination D. Equity E. Expectancy

A. Motivator-hygiene

In which way do employees waste time on social media? A. Shopping online B. Sending e-mails to coworkers C. Calling customers D. Conducting webinars E. Surfing the Internet to research competitive products

A. Shopping online

Naturalist intelligence is A. The potential to live in harmony with one's environment. B. The potential for deductive reasoning, problem analysis, and mathematical calculation. C. The same as intrapersonal intelligence. D. The potential to use mind and body to coordinate physical movement. E. The potential to recognize and use patterns.

A. The potential to live in harmony with one's environment.

Which of the following is not a general category of leader behaviors? A. Transactional B. Task-oriented C. Relationship-oriented D. Passive E. Transformational

A. Transactional

Recent research has shown that employees' use of social media is related to increased job satisfaction, performance, and retention. A. True B. False

A. True

Research does not support the two-factor aspect of Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory. A. True B. False

A. True

Strategic plans are based on analyses of an organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, known as a SWOT analysis. A. True B. False

A. True

A problem is A. A decision that needs to be made. B. A gap between an actual and a desired situation. C. Always due to environmental factors. D. A situation that managers rarely face. E. Something to be ignored until it becomes serious.

B. A gap between an actual and a desired situation.

The president of American Systems announces that all employees will be going on a trip to San Francisco. Some employees like the idea and some don't. According to the _________ component of attitudes, these evaluations reflect the feelings of the employees. A. Behavioral B. Affective C. Cognitive D. Normative E. Intellectual

B. Affective

People with __________ see themselves as masters of their own fate. A. High emotional stability B. An internal locus of control C. An external locus of control D. High introversion E. High extraversion

B. An internal locus of control

Identifying and modeling appropriate ways for people to interact with colleagues is a(n) ________ strategy. A. Work-life B. Antibullying C. Intergroup D. Flex space E. groupthink

B. Antibullying

______ is the first step on the three-step journey (or approach) of the Organizing Framework. A. Identifying the OB concepts B. Defining the problem C. Making recommendations D. Taking action E. Delegating the problem

B. Defining the problem

The need for prestige and reputation is part of the need for A. Love. B. Esteem. C. Self-actualization. D. Safety. E. Physiological.

B. Esteem.

Jamil is a new member of a group that evaluates student activities on campus. He wants to focus on bringing more foreign students into the mainstream activities. The president of the group seems to have her own ideas and virtually everyone supports her. When Jamil opposes one of her suggestions, everyone looks uncomfortable. This is an example of a psychological safety climate. A. True B. False

B. False

One of the top five drivers of employee engagement for organizations in North America is pay. A. True B. False

B. False

Recent research shows that in the forming and storming stages of team development, teams perform better when members exhibit which of the following personality traits? A. Low level of openness B. High tolerance for uncertainty C. High level of extraversion D. Low tolerance for uncertainty E. Low level of agreeableness

B. High tolerance for uncertainty

_________ is(are) an example of social and political pressures for change. A. Ethical lapses by senior management of firms B. Impact of climate change C. Executive compensation D. Big data and advanced analytics E. Social media

B. Impact of climate change

__________ is defined as the physical and cognitive changes individuals make in the task or relational boundaries of their work. A. Job swapping B. Job crafting C. Job design D. Job enrichment E. Job enlargement

B. Job crafting

Waco Company monitors employees' perceptions of fairness by quarterly surveys and occasional focus groups. Management is following the _____ model. A. Met expectations B. Need fulfillment C. Equity D. Value attainment E. Dispositional components

C. Equity

__________ theory holds that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of expected outcomes. A. Equity B. Justice C. Expectancy D. Self-fulfilling prophecy E. Goal-setting

C. Expectancy

A state of _____ exists when employees are physically, cognitively, and emotionally engaged in an activity or project. A. Commitment B. Positivity C. Flow D. Mindfulness E. Hyperactivity

C. Flow

At the weekly staff meeting, Carrie is always criticizing one project manager or another. She claims to run a "tight ship," and she doesn't listen to explanations of delays or additional workload. Carrie's employees dread and resent these meetings. To move forward, these employees need to learn A. Trust. B. Compassion. C. Forgiveness. D. Virtuousness. E. Defiance.

C. Forgiveness.

Alana says to her subordinates, in essence, "Let me provide tangible support to help you reach your goals." Alana is engaging in A. Inspirational motivation. B. Idealized influence. C. Individualized consideration. D. Intellectual stimulation. E. Charismatic behavior.

C. Individualized consideration.

The critical aspect of organizational politics is the emphasis on A. Self-efficacy. B. Bases of power. C. Political tactics. D. Self-interest. E. Personality.

D. Self-interest.

Which of the following is the least fixed of a person's individual differences? A. Attitudes B. Intelligence C. Cognitive abilities D. Self-esteem E. Emotions

E. Emotions

The two basic types of goals are A. Learning and behavioral. B. Behavioral and performance. C. Performance and objective. D. Project and objective. E. performance and learning.

E. performance and learning.

Functional conflict is also known as constructive or cooperative conflict. A. True B. False

A. True

Which of the following statements is not true about group development? A. Tuckman's theory of group development stages has been strongly supported by empirical testing. B. All the stages of group development are not necessarily of the same duration. C. Effective groups and teams go through a maturation process. D. All the stages of group development are not necessarily of the same intensity. E. The storming stage may be particularly long, depending on the goal clarity and commitment and maturity of members.

A. Tuckman's theory of group development stages has been strongly supported by empirical testing.

Pascal is a customer-service representative who handles phone inquiries. He has a goal of handling 12 calls per hour. When he gets a customer with a complex situation, he tends to become short with that person to keep the call short. This is an example of A. ill-conceived goals. B. Motivated blindness. C. Indirect blindness. D. The slippery slope. E. Overvaluing outcomes.

A. ill-conceived goals.

Bill wants to work for the Chocolate Factory. He applies for a job and at the same time tries to find out as much as he can about the company on the Internet. He also asks his friend Charles, who already works there, about the work environment and employee benefits that the company offers. Which phase of organizational socialization is Bill currently in? A. Encounter B. Anticipatory C. Integration D. Arrival E. Change and acquisition

B. Anticipatory

___________ is the process by which a person learns the values, norms, and required behaviors that permit her or him to participate as a member of the organization. A. Anticipatory socialization B. Organizational socialization C. Mentoring D. A realistic job preview E. Coaching

B. Organizational socialization

_________ bias is especially evident in entrepreneurs who are deciding to start and sustain new ventures. A. Representativeness B. Overconfidence C. Escalation of commitment D. Framing E. Confirmation

B. Overconfidence

______ is the combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that gives individuals their unique identity. A. Intelligence B. Personality C. A person's value profile D. Self-efficacy E. Self-esteem

B. Personality

Professor Smith promises Professor Davis that he will buy him dinner if Professor Davis covers class for him one day while Professor Smith is presenting a paper at a conference. Professor Davis agrees, although he is merely going to hand out an assignment to students and be available for questions if they have any. Professor Smith is using his ________ power and Professor Davis is ________. A. Reward; committed B. Reward; complying C. Referent; committed D. Referent; complying E. Expert; complying

B. Reward; complying

_____ is the amount of perceived helpfulness derived from our relationships with others. A. Flow B. Social support C. Meaningfulness D. Virtuousness E. Flourishing

B. Social support

Problem solving and critical thinking are ______ because they use logic and reasoning to develop and evaluate options. A. Technical skills B. Soft skills C. Common sense D. Hard skills E. Personal attributes

B. Soft skills

Which of the following statements about tendencies in managerial decision making is false? A. Managers make decisions too quickly. B. Managers don't invest resources to properly study the problem and alternative courses of action. C. Managers study the problem too extensively and collect too much data. D. Managers take the easy solution without rigorously considering alternatives. E. Managers don't consider all the relevant data.

C. Managers study the problem too extensively and collect too much data.

The advantage of _________ as a means of overcoming change is that it can be a relatively quick and inexpensive solution to resistance problems. A. Facilitation and support B. Explicit and implicit coercion C. Manipulation and co-optation D. Participation and involvement E. Education and commitment

C. Manipulation and co-optation

_____ is the process of forming and maintaining intensive and lasting developmental relationships between a variety of developers and a junior person. A. Onboarding B. Realistic job preview C. Mentoring D. Networking E. Socialization

C. Mentoring

Dana is trying to talk to a client from Russia, but his Russian accent is so thick that she can hardly understand what he is saying. In this situation, ________ hampers Dana's communication with her client. A. The use of jargon B. A semantic barrier C. Noise D. Genderflex E. Low media richness

C. Noise

Xavier has a degree in English. He wants to get a job in publishing, but knows he will have to start as an assistant or possibly a part-time employee. Xavier is both realistic and flexible. This is an example of A. Contentment. B. Efficacy. C. Optimism. D. Tact. E. Fairness.

C. Optimism.

Multitaskers end up switching tasks hundreds of times a day. This makes them ______ in their work environment. A. More efficient B. More intelligent C. Good problem solvers D. Less efficient E. More responsible

D. Less efficient

Jeremy is a business student at ABC University. He is currently enrolled for 18 credits, mostly of quantitative courses with high workloads. He also works 25 hours a week as a bartender. Final exams are coming soon and he is worried about his grades. How would you characterize the cause(s) of Jeremy's stress? A. Conflicting expectations B. Perceived control over events C. Unclear expectations D. Work overload E. Job characteristics

D. Work overload

Which of the following would not necessarily require an apology? A. A leader has offended another. B. A follower has offended another organizational member. C. A follower has offended an external party. D. A wrongdoing is genuinely regretted. E. An organization has criticized another organization.

E. An organization has criticized another organization.

XYZ, Inc., makes consumer products such as shampoo, conditioner, deodorant, and toothpaste. Recently, market research conducted at a university revealed that consumer tastes have changed, and consumers now want their products to come in pastel colors. Currently, XYZ's products all follow a deep blue packaging scheme. What source of change is this? A. Human resource problem B. Managerial decisions C. Demographic characteristics D. Manufacturing E. Changing customer preferences

E. Changing customer preferences

Nathan plans on applying Herzberg's theory to motivate employees. As such, the first step should be to A. Build motivators into subordinates' jobs. B. Provide positive feedback. C. Increase subordinates' autonomy. D. Provide opportunities for self-actualization. E. Eliminate sources of dissatisfaction.

E. Eliminate sources of dissatisfaction.

Which of the following is true about balancing positive and negative emotions? A. We should try to eliminate all our negative emotions. B. We should have one negative emotion for each positive emotion we experience. C. Our brains actually look more for positive information over negative during daily activity. D. Positive experiences activate a survival orientation. E. Ideally, we should try to have more positive experiences than negative.

E. Ideally, we should try to have more positive experiences than negative.

______ is the leader behavior that organizes and defines what group members should be doing to maximize output. A. Transactional leadership B. Transformational leadership C. Consideration D. Empowerment E. Initiating structure

E. Initiating structure

Keyshawn is a player on a professional football team. Because of this, his plays every week are scrutinized by fans and media, as well as his own coaches. Sometimes, their comments are very negative and even personal. Keyshawn will handle this better if he has a high level of _________ intelligence. A. Naturalist B. Bodily-kinesthetic C. Spatial D. Interpersonal E. Intrapersonal

E. Intrapersonal

Some companies now allow employees to use noise-canceling headphones at work, thinking that it prevents distractions. Others companies disagree, noting that concentration goes down. These companies want to encourage A. Mindlessness. B. Rumination. C. Attentional deficit. D. Meditation. E. Mindfulness.

