Micro Chapter 3

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A structural molecule found in eukaryotic cytoskeletons, flagella, cilia, and centrioles is (flagellin/tubulin/fibrin).

Answer: tubulin

A higher concentration of solutes corresponds to a (higher/lower) concentration of water in a given solution.

Answer: lower

The reserve deposits of starch or other compounds found in many prokaryotic cells are called (vacuoles/inclusions/nucleoid).

Answer: inclusions

----------- is the process by which large molecules or extracellular fluids are brought into a eukaryotic cell through manipluation of the cytoplasmic membrane.

endocytosis

Spirochetes have a special kind of falgella called

endoflagella

The ---------- is a sticky, gelatinous substance that helps keep many prokaryotic cells from drying out.

glycocalyx

Which of the following is NOT a component of peptidoglycan? NAG lipid A NAM amino acid

lipid A

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of fimbriae? enhancing a microbe's ability to cause disease adherence to surfaces creation of biofilms movement toward chemicals or light

movement toward chemicals or light

Which of the following never have cell walls? A) algae B) animal cells C) archaea D) bacteria E) fungi

Answer: B) animal cells

Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote? A) algae B) archaea C) fungus D) protozoa E) both archaea and protozoa

Answer: B) archaea

E) diffusion.

Answer: B) group translocation

The bacterial ________ maintains the DNA in a specific location and facilitates the process of bacterial cell division. A) nucleoid B) inclusion C) pilus D) cytoskeleton E) fimbriae.

Answer: D) cytoskeleton

Endospores survive a variety of harsh conditions in part because of the presence of A) mycolic acid. B) lipopolysaccharide. C) hopanoids. D) dipicolinic acid. E) glycoproteins.

Answer: D) dipicolnic acid

Chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in that the former have A) DNA. B) two lipid bilayers. C) 70S ribosomes. D) thylakoids. E) cristae.

Answer: D) thylakoids

Cytoplasmic membranes of ________ are composed of unbranched phospholipids. A) bacteria B) eukaryotes C) archaea D) prokaryotes E) bacteria and eukaryotes

Answer: E) bacteria and eukaryotes

Lysosomes result from the endocytosis of food particles by eukaryotic cells. True or False

Answer: FALSE

Eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of 50S and 30S subunits. True or False

Answer: FALSE

Which of the following eukaryotic cell wall types is INCORRECTLY matched? algee; agar plants: cellulose fungi: chitin Animal cell: silica

animal cell: silica

All of the following statements are true of archaeal flagella EXCEPT that __________. the proteins of the flagella differ from bacterial flagellin archaeal flagella grow by adding subunits at the base—not the tip—of the flagella archaeal flagella are 10-14 nm in diameter archaeal flagella rotate from the flow of hydrogen ions across a membrane

archaeal flagella rotate from the flow of hydrogen ions across a membrane

All of the following are microbes paired with a cellular feature present in some of them—which pair is INCORRECT because that feature is never present in that microbe? archaea; hami bacteria; fimbriae bacteria; cilia eukaryotes; flagella

bacteria: cilia

Which of the following membrane-bound organelles is INCORRECTLY paired with its primary function? lysosome: breakdown of aged cell components nucleus: contains DNA and nucleoli mitochondrion: aerobic ATP production endoplasmic reticulum: exocytosis and secretion

endoplasmic reticulum: exocytosis and secretion

Which of the following components of the bacterial cell wall is found in varying amounts in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells? peptidoglycan lipopolysaccharide teichoic acids endotoxin

peptidoglycan

Which of the following organelles is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? nucleus endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion ribosome

ribosome

Which of the following prokaryotic cells contain an outer membrane? A) Gram-negative bacteria only B) Gram-positive bacteria only C) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria D) archaea E) all prokaryotes

Answer: A) Gram-negative bacteria only

Which of the following statements concerning conjugation pili is FALSE? A) Pili are longer than fimbriae and flagella. B) Pili facilitate the transfer of DNA among bacterial cells. C) Pili are long, hollow tubules. D) Not all bacteria have pili. E) A bacterial cell will usually have only one or two pili.

