Microbiology ch 1 2 3
What is involved in making a smear? Multiple select question. Applying a liquid suspension to a cover slip Spreading a thin film of suspended cells on a glass slide Staining the slide background and then applying cells Air drying a liquid application on a glass slide
- Air drying a liquid application on a glass slide- Spreading a thin film of suspended cells on a glass slide
Please select examples of ways microbes are involved in the earth's ecosystem Photosynthetic microbes capture energy from organic compounds. Microbes produce "greenhouse gases," such as carbon dioxide and methane which help trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. Microbes break down/decompose molecules in order to release needed chemicals. Microbes make up the structure of higher organisms that exist within the ecosystem. Microbes live within higher organisms and assist these organisms in obtaining nutrients.
. Microbes produce "greenhouse gases," such as carbon dioxide and methane which help trap heat in the earth's atmosphere 2. Microbes break down/decompose molecules in order to release needed chemicals 3. Microbes live within higher organisms and assist these organisms in obtaining nutrients
The numerical aperture in the oil immersion lens is approximately which of the following?
1.25
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about how many infections of all types across the world every year?
10 billion
If the ocular is a 10X lens and the nosepiece objective happens to be a 10X objective, then what is the total magnification?
100X
If the ocular is a 10X lens and the nosepiece objective happens to be a 10X objective, then what is the total magnification? Multiple choice question. 1000x 1X 20X 100X 10X
100X
Magnification of an object or specimen by a compound microscope occurs in how many phases?
2
there are ----different naturally occurring amino acids from which proteins are constructed.
20
Prokaryotic organisms have been around for about how long?
3.5 Billion years
What is the total magnification for a microscope when the ocular is a 10X and you are using the high power objective 40X? Multiple choice question. 4000X 40X 50X 400X 4X
400X
The manipulation of energy by cells requires that they have which of the following?
A supply of atoms that can both gain and lose elections
Please select all of the statements which are TRUE regarding isolated colonies. A. The colony results from a single cell or a cluster of cells multiplying into a visible mass. B. The cells within the colony are all the same species. C. Isolated colonies form on solid nutrient media. D. Isolated colonies form in liquid nutrient media. E. Isolated colonies can only be obtained via the streak plate method.
A. The colony results from a single cell or a cluster of cells multiplying into a visible mass. B. The cells within the colony are all the same species. C. Isolated colonies form on solid nutrient media.
Which of the following are required for proper isolation of microorganisms? Multiple select question. A syringe Agar in a petri dish Inoculation tools Nutrient broth in a tube
Agar in a petri dish Inoculation tools
In a reaction that forms an ionic bond, one atom must have an unfilled outer shell that can accept electrons, while the other atom must have which of the following?
An unfilled outer shell that can donate electrons
Who developed the first single-lens microscope?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
You have just identified a novel microbe that thrives in a swampy region with a large production of marsh (methane) gas. You hypothesize that this microbe belongs to Domain __________ Archaea Eukarya Protista Bacteria
Archaea
How does a bacterial colony appear? Multiple choice question. In a solid lawn of organisms on a solid agar plate Throughout liquid culture As an individual isolate on solid agar
As an individual isolate on solid agar
A ---is a complex network of microbes and their secretions that form in most natural environments.
BIOFILM
Identify the selective agent in MacConkey agar that allows isolation of intestinal pathogens Multiple choice question. Bile salts Acids Antibiotics Mucus
Bile salts
Which is a common component found in feces and, therefore, used in media to selectively culture Gram-negative bacteria? Multiple choice question. Malachite green Vinegar Bile salts Crystal violet
Bile salts
identify the selective agent in MacConkey agar that allows isolation of intestinal pathogens Multiple choice question. Acids Bile salts Mucus Antibiotics
Bile salts
Which tests determine the fundamental chemical characteristics of microbes such as presence of enzymes? Multiple choice question. Biochemical Macroscopic Microscopic Genetic
Biochemical
Which tests determine the fundamental chemical characteristics of microbