Micro Chapter 3
A structural molecule found in eukaryotic cytoskeletons, flagella, cilia, and centrioles is (flagellin/tubulin/fibrin).
Answer: tubulin
A higher concentration of solutes corresponds to a (higher/lower) concentration of water in a given solution.
Answer: lower
The reserve deposits of starch or other compounds found in many prokaryotic cells are called (vacuoles/inclusions/nucleoid).
Answer: inclusions
----------- is the process by which large molecules or extracellular fluids are brought into a eukaryotic cell through manipluation of the cytoplasmic membrane.
endocytosis
Spirochetes have a special kind of falgella called
endoflagella
The ---------- is a sticky, gelatinous substance that helps keep many prokaryotic cells from drying out.
glycocalyx
Which of the following is NOT a component of peptidoglycan? NAG lipid A NAM amino acid
lipid A
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of fimbriae? enhancing a microbe's ability to cause disease adherence to surfaces creation of biofilms movement toward chemicals or light
movement toward chemicals or light
Which of the following never have cell walls? A) algae B) animal cells C) archaea D) bacteria E) fungi
Answer: B) animal cells
Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote? A) algae B) archaea C) fungus D) protozoa E) both archaea and protozoa
Answer: B) archaea
E) diffusion.
Answer: B) group translocation
The bacterial ________ maintains the DNA in a specific location and facilitates the process of bacterial cell division. A) nucleoid B) inclusion C) pilus D) cytoskeleton E) fimbriae.
Answer: D) cytoskeleton
Endospores survive a variety of harsh conditions in part because of the presence of A) mycolic acid. B) lipopolysaccharide. C) hopanoids. D) dipicolinic acid. E) glycoproteins.
Answer: D) dipicolnic acid
Chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in that the former have A) DNA. B) two lipid bilayers. C) 70S ribosomes. D) thylakoids. E) cristae.
Answer: D) thylakoids
Cytoplasmic membranes of ________ are composed of unbranched phospholipids. A) bacteria B) eukaryotes C) archaea D) prokaryotes E) bacteria and eukaryotes
Answer: E) bacteria and eukaryotes
Lysosomes result from the endocytosis of food particles by eukaryotic cells. True or False
Answer: FALSE
Eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of 50S and 30S subunits. True or False
Answer: FALSE
Which of the following eukaryotic cell wall types is INCORRECTLY matched? algee; agar plants: cellulose fungi: chitin Animal cell: silica
animal cell: silica
All of the following statements are true of archaeal flagella EXCEPT that __________. the proteins of the flagella differ from bacterial flagellin archaeal flagella grow by adding subunits at the base—not the tip—of the flagella archaeal flagella are 10-14 nm in diameter archaeal flagella rotate from the flow of hydrogen ions across a membrane
archaeal flagella rotate from the flow of hydrogen ions across a membrane
All of the following are microbes paired with a cellular feature present in some of them—which pair is INCORRECT because that feature is never present in that microbe? archaea; hami bacteria; fimbriae bacteria; cilia eukaryotes; flagella
bacteria: cilia
Which of the following membrane-bound organelles is INCORRECTLY paired with its primary function? lysosome: breakdown of aged cell components nucleus: contains DNA and nucleoli mitochondrion: aerobic ATP production endoplasmic reticulum: exocytosis and secretion
endoplasmic reticulum: exocytosis and secretion
Which of the following components of the bacterial cell wall is found in varying amounts in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells? peptidoglycan lipopolysaccharide teichoic acids endotoxin
peptidoglycan
Which of the following organelles is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? nucleus endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion ribosome
ribosome
Which of the following prokaryotic cells contain an outer membrane? A) Gram-negative bacteria only B) Gram-positive bacteria only C) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria D) archaea E) all prokaryotes
Answer: A) Gram-negative bacteria only
Which of the following statements concerning conjugation pili is FALSE? A) Pili are longer than fimbriae and flagella. B) Pili facilitate the transfer of DNA among bacterial cells. C) Pili are long, hollow tubules. D) Not all bacteria have pili. E) A bacterial cell will usually have only one or two pili.