E. Mindfulness.

Which of the following is not a symptom of groupthink? A. Mindguards B. illusion of unanimity C. Self-censorship D. illusion of invulnerability E. Minority dissent

E. Minority dissent

Effective empowerment involves giving decision-making authority to all employees in each and every situation. A. True B. False

B. False

To have more effective meetings, managers should A. Experiment with the numbers and frequencies of meetings held. B. Allow meetings to go longer than scheduled; schedules are only guidelines. C. Create a general agenda showing just the time, date, and place of the meeting. D. Insist that only problems be fully discussed, and possible solutions aired at later meetings. E. Set general goals for each meeting.

A. Experiment with the numbers and frequencies of meetings held.

Which of the following is not one of the psychosocial functions of mentoring? A. Exposure and visibility B. Role modeling C. Counseling D. Friendship E. Acceptance and confirmation

A. Exposure and visibility

Thinking about what your audience already knows about your subject is part of the _________ step of the TED protocol for effective presentations. A. Frame your story B. Plan your delivery C. Plan your multimedia D. Develop your stage presence E. Put it together

A. Frame your story

Pat and Chris are both computer programmers, but Pat earns more money than Chris. However, Chris perceives an equitable relationship because Pat A. Has more education and experience. B. Takes longer breaks. C. Works as hard as Chris. D. Works less than Chris. E. Needs the money more than Chris.

A. Has more education and experience.

______ is one advantage of having a face-to-face conversation. A. Immediate feedback B. Speed of communication C. Additional noise D. A written record E. Creating an impersonal, formal mood

A. Immediate feedback

______ is the feeling that your efforts make a difference and affect the organization. A. Impact B. Meaning C. Self-determination D. Competence E. Significance

A. Impact

Which of the following statements about impression management is false? A. Impression management is generally damaging to careers. B. Ingratiation can improve your performance appraisal results. C. Ingratiation can make your boss like you more. D. Too little impression management can cause you to be overlooked by your boss. E. Too much impression management can get you labeled a "phony."

A. Impression management is generally damaging to careers.

People bring their abilities, goals, and experiences to each and every situation, which often changes the situation. Conversely, because situations have unique characteristics, such as opportunities and rewards, they change people. This dynamic reflects the interactional perspective, which explains that behavior is a function of A. Interdependent person and situation factors. B. Interdependent ethical and unethical factors. C. Interdependent human and social factors. D. Independent person and situation factors. E. Independent human and social factors.

A. Interdependent person and situation factors.

Organizations with clan cultures are described as A. Internally focused and valuing flexibility. B. Externally focused and valuing flexibility. C. Internally focused and valuing stability and control. D. Externally focused and valuing stability and control. E. A balance of internal and external focus and valuing flexibility.

A. Internally focused and valuing flexibility.

Of the following, ______ is the most closely aligned with employees' perceptions of procedural justice. A. Job performance B. Absenteeism C. Stress D. Physical health problems E. Mental health

A. Job performance

The leadership theory that is based on the assumption that leaders develop unique one-to-one relationships with each of the people reporting to them is A. Leader-member exchange. B. Servant leadership. C. Transformational. D. Transactional. E. House's path-goal.

A. Leader-member exchange.

Claire is working 24/7 to meet a deadline. She often uses _________, a method for stress reduction that involves slow, deep breathing. A. Muscle relaxation B. Meditation C. Cognitive restructuring D. Holistic wellness E. Biofeedback

A. Muscle relaxation

You own your own management consulting firm. At a recent seminar, the owner of a local supermarket chain asks you to help him differentiate between a coalition and a network. Which of the following would be a correct response? A. Networks are people-oriented. B. Coalitions have longer-term agendas. C. Coalitions involve the pursuit of general self-interests. D. Coalitions always coincide with formal group membership. E. Networks revolve around specific issues.

A. Networks are people-oriented.

When Jennie sees that the sun is shining brightly, she puts on sunglasses. This is A. Operant behavior. B. Consequential behavior. C. Reward behavior. D. Respondent behavior. E. Contingent behavior.

A. Operant behavior.

Which of the following is not a result of escalation of conflict? A. Parties move from heavy to light tactics. B. The number of issues in dispute grows. C. Issues in dispute move from specific to general. D. The number of parties to the conflict expands. E. The initial goals change.

A. Parties move from heavy to light tactics.

Matt completes his assignments on time. His teacher said that she would allow extra play time to children who submit their assignments on or before the due date. Which of the following made Matt complete his assignments on time? A. Positive reinforcement B. Negative reinforcement C. Respondent behavior D. Unlearned reflexes E. Intermittent reinforcement

A. Positive reinforcement

Macallan Financial investment makes decisions based on financial research, interviewing managers and employees at companies under consideration, and assessing the _____ by examining annual rankings contained in independent sources such as Fortune and Working Mother. These rankings measure communication, work-life balance, training and development, recognition for hard work and teamwork. A. Potential for advancement B. Success of the stock C. Financial status of the company D. Investment of social capital E. Positivity of work environments

A. Potential for advancement

A manager of an advertising firm appointed two employees to strike an advertising deal with one of their big clients. They were chosen as they had made a similar agreement previously with another client. Which of the following biases was the manager engaging in? A. Representativeness B. Anchoring C. Framing bias D. Fundamental attribution error E. Self-serving bias

A. Representativeness

Harriet is an active member of the large Freshman Orientation board. There are five separate teams on this board, and they all want Harriet as a member because she is good at keeping the team on track. Which of the following behaviors does Harriet exhibit? A. She helps plan and organize work; monitors progress; and provides constructive feedback. B. She communicates effectively, listens to teammates, and accepts feedback. C. She expects the team to succeed and cares that they produce high quality work. D. She possesses the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities to contribute meaningfully to the team. E. She submits complete and accurate work.