Answer: A) Pili are longer than fimbriae and flagella

Which of the following statements concerning the characteristics of life is FALSE? A) Reproduction is defined as an increase in the size of an organism. B) Viruses have some, but not all, of the characteristics of living things. C) Organisms may not exhibit all of the characteristics of life at all times. D) Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually in living things. E) Living things store metabolic energy in the form of chemicals such as ATP.

Answer: A) Reproduction is defined as an increase in the size of an organism.

The cytoplasmic membranes of ________ may contain branched hydrocarbons. A) archaeal cells B) bacterial cells C) eukaryotic cells D) both bacterial and eukaryotic cells E) archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic cells

Answer: A) archaeal cells

Which of the following contribute to the ability of archaea to survive in extreme environments? A) branched hydrocarbons with ether linkages B) phospholipids with monounsaturated fatty acids C) hopanoids D) glycerols E) both hopanoids and glycerols

Answer: A) branched hydrocarbons with ether linkages

Some bacteria have a water-soluble outer slime layer composed of A) carbohydrate. B) lipid. C) peptidoglycan. D) protein. E) lipoteichoic acid.

Answer: A) carbohydrate

Cholesterols are typically found in ________ cytoplasmic membranes. A) eukaryotic B) bacterial C) archaeal D) prokaryotic E) both eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Answer: A) eukaryotic

Lipid A is a component of A) the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. B) plant cell walls. C) cytoplasmic membranes. D) Gram-positive bacterial membranes. E) bacterial glycocalyces.

Answer: A) the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria

The endosymbiotic theory does NOT provide an explanation for A) the two membranes of the nuclear envelope. B) the presence of ribosomes in mitochondria. C) the presence of DNA in chloroplasts. D) the cristae in mitochondria. E) the double membrane of chloroplasts.

Answer: A) the two membranes of the nuclear envelope

Bacterial ribosomes are composed of several polypeptides and A) three RNA molecules in two subunits. B) three RNA molecules in three subunits. C) two RNA molecules in two subunits. D) two RNA molecules in a single complex. E) one large RNA molecule in a single complex.

Answer: A) three RNA molecules in two subunits

Which of the following statements concerning osmosis is FALSE? A) Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane. B) During osmosis, water crosses to the side of the membrane with a lower solute concentration. C) Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will gain water. D) Crenation results when blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution. E) Osmosis stops when the system reaches equilibrium.

Answer: B) During osmosis, water crosses to the side of the membrane with a lower solute concentration

Which of the following may have cell walls containing teichoic acids? A) Gram-negative bacteria only B) Gram-positive bacteria only C) archaea D) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria E) all prokaryotes

Answer: B) Gram-positive bacteria only

Which of the following is paired INCORRECTLY? A) plants; cellulose cell wall B) algae; glycocalyx C) bacteria; peptidoglycan cell wall D) fungi; polysaccharide cell wall E) archaea; protein cell wall

Answer: B) algae, glycocalyx

Some ________ use group translocation as a means of transport. A) eukaryotes B) bacteria C) archaea D) protozoa E) eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer: B) bacteria

Which of the following is part of the structure of the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell? A) cilia B) cristae C) thylakoids D) inclusions E) nucleolus

Answer: B) cristae

Endocytosis and exocytosis are means of transport used by A) bacteria. B) eukaryotes. C) archaea. D) all prokaryotes. E) nothing; no cells use both processes.

Answer: B) eukaryotes

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things? A) metabolism B) motility C) growth D) reproduction E) responsiveness

Answer: B) motility

________ may have pili. A) Eukaryotes B) Archaea C) Bacteria D) Prokaryotes E) Both eukaryotes and bacteria

Answer: C) Bacteria

Which of the following statements concerning endocytosis is TRUE? A) This process occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. B) Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which liquids are brought into the cell. C) Endocytosis produces a structure called a food vesicle. D) Waste products and secretions are exported from the cell during endocytosis. E) Endocytosis is a form of passive transport.