Answer: A) Pili are longer than fimbriae and flagella
Which of the following statements concerning the characteristics of life is FALSE? A) Reproduction is defined as an increase in the size of an organism. B) Viruses have some, but not all, of the characteristics of living things. C) Organisms may not exhibit all of the characteristics of life at all times. D) Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually in living things. E) Living things store metabolic energy in the form of chemicals such as ATP.
Answer: A) Reproduction is defined as an increase in the size of an organism.
The cytoplasmic membranes of ________ may contain branched hydrocarbons. A) archaeal cells B) bacterial cells C) eukaryotic cells D) both bacterial and eukaryotic cells E) archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic cells
Answer: A) archaeal cells
Which of the following contribute to the ability of archaea to survive in extreme environments? A) branched hydrocarbons with ether linkages B) phospholipids with monounsaturated fatty acids C) hopanoids D) glycerols E) both hopanoids and glycerols
Answer: A) branched hydrocarbons with ether linkages
Some bacteria have a water-soluble outer slime layer composed of A) carbohydrate. B) lipid. C) peptidoglycan. D) protein. E) lipoteichoic acid.
Answer: A) carbohydrate
Cholesterols are typically found in ________ cytoplasmic membranes. A) eukaryotic B) bacterial C) archaeal D) prokaryotic E) both eukaryotic and prokaryotic
Answer: A) eukaryotic
Lipid A is a component of A) the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. B) plant cell walls. C) cytoplasmic membranes. D) Gram-positive bacterial membranes. E) bacterial glycocalyces.
Answer: A) the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
The endosymbiotic theory does NOT provide an explanation for A) the two membranes of the nuclear envelope. B) the presence of ribosomes in mitochondria. C) the presence of DNA in chloroplasts. D) the cristae in mitochondria. E) the double membrane of chloroplasts.
Answer: A) the two membranes of the nuclear envelope
Bacterial ribosomes are composed of several polypeptides and A) three RNA molecules in two subunits. B) three RNA molecules in three subunits. C) two RNA molecules in two subunits. D) two RNA molecules in a single complex. E) one large RNA molecule in a single complex.
Answer: A) three RNA molecules in two subunits
Which of the following statements concerning osmosis is FALSE? A) Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane. B) During osmosis, water crosses to the side of the membrane with a lower solute concentration. C) Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will gain water. D) Crenation results when blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution. E) Osmosis stops when the system reaches equilibrium.
Answer: B) During osmosis, water crosses to the side of the membrane with a lower solute concentration
Which of the following may have cell walls containing teichoic acids? A) Gram-negative bacteria only B) Gram-positive bacteria only C) archaea D) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria E) all prokaryotes
Answer: B) Gram-positive bacteria only
Which of the following is paired INCORRECTLY? A) plants; cellulose cell wall B) algae; glycocalyx C) bacteria; peptidoglycan cell wall D) fungi; polysaccharide cell wall E) archaea; protein cell wall
Answer: B) algae, glycocalyx
Some ________ use group translocation as a means of transport. A) eukaryotes B) bacteria C) archaea D) protozoa E) eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Answer: B) bacteria
Which of the following is part of the structure of the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell? A) cilia B) cristae C) thylakoids D) inclusions E) nucleolus
Answer: B) cristae
Endocytosis and exocytosis are means of transport used by A) bacteria. B) eukaryotes. C) archaea. D) all prokaryotes. E) nothing; no cells use both processes.
Answer: B) eukaryotes
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things? A) metabolism B) motility C) growth D) reproduction E) responsiveness
Answer: B) motility
________ may have pili. A) Eukaryotes B) Archaea C) Bacteria D) Prokaryotes E) Both eukaryotes and bacteria
Answer: C) Bacteria
Which of the following statements concerning endocytosis is TRUE? A) This process occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. B) Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which liquids are brought into the cell. C) Endocytosis produces a structure called a food vesicle. D) Waste products and secretions are exported from the cell during endocytosis. E) Endocytosis is a form of passive transport.