A. She helps plan and organize work; monitors progress; and provides constructive feedback.

___________ focuses on clarifying employees' role and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance. A. Transactional leadership B. Transformational leadership C.Consideration D. Empowerment E. Initiating structure

A. Transactional leadership

Alana has a capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving. She exhibits intelligence. A. True B. False

A. True

As a manager of two employees who are having a personality conflict, one step you should take is to document the conflict. A. True B. False

A. True

At ABS Inc., the market research group is now operating on flextime. Initially, ABS allowed the sales group to do so. This is an example of adaptive change. A. True B. False

A. True

Attentional deficit can result from lack of sleep, conflicting priorities, or counterfactual thinking. A. True B. False

A. True

Brenda has two exams and a research paper scheduled within the next 10 days. She creates a study plan in which she studies an hour a day for each exam and devotes an additional 90 minutes to her research paper. On Tuesday and Wednesday, Brenda is invited to go out with her friends. Instead, she stays at home and sticks with her study plan because she knows this will help her learn more effectively. A. True B. False

A. True

Companies with adhocracy-type cultures are decreasing in the United States because many companies are becoming risk-averse. A. True B. False

A. True

Creative Critters uses a six-foot-tall stuffed lion named Softy as a catalyst to make sure employees do not ignore important but difficult topics. Softy is an artifact. A. True B. False

A. True

Legitimate power can be expressed either positively or negatively. A. True B. False

A. True

Managers who obtain compliance primarily because of their formal authority to make decisions have legitimate power. A. True B. False

A. True

OB includes topics such as managing your peers and your bosses, as well as managing your subordinates. A. True B. False

A. True

One effective use of virtual teams is in brainstorming ideas or solutions to problems. A. True B. False

A. True

Organizational cultures can drive employee attitudes, performance, and organizational effectiveness, thereby leading to competitive advantage. A. True B. False

A. True

Positive emotions broaden your mindset and open you to consider alternatives when trying to solve a problem, as well as help you build social relationships. A. True B. False

A. True

Programmed conflict is conflict that raises different opinions regardless of the personal feelings of the managers. A. True B. False

A. True

The military is a classic example of hierarchical organizational structure. A. True B. False

A. True

The two dimensions of decision-making style are value orientation and tolerance for ambiguity. A. True B. False

A. True

Typically, managers overemphasize performance goals and underemphasize learning goals. A. True B. False

A. True

Crowdsourcing occurs when companies invite other employees to contribute to particular goals and manage that process via the Internet. A. True B. False

B. False

Malcolm's boss just came into his office, obviously upset, and said, "I'm tired of you being late all the time on these projects. You need to clean up your act!" Malcolm is likeliest to respond by A. Becoming an active listener. B. Becoming defensive. C. Correcting his problems immediately. D. Increasing the effort he puts into his work. E. Experiencing increased job satisfaction.

B. Becoming defensive.

In an in-group exchange, a leader is attempting to A. Inspire followers. B. Create trust and mutual obligation. C. Initiate structure. D. Perform service to others. E. Create more formality in expectations and rewards.

B. Create trust and mutual obligation.

Marge is managing several new strategies. Her team knows that she is under pressure to bring all these projects in on schedule and within budget. Marge wants to empower Jason, her assistant project manager, to lead for self-determination or choice. She should A. Inspire Jason to broaden his horizons. B. Delegate important tasks to Jason. C. Support and coach Jason. D. Monitor and reward Jason. E. Provide training and mentoring for Jason.

B. Delegate important tasks to Jason.

A holistic hunch represents a judgment that is based on a conscious integration stored in memory. A. True B. False

B. False

A norm is a set of expected behaviors for a particular position. A. True B. False

B. False

A strategy represents a long-term goal that describes what an organization wants to become. A. True B. False

B. False

According to the Ajzen model, someone's intention to engage in a particular behavior is not necessarily a strong predictor of that behavior. A. True B. False

B. False

Choosing an appropriate medium for communication depends only on the message's intended purpose and the type of audience. A. True B. False

B. False

You are taking an OB course that meets Mondays and Wednesdays, and your professor gives unannounced quizzes each week. It's the Sunday before a class, and you are deciding whether to study for a potential quiz or watch football. Two of your classmates have decided to watch the game rather than study because they don't think there will be a quiz the next day. The next morning you walk into class and the professor says, "Take out a sheet of paper for the quiz." You turn to your friends and say, "I knew we were going to have a quiz; why did I listen to you? This reflects the anchoring bias. A. True B. False

B. False

Mark, the business head of a firm, wanted to give New Year's gifts to his employees. He discussed this with his employees and decided to give leather computer bags. Mark stated that he did not want to give cheap bags, while a few employees said that they did not want exorbitantly priced designer name bags. Identify the step of added-value negotiation used in this situation. A. Clarify interests B. Identify options C. Design alternative deal packages D. Select a deal E. Perfect the deal

B. Identify options

Pietro is assigned to a team in his environmental science class. He is not comfortable with Sam, the team leader, but is not completely sure why. Which of the following behaviors would not build trust? A. If Sam demonstrates professionalism B. If Sam keeps information to himself C. If Sam is available and approachable D. If Sam gives credit and recognition to team members E. If Sam acts consistently

B. If Sam keeps information to himself

Which three roles are especially important to groups? A. Energizer, harmonizer, gatekeeper B. Initiator, orienter, energizer C. Coordinator, procedural technician, gatekeeper D. Compromiser, commentator, evaluator E. Opinion seeker/giver, standard setter, initiator

B. Initiator, orienter, energizer

Steve has been doing his own taxes for years and recently ran into a problem. He has asked his friend Joanne, an accountant, to go through the financial details with him. Steve needs A. Esteem support. B. Instrumental support. C. Informational support. D. Social companionship. E. Debt counseling.