Answer: C) Endocytosis produces a structure called a food vesicle

The cell walls of some ________ are composed of minerals such as calcium carbonate. A) archaea B) bacteria C) algae D) fungi E) bacteria and fungi

Answer: C) algae

Some bacteria have an outer layer called a ________ which allows them to adhere to surfaces and contributes to their ability to cause disease. A) cell wall B) LPS C) capsule D) flagellum E) pilus

Answer: C) capsule

Lipid-soluble molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane by which of the following processes? A) osmosis B) facilitated diffusion C) diffusion D) active transport E) group translocation.

Answer: C) diffusion

Membrane rafts are found in the cytoplasmic membranes of A) archaea only. B) bacteria only. C) eukaryotes only. D) both archaea and bacteria. E) both archaea and eukaryotes.

Answer: C) eukaryotes only

Bacterial ________ are sites of metabolite storage. A) nucleoids B) vacuoles C) inclusions D) pili E) periplasm.

Answer: C) inclusions

Bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma lack cell walls. What sort of environment do they require for survival? A) low-temperature B) hypotonic C) isotonic D) hypertonic E) a biofilm.

Answer: C) isotonic

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton? A) anchors organelles B) gives shape to the cell C) packages cellular secretions D) performs endocytosis E) aids in contraction of the cell

Answer: C) packages cellular secretions

What types of molecules may NOT need transport proteins to be able to cross cytoplasmic membranes? A) large molecules B) ions C) small hydrophobic molecules D) small hydrophilic molecules E) nothing crosses cytoplasmic membranes without transport proteins

Answer: C) small hydrophobic molecules

Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial flagella? A) flagellin B) basal body C) tubulin D) filament E) hook

Answer: C) tubulin

Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is CORRECT? A) The rough ER is the site of lipid synthesis. B) The smooth ER has ribosomes associated with it.C) The ER is a lipid storage organelle. D) The ER is a transport system within the cytoplasm. E) The smooth ER is a site of ATP synthesis.

Answer: D) The ER is a transport system within the cytoplasm

Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle found only in eukaryotic cells? A) cytoskeleton B) flagellum C) ribosome D) centriole E) pilus.

Answer: D) centriole

The glycocalyx of a eukaryotic cell performs all of the following functions EXCEPT A) protection against dehydration. B) anchoring cells to each other. C) cellular recognition and communication. D) transfer of genetic material between cells. E) strengthening the cell surface.

Answer: D) transfer of genetic material between cells

The flagella of archaea are similar to bacterial flagella but differ in that they A) lack a basal body. B) move like a whip. C) are anchored in the cytoplasm. D) are hollow. E) are driven by ATP hydrolysis.

Answer: E) are driven by ATP hydrolysis.

ATP is expended in which of the following processes? A) facilitated diffusion B) diffusion C) group translocation D) active transport E) both active transport and group translocation.

Answer: E) both active transport and group translocation

Which of the following processes requires a channel protein? A) diffusion only B) facilitated diffusion only C) active transport only D) endocytosis only E) both facilitated diffusion and active transport

Answer: E) both facilitated diffusion and active transport

Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms? A) glycocalyces B) flagella C) fimbriae D) pili E) both fimbriae and glycocalyces

Answer: E) both fimbriae and glycocalyces

Which of the following may be a component of bacterial cell walls? A) carrageenan B) lipoteichoic acids C) mycolic acid D) tubulin E) both lipoteichoic and mycolic acids.

Answer: E) both lipoteichoic and mycolic acids

Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called A) pili. B) flagella. C) fimbriae. D) pseudopodia. E) cilia.