Answer: C) Endocytosis produces a structure called a food vesicle
The cell walls of some ________ are composed of minerals such as calcium carbonate. A) archaea B) bacteria C) algae D) fungi E) bacteria and fungi
Answer: C) algae
Some bacteria have an outer layer called a ________ which allows them to adhere to surfaces and contributes to their ability to cause disease. A) cell wall B) LPS C) capsule D) flagellum E) pilus
Answer: C) capsule
Lipid-soluble molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane by which of the following processes? A) osmosis B) facilitated diffusion C) diffusion D) active transport E) group translocation.
Answer: C) diffusion
Membrane rafts are found in the cytoplasmic membranes of A) archaea only. B) bacteria only. C) eukaryotes only. D) both archaea and bacteria. E) both archaea and eukaryotes.
Answer: C) eukaryotes only
Bacterial ________ are sites of metabolite storage. A) nucleoids B) vacuoles C) inclusions D) pili E) periplasm.
Answer: C) inclusions
Bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma lack cell walls. What sort of environment do they require for survival? A) low-temperature B) hypotonic C) isotonic D) hypertonic E) a biofilm.
Answer: C) isotonic
Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton? A) anchors organelles B) gives shape to the cell C) packages cellular secretions D) performs endocytosis E) aids in contraction of the cell
Answer: C) packages cellular secretions
What types of molecules may NOT need transport proteins to be able to cross cytoplasmic membranes? A) large molecules B) ions C) small hydrophobic molecules D) small hydrophilic molecules E) nothing crosses cytoplasmic membranes without transport proteins
Answer: C) small hydrophobic molecules
Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial flagella? A) flagellin B) basal body C) tubulin D) filament E) hook
Answer: C) tubulin
Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is CORRECT? A) The rough ER is the site of lipid synthesis. B) The smooth ER has ribosomes associated with it.C) The ER is a lipid storage organelle. D) The ER is a transport system within the cytoplasm. E) The smooth ER is a site of ATP synthesis.
Answer: D) The ER is a transport system within the cytoplasm
Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle found only in eukaryotic cells? A) cytoskeleton B) flagellum C) ribosome D) centriole E) pilus.
Answer: D) centriole
The glycocalyx of a eukaryotic cell performs all of the following functions EXCEPT A) protection against dehydration. B) anchoring cells to each other. C) cellular recognition and communication. D) transfer of genetic material between cells. E) strengthening the cell surface.
Answer: D) transfer of genetic material between cells
The flagella of archaea are similar to bacterial flagella but differ in that they A) lack a basal body. B) move like a whip. C) are anchored in the cytoplasm. D) are hollow. E) are driven by ATP hydrolysis.
Answer: E) are driven by ATP hydrolysis.
ATP is expended in which of the following processes? A) facilitated diffusion B) diffusion C) group translocation D) active transport E) both active transport and group translocation.
Answer: E) both active transport and group translocation
Which of the following processes requires a channel protein? A) diffusion only B) facilitated diffusion only C) active transport only D) endocytosis only E) both facilitated diffusion and active transport
Answer: E) both facilitated diffusion and active transport
Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms? A) glycocalyces B) flagella C) fimbriae D) pili E) both fimbriae and glycocalyces
Answer: E) both fimbriae and glycocalyces
Which of the following may be a component of bacterial cell walls? A) carrageenan B) lipoteichoic acids C) mycolic acid D) tubulin E) both lipoteichoic and mycolic acids.
Answer: E) both lipoteichoic and mycolic acids
Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called A) pili. B) flagella. C) fimbriae. D) pseudopodia. E) cilia.