B. Instrumental support.

___________ are the key links between ___________ in Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior. A. Attitudes; intentions and planned behavior B. Intentions; attitudes and planned behavior C. Norms; intentions and planned behavior D. Intentions; norms and attitudes E. Perceived behaviors; intentions and planned behavior

B. Intentions; attitudes and planned behavior

Manash pays attention in his management class, where the professor has entertaining, interesting visual aids. At times, he makes good eye contact with the professor, and occasionally raises his hand to ask questions. On other days, he is quiet and his eyes are on his notebook. He is exhibiting the ________ style of listening. A. Active B. Involved C. Passive D. Detached E. Motivated

B. Involved

The distinction between flexible and fixed individual differences A. Has no practical value for managers. B. Is that managers have little or no impact on fixed differences. C. Is that managers have little or no impact on flexible differences. D. Is that managers should hire people based on their attitudes and emotions. E. Is that managers have little or no impact on any individual differences.

B. Is that managers have little or no impact on fixed differences.

Jim is the daytime supervisor for an automobile assembly line. He supervises 45 workers who perform routine jobs that require minimal training. Which of the following statements would indicate that Jim is following the transactional model of leadership? A. Jim has a certain idea about how he should behave as a leader and what he should do for his team of workers. B. Jim sets goals, monitors progress toward goal achievement, and rewards and punishes people for their level of goal accomplishment. C. Jim's leadership skills are most effective when applied to match the characteristics of the situation at hand. D. Jim wants to develop a partnership with his team illustrated by reciprocal influence, mutual trust, respect and liking, and a sense of common fates. E. Jim likes to provide the guidance and support needed by employees and ties meaningful rewards to completion of objectives.

B. Jim sets goals, monitors progress toward goal achievement, and rewards and punishes people for their level of goal accomplishment.

By ___________, a person can develop self-awareness. A. Displaying honesty and integrity B. Knowing his or her own strengths and limits C. Being ready to seize opportunities D. Keeping up with organizational politics E. Wielding a range of tactics for persuasion

B. Knowing his or her own strengths and limits

CRF schedules are particularly useful when an employee is A. Missing quotas. B. Learning a new skill. C. Frequently absent from work. D. Performing far above expectations for his or her job. E. Feeling entitled to receiving a reward.

B. Learning a new skill.

Which of the following is a "hard" influence tactic? A. Consultation B. Legitimating tactics C. Ingratiation D. Personal appeals E. Rational persuasion

B. Legitimating tactics

Which of the following is not an advantage of group decision making? A. Greater commitment to a decision B. Less time spent making a decision C. Better understanding of the decision rationale D. Greater pool of knowledge E. More visible role modeling

B. Less time spent making a decision

Low job satisfaction and low employee engagement can lead to A. Lower employee turnover. B. Low task performance. C. Increased task performance. D. Increased commitment. E. Improved communication.

B. Low task performance.

Noreen is extremely happy to be working at QBiz. They are a socially conscious, community-focused company. Noreen knows that her goals align with those of her manager, team, and employer. Noreen has ________ in relation to her company. A. Impact B. Meaning C. Self-determination D. Competence E. Significance

B. Meaning

Ilsa is part of a team working on a project. Vanessa's role on the team is to update and present status reports to management. Ilsa knows that Vanessa's reports do not show the delays that have occurred, but she doesn't say anything because she does not want upper management more involved. Which of the following is Ilsa is exhibiting? A. ill-conceived goals B. Motivated blindness C. Indirect blindness D. The slippery slope E. Overvaluing outcomes

B. Motivated blindness

Many former executives of Eastern Health Insurance and Green Bay Healthcare have become high-level government employees in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The goal of this ______ has been questioned by a number of people. A. Coalition B. Network C. Alliance D. Political aggregation E. Project team

B. Network

Mason is highly satisfied with his job. He receives consistently strong evaluations and volunteers to train new employees. Mason exhibits positive job performance and A. Community involvement. B. Organizational citizenship behaviors. C. Genetic components. D. Withdrawal cognitions. E. Personal motivation.

B. Organizational citizenship behaviors.

The __________ includes inputs, strategic plans, target elements of change, and outputs. It is a very practical approach that can diagnose what to change and how to evaluate the success of a change effort. A. Organizational structure plan B. Systems model of change C. Social factors method D. Organizational arrangement E. Three-stage model of planned change

B. Systems model of change

Terrance applies for a job at Jos Smith & Co. He prepares for the interview and expects some form of personality testing. Instead, after the interview, he is given a computer game to play. What does this represent? A. The game will measure Terrence's top five dimensions of personality. B. The game will assess Terrence's cognitive abilities and thought processes. C. The game is designed to measure Terrence's response rate. D. The game is meant to relax Terrence and will be followed by the standard multiple choice personality test. E. The game will measure Terrence's computer skills.

B. The game will assess Terrence's cognitive abilities and thought processes.

Which of the following is not an implication of transformational leadership? A. Transformational leaders may be unethical. B. Transformational leadership cannot work virtually. C. Transformational leadership affects individual, group, and organizational effectiveness. D. The best leaders are not just transformational. E. The first step of transformational leadership is inspirational motivation.

B. Transformational leadership cannot work virtually.

Yuri is very task-focused at work and does not pay much attention to people issues. Tina is just the opposite. These are examples of ________, the extent to which an individual focuses on either task and technical concerns or people and social concerns when making decisions A. Extraversion B. Value orientation C. Locus of control D. Individualism E. Tolerance for ambiguity

B. Value orientation

________ is a stress-reduction technique that uses electronic monitors to train people to detect muscular tension. A. Muscle relaxation B. Meditation C. Biofeedback D. Holistic wellness E. Cognitive restructuring

C. Biofeedback

Many organizations, such as Google, Zappos, Salesforce.com, and Yahoo!, are designing the work environment to encourage casual conversations among employees who don't generally work together. They also are "installing playful prompts, like trivia games, to get workers talking in traditional conversational dead zones, such as elevators." It is thought that __________ demonstrate a form of social support for employees, leading them to put more effort into creative behaviors. A. Low-performance work systems B. High stress work environments C. High-performance work systems D. Independent E. Low stress work environments

C. High-performance work systems

Sean is questioning his team's effectiveness. He asks himself "Is the group performing less than, equal to, or greater than the sum of its parts?" Once he thinks this through, he recognizes that two people are not contributing at all. Which of the following will not work to combat social loafing? A. Use hybrid rewards. B. Assure equity of effort among group members. C. Increase group size. D. Hold both individuals and the group accountable. E. Hold individuals accountable.