Answer: E) cilia

Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acid-fast bacteria? A) N-acetylglucosamine B) peptidoglycan C) lipoteichoic acid D) endotoxin E) mycolic acid

Answer: E) mycolic acid

Using a microscope, you observe an amoeba moving toward a food source. This is an example of A) reproduction. B) cellular structure. C) metabolism. D) growth. E) responsiveness.

Answer: E) responsiveness

Bacterial cell walls that are resistant to drying contain A) carbohydrates. B) amino acids. C) lipopolysaccharide. D) tubulin. E) waxes.

Answer: E) waxes

Archaea are similar to bacteria in having cytoplasmic membrane that are composed of phospholipids and hopanoids. True or False

Answer: FALSE

Chromatin is composed of DNA and special packaging proteins called hopanoids. Trues of False

Answer: FALSE

Peroxisomes contain enzymes used to digest nutrients that have been brought into the cell through phagocytosis. True or False

Answer: FALSE

Fragments of (LPS/NAM/NAG) released from Gram-negative bacteria into the bloodstream produce fever and shock.

Answer: LPS

Bacterial protein synthesis can begin before the reading of the gene is complete. True or False

Answer: TRUE

Chloroplasts use light energy to produce ATP and carbohydrates. True or False

Answer: TRUE

The presence of a glycocalyx contributes to bacteria's ability to cause disease. True or False

Answer: TRUE

A (capsule/slime layer/matrix) is a type of glycocalyx that is firmly attached to the cell.

Answer: capsule

The cell walls of eukaryotes are typically composed of (carbohydrates/peptidoglycan/glycoproteins).

Answer: carbohydrates

The "run" in bacterial motility is the result of (clockwise/counterclockwise/whiplike) rotation of the flagella.

Answer: counterclockwise

Fibrous structures with three "arms" some archaea use for attachment to surfaces are (fimbriae/hami/pili).

Answer: hami

In a(n) (hypertonic/isotonic/hypotonic) solution, an animal cell can gain so much water that it may burst.

Answer: hypotonic

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of (protein/lipid/carbohydrate) synthesis.

Answer: lipid

The semiliquid matrix of the nucleus is called the (cytoplasm/nucleoid/nucleoplasm).

Answer: nucleoplasm

Eukaryotic cells use a process known as (pinocytosis/phagocytosis/exocytosis) to obtain liquids from their environment.

Answer: pinocytosis

A(n) (symport/antiport/uniport) is a carrier protein that transports two substances in the same direction across a membrane.

Answer: symport

The presence of a cell (wall/membrane) enables bacterial and plant cells to resist the effects of hypotonic solutions.

Answer: wall

The accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate inside a bacterial cell via phosphorylation of glucose is an example of A) facilitated diffusion. B) group translocation. C) osmosis. D) plasmolysis.

B) group translocation

Which of the following would NOT be found in an inclusion? starch lipids gases DNA

DNA

When Gram-positive bacteria die, a large amount of lipid A can be released into the immediate environment. True or False

False

In the presence of a favorable stimulus, a bacterium will increase the number of runs and decrease the number of tumbles it performs. True or False

True

The ability of the archaea to llive in extreme enviroments is due in part to their cytoplasmic membrane composition. True or False

True

Endospores are a concern to healthcare workers because they are resistant to treatments that inhibit other microbes. True or False

True

All of the following are differences between bacterial flagella and eukaryotic flagella EXCEPT that __________. eukaryotic flagella are shafts composed of globular protein tubulin arranged to form microtubules, whereas prokaryotic flagella are composed of flagellin eukaryotic flagella are within the cytoplasmic membrane, whereas prokaryotic flagella are not bacterial flagella move in a wave motion, whereas eukaryotic flagella rotate 360° the filaments of the eukaryotic flagella are anchored in the cytoplasm by a basal body, whereas the prokaryotic flagella is anchored to the plasma membrane and cell wall by a basal body

bacterial flagella move in a wave motion, whereas eukaryotic flagella rotate 360°


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