Answer: E) cilia
Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria? A) N-acetylglucosamine B) peptidoglycan C) lipoteichoic acid D) endotoxin E) mycolic acid
Answer: E) mycolic acid
Using a microscope, you observe an amoeba moving toward a food source. This is an example of A) reproduction. B) cellular structure. C) metabolism. D) growth. E) responsiveness.
Answer: E) responsiveness
Bacterial cell walls that are resistant to drying contain A) carbohydrates. B) amino acids. C) lipopolysaccharide. D) tubulin. E) waxes.
Answer: E) waxes
Archaea are similar to bacteria in having cytoplasmic membrane that are composed of phospholipids and hopanoids. True or False
Answer: FALSE
Chromatin is composed of DNA and special packaging proteins called hopanoids. Trues of False
Answer: FALSE
Peroxisomes contain enzymes used to digest nutrients that have been brought into the cell through phagocytosis. True or False
Answer: FALSE
Fragments of (LPS/NAM/NAG) released from Gram-negative bacteria into the bloodstream produce fever and shock.
Answer: LPS
Bacterial protein synthesis can begin before the reading of the gene is complete. True or False
Answer: TRUE
Chloroplasts use light energy to produce ATP and carbohydrates. True or False
Answer: TRUE
The presence of a glycocalyx contributes to bacteria's ability to cause disease. True or False
Answer: TRUE
A (capsule/slime layer/matrix) is a type of glycocalyx that is firmly attached to the cell.
Answer: capsule
The cell walls of eukaryotes are typically composed of (carbohydrates/peptidoglycan/glycoproteins).
Answer: carbohydrates
The "run" in bacterial motility is the result of (clockwise/counterclockwise/whiplike) rotation of the flagella.
Answer: counterclockwise
Fibrous structures with three "arms" some archaea use for attachment to surfaces are (fimbriae/hami/pili).
Answer: hami
In a(n) (hypertonic/isotonic/hypotonic) solution, an animal cell can gain so much water that it may burst.
Answer: hypotonic
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of (protein/lipid/carbohydrate) synthesis.
Answer: lipid
The semiliquid matrix of the nucleus is called the (cytoplasm/nucleoid/nucleoplasm).
Answer: nucleoplasm
Eukaryotic cells use a process known as (pinocytosis/phagocytosis/exocytosis) to obtain liquids from their environment.
Answer: pinocytosis
A(n) (symport/antiport/uniport) is a carrier protein that transports two substances in the same direction across a membrane.
Answer: symport
The presence of a cell (wall/membrane) enables bacterial and plant cells to resist the effects of hypotonic solutions.
Answer: wall
The accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate inside a bacterial cell via phosphorylation of glucose is an example of A) facilitated diffusion. B) group translocation. C) osmosis. D) plasmolysis.
B) group translocation
Which of the following would NOT be found in an inclusion? starch lipids gases DNA
DNA
When Gram-positive bacteria die, a large amount of lipid A can be released into the immediate environment. True or False
False
In the presence of a favorable stimulus, a bacterium will increase the number of runs and decrease the number of tumbles it performs. True or False
True
The ability of the archaea to llive in extreme enviroments is due in part to their cytoplasmic membrane composition. True or False
True
Endospores are a concern to healthcare workers because they are resistant to treatments that inhibit other microbes. True or False
True
All of the following are differences between bacterial flagella and eukaryotic flagella EXCEPT that __________. eukaryotic flagella are shafts composed of globular protein tubulin arranged to form microtubules, whereas prokaryotic flagella are composed of flagellin eukaryotic flagella are within the cytoplasmic membrane, whereas prokaryotic flagella are not bacterial flagella move in a wave motion, whereas eukaryotic flagella rotate 360° the filaments of the eukaryotic flagella are anchored in the cytoplasm by a basal body, whereas the prokaryotic flagella is anchored to the plasma membrane and cell wall by a basal body
bacterial flagella move in a wave motion, whereas eukaryotic flagella rotate 360°