C. Increase group size.

A person who clarifies key issues for a group has taken on the role of A. Evaluator. B. Initiator. C. Information seeker/giver. D. Elaborator. E. Orienter.

C. Information seeker/giver.

Rachel bought a table at a thrift store for $20. She had a feeling it might be valuable. When cleaned up and assessed, the table turned out to be an antique from the 1700s, worth $3,250. What was Rachel using to make her decision? A. Satisficing B. Rationalization C. Intuition D. Explicit knowledge E. Evidence-based decision making

C. Intuition

Dylan and Jack are playing a game of chess. Jack wins, and then he touches Dylan on the shoulder and says "good game." What does this communicate? A. Jack is defensive about his win. B. Jack is feeing superior. C. Jack likes Dylan. D. Jack wants Dylan to be happy. E. Jack is bored.

C. Jack likes Dylan.

Randall wants to put more variety into his assistant's job by combining specialized tasks of about the same level of difficulty. This is A. Job rotation. B. Job enrichment. C. Job enlargement. D. Scientific management. E. Vertical loading.

C. Job enlargement.

Samantha, a member of a team you are assigned to for a management class, has often been late getting her work to the team, and when it arrives it is often of poor quality. Samantha is likely to rank ________ dimension. A. Low on the agreeableness B. High on the extraversion C. Low on the conscientiousness D. Low on the emotional stability E. Low on the proactivity

C. Low on the conscientiousness

Jennie and Lacey are having an argument. As Lacey speaks, Jennie crosses her arms and looks at the ground. Lacey gets the message even thought Jennie isn't saying anything. Jennie is using ________ in the conversation with Lacey. A. Passive feedback B. Unspoken noise C. Nonverbal communication D. Coaching E. Reinforcement

C. Nonverbal communication

The levels of organizational culture are A. Strategy, mission, and values. B. External environment and internal environment. C. Observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions. D. Espoused values and enacted values. E. Identity, commitment, and stability.

C. Observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions.

______ is the interdisciplinary field dedicated to understanding and managing people at work. A. Management theory B. Management dynamics C. Organizational behavior D. Organizational dynamics E. Organizational theory

C. Organizational behavior

Which of the following statements about organizational culture is true? A. A specific organization can have characteristics of only one type of culture. B. While the CVF is an interesting approach, it has no research support. C. Organizations tend to have one dominant type of culture. D. The CVF model categorizes organizations into six types of culture. E. An organization with a focus on its external environment pays most attention to its employees.

C. Organizations tend to have one dominant type of culture.

When Daniel's daughter got seriously ill, his boss Kyle and fellow employees went to the HR department and arranged to donate some of their sick leave to him so he could spend more time with his family. Daniel is most likely to be experiencing A. Job satisfaction. B. OCB C. POS D. Engagement. E. Value attainment.

C. POS

Barry set himself a goal of bowling at least one game above 250 (out of 300 possible) before the end of the season. This is a ________ goal. A. Learning B. Procedural C. Performance D. Equity E. Project

C. Performance

Tanya believes that people should be kind to each other. She notices that Ellie is picking on a new employee, Michele. Tanya asks Ellie to stop bullying Michele, but Ellie's behavior doesn't change. Tanya confronts Ellie and a heated argument ensues, after which Tanya suggests that Ellie transfer to another department. In this case, Tanya's ________ are different from her values. A. Intentions B. Abstract ideals C. Personal beliefs D. Personal goals E. Cognitions

C. Personal beliefs

A local political group is divided on how to present their candidate. The debate is getting heated. Finally, the head of the group focuses the team on defending their idea based on facts, rather than personal preference. This is an example of ______ conflict. A. Functional B. Dysfunctional C. Programmed D. Escalating E. Integrative

C. Programmed

Positive nonverbal actions include all of the following except A. Nodding your head. B. Smiling. C. Speaking very slowly. D. Leaning forward. E. Maintaining eye contact.

C. Speaking very slowly.

Xavier is creating a social media policy for OCA & Associates. He plans to: Outline consequences for violations. Align the policy with the organization's culture. Stay away from defining what is considered illegal. Clarify what is confidential. Designate a spokesperson for online policies. Which of these is not an element of an effective social media policy? A. Outline consequences for violations. B. Align the policy with the organization's culture. C. Stay away from defining what is considered illegal. D. Clarify what is confidential. E. Designate a spokesperson for online policies.

C. Stay away from defining what is considered illegal.

Suzette is a bank manager charged with determining which employees are downsized. Her only guidelines are to keep those employees who contribute the most to the overall organization. When the list of employees downsized is presented, none of her personal friends are on it. This might be viewed as ______ behavior. A. Rational B. Unbiased C. Unethical D. Illegal E. Organizational

C. Unethical

Simone wants to become a partner in her Atlanta law firm. She knows that if she bills the most revenue, it will help her get her partnership. This _____ can lead to unethical behavior. A. Overvalued outcome B. Motivated blindness C. ill-conceived goal D. Indirect blindness E. Slippery slope

C. ill-conceived goal

Donna and Kim are both secretaries for the accounting department. Because someone must be present to answer the phones at all times, different times must be scheduled for each of them to go to lunch. Both of them want the time from noon to 1 p.m. Previous unsuccessful discussions have occurred, resulting in their not speaking to each other. Patti, who also works in the department, sits down separately with each of them to try to explore possible solutions, with the idea that if she can find common ground, they will again discuss alternative schedules face-to-face. Patti is acting as a(n) A. Facilitator. B. Arbitrator. C. Ombudsman. D. Conciliator. E. Negotiator.

D. Conciliator.

_________ involves leader behavior associated with creating mutual respect or trust and focuses on a concern for group members' needs and desires. A. Empowerment B. Transformational leadership C. Servant leadership D. Consideration E. Laissez-faire leadership

D. Consideration

__________ is most likely to build commitment, as opposed to compliance or resistance. A. Pressure B. Coalition building C. Legitimizing D. Consultation E. Ingratiation

D. Consultation

Acme Company would like to reduce stereotyping and combat in-group thinking by creating social hours after work where members of different ethnicities and races can mingle and learn more about each other's backgrounds and interests. This would be an example of A. Groupthink. B. Psychological safety climates. C. Avoidance. D. Contact hypothesis.

D. Contact hypothesis.

_________ are levers for changing organizational culture, addressing all three levels of culture. A. Design of physical space, work environments, and buildings B. Workflow and organizational structure C. Organizational activities, processes, or outcomes D. Deliberate role modeling, training, and coaching E. Formal statements

D. Deliberate role modeling, training, and coaching

Which of the following statements about leadership effectiveness is false? A. You do not need to have a formal position of authority to be a leader. B. Researchers have estimated that 50 percent of all managers around the world are incompetent or ineffective. C. Leadership effectiveness is partly a function of situational factors. D. Demographic characteristics such as gender have no effect on leadership behaviors. E. Individual differences significantly impact leadership effectiveness.

D. Demographic characteristics such as gender have no effect on leadership behaviors.

Harry is thinking about meeting Connie. He writes a text message to Connie, inviting her for a drink at the local bar. This is an example of A. Decoding. B. Feedback. C. Noise. D. Encoding. E. Miscommunication.

D. Encoding.

The _______ model of decision making assumes that managers are completely objective and possess all information for their decisions. In this model, decisions demonstrate excellent logic. A. Intuition B. Satisficing C. Holistic D. Evidence-based E. Rational

D. Evidence-based

You are a management consultant. During a training session, a manager from XYZ Energy Corporation asks you to summarize the best research evidence on the impact of the five bases of power on job performance, job satisfaction, and turnover. Which of these would be a correct response? A. Reward power has a stronger positive impact than referent power. B. Legitimate power has a stronger positive impact than expert power. C. Referent power has a weaker positive impact than legitimate power. D. Expert and referent powers have a generally positive impact. E. Coercive power has a positive impact on performance and a negative impact on satisfaction.

D. Expert and referent powers have a generally positive impact.

Fiona is the daytime supervisor for an online sales company. She supervises 57 people who perform relatively routine jobs that require minimal training. The shop is unionized, so Fiona has little latitude when it comes to dismissing poor performers. However, she does have the authority to transfer employees and has been known to reassign poor performers to less desirable jobs on in the company. Fiona has a reputation for only transferring employees with just cause, and generally is viewed as a fair supervisor by her employees. Although she would like greater autonomy to determine salaries, Fiona generally divides bonuses and raises equally among her employees. To do otherwise would likely create conflict with union members and representatives. According to Fiedler's model, how would Fiona's leader-member relations be described? A. Nonexistent B. Poor C. Moderate D. Good E. Absolute

D. Good

_______ is a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when members' strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action. A. Brainstorming B. Brainwriting C. Brainwashing D. Groupthink E. Goal displacement

D. Groupthink

People with high levels of positive psychological capital tend to display A. Hope, extraversion, resilience, and optimism. B. Hope, efficacy, respect, and optimism. C. Health, extraversion, respect, and optimism. D. Hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism. E. Health, efficacy, resilience, and obstinacy.

D. Hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism.

Glenda, the plant manager for ABC Corporation, views the results from the latest survey of employee attitudes. The results show that job satisfaction in the manufacturing plant has dropped significantly since the last survey. This is a ________ source of change. A. Managerial behavior B. Technological C. Demographic D. Human resource problem E. Shareholder

D. Human resource problem

Effective teams A. Require minimal collaboration during the first and second stages of projects. B. Accept that no changes are needed in response to demands put on the team. C. Do not impose specific strategies and responsibilities. D. Incorporate the right mix of skills and talents. E. Do not restrict team member by imposing charter and processes.

D. Incorporate the right mix of skills and talents.

Which of the following statements about conflict handling styles is false? A. Organizations can develop a particular conflict handling style as a part of culture. B. Research has shown that particular conflict handling styles are better for new product development. C. Conflict handling style is related to emotional intelligence. D. Integrating is always the best style to use. E. No one style is best for every situation.

D. Integrating is always the best style to use.

Connie knows that Benton Inc. is not growing. In fact, it's lost a lot of business to new competitors. She asks her managers 1. What is Benton Inc. doing wrong? 2. What can the company do to turn things a round? 3. Should the goals or mission of the company change? She wants them to question the status quo and seek innovative and creative solutions to organizational problems. What kind of behavior is Connie exhibiting? A. Inspirational motivation B. Idealized influence C. Individualized consideration D. Intellectual stimulation E. Charismatic behavior

D. Intellectual stimulation

A neutral and trained third party can guide others to find innovative solutions to conflict. To ensure neutrality, most organizations hired ADR qualified outsiders. In this case, a(n) _________ is one who does not render a decision. Rather, it is up to the parties to the conflict to reach a mutually acceptable decision. A. Ombudsman B. Facilitator C. Peer reviewer D. Mediator E. Arbitrator

D. Mediator

Josh runs into heavy traffic every day while driving to work. Yesterday, he left home earlier than usual and did not run into heavy traffic. Again, today, he left earlier and avoided heavy traffic. His behavior of leaving earlier enabled him to avoid heavy traffic and reach the office on time. In which of the following processes did Josh engage? A. Positive reinforcement B. Extinction C. Punishment D. Negative reinforcement E. Intermittent reinforcement

D. Negative reinforcement

In the Integrative Framework, which of the following is an outcome? A. Situation characteristics B. Personal factors C. Organizational processes D. Organizational turnover E. Awarding bonuses for good performance

D. Organizational turnover

Which of the following situations does not reflect mindfulness? A. Suzette takes a few minutes to think about her yoga routine before she starts to study for an exam. B. Joe notices that a truck several cars ahead of him on the road has braked. C. During her break, Keisha takes her coffee outside and looks at the cloud patterns. D. Pat is biking to school when someone cuts her off and causes her to fall. She gets up and starts kicking her bicycle. E. Jamil is in a heated argument with his friend, Matthias, over a group project that is due this week. Jamil steps back and takes several deep breaths before continuing.

D. Pat is biking to school when someone cuts her off and causes her to fall. She gets up and starts kicking her bicycle.

Denise sets a goal of completing the literature review portion of her research paper by Sunday night. This is a(n) ________ goal. A. Behavioral B. Knowledge C. Equity D. Project E. Procedural

D. Project

Acme Movers is a company that ships goods and cargo to all locations in the United States. The employees understand that the company's primary vision of timeliness, efficiency and low-cost services is important to maintain the competitive edge over other movers in the business. They constantly work to ensure that all deliveries reach their destinations on schedule, and the company, in turn, rewards the employees with performance-based awards and profit sharing. Which function of organizational culture is exemplified here? A. Giving members an organizational identity B. Facilitating collective commitment C. Promoting social system stability D. Shaping behavior by helping members make sense of their surroundings E. Increasing the likelihood of shared feelings and emotions

D. Shaping behavior by helping members make sense of their surroundings

In a study of executives from 300 companies, the most desirable soft skill named was A. Interpersonal skills. B. Social skills. C. Managerial skills. D. Teamwork. E. Functional knowledge of business.

D. Teamwork.

The contingency approach suggests that A. There is one best way to manage. B. OB theories apply to all situations. C. A manager needs to learn a set of hard-and-fast rules. D. The best answer depends on the situation. E. Management practices from the past can be applied to today's situations.

D. The best answer depends on the situation.

Javier asked Maria for general advice on homework. Then he asked her to let him see specific problems. Now he wants to copy her assignment, claiming he has no time and the content is too difficult. This is an example of A. ill-conceived goals. B. Motivated blindness. C. Indirect blindness. D. The slippery slope. E. Overvaluing outcomes

D. The slippery slope.

______ are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations. A. Norms B. Goals C. Personalities D. Values E. Cognitions

D. Values

Luis has just learned that Brian, who has less experience and who does less work, receives a higher salary. Since learning this, Luis has been very unhappy and has started to look for another job. What model of job satisfaction best explains Luis's reactions? A. Dispositional components B. Value attainment C. Met expectations D. Need fulfillment E. Equity

E. Equity

Which of the following statements is true? A. Evidence-based decision making should never be used in making decisions. B. Evidence-based decision making should never be used in informing decisions. C. Evidence-based decision making should never be used in supporting decisions. D. Evidence-based decision making should always be used in supporting decisions. Incorrect E. Evidence-based decision making should sometimes be used in supporting decisions.

E. Evidence-based decision making should sometimes be used in supporting decisions.

A. People with an internal locus of control B. Have lower work motivation. B. Earn lower salaries. C. Tend to be more anxious. D. Derive less job satisfaction from performance. E. Have stronger expectations that effort leads to performance.

E. Have stronger expectations that effort leads to performance.

Wayne is on the production line for Medical Services Inc. He has been there for five years and has won Employee of the Month more than anyone else. Zander, his coworker, who has only been at Medical Services three years and hasn't even been nominated for Employee of the Month, just received a promotion. Wayne perceives a A. Negative expectancy. B. Negative output. C. Positive inequity. D. Positive output. E. Negative inequity.

E. Negative inequity.

Janice creates advertising slogans for the advertising firm that employs her. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. A(n) ________ represents Janice's beliefs. A. High level of emotional labor B. Employment contract C. High normative commitment D. High affective commitment E. Psychological contract

E. Psychological contract

Roberto is a manager at XYZ Corporation. Every day, he eats lunch in the company cafeteria so he can learn the latest news and rumors. Roberto is exhibiting his A. Relationship management. B. Self-awareness. C. Self-disclosure. D. Extraversion. E. Social awareness.

E. Social awareness.

Carla will graduate from her business program next month. She is happiest in jobs where she doesn't know what will be waiting for her when she gets to work, and she excels at problem solving. Carla needs a career that involves: A. Security. B. Benevolence. C. Tradition. D. Power. E. Stimulation.

E. Stimulation.

Negative reinforcement is A. Strengthening a behavior by contingently presenting something pleasing. B. Weakening a behavior by ignoring it. C. Weakening a behavior through contingently presenting something displeasing. D. Weakening behavior by contingently withdrawing something positive. E. Strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.

E. Strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.

When Meet & Greet went public, the company had fewer than 15 engineers working on mobile applications. It was almost entirely focused on users accessing the site from desktop computers. Four years later, the company has over 250 engineers working on mobile apps—a strong signal that mobile apps are at the center of the company's strategy. This is an example of _______ from the desktop. A. Changing B. Refreezing C. Distracting D. Resistance E. Unfreezing

E. Unfreezing

Philip got an e-mail from his supervisor with compliments and praises for his work over the past few months. This is an example of a __________ schedule of reinforcement. A. Continuous B. Fixed ratio C. Variable ratio D. Fixed interval E. Variable interval

E. Variable interval

We have the cognitive capacity to process words at a much higher rate than people speak. Which of the following can result from this? A. We can hear and analyze at the same time. B. We hear everything whether we process it or not. C. We do not need to pay attention to nonverbal cues. D. We can anticipate what the person will say next. E. We miss or lose some of what we hear.

E. We miss or lose some of what we hear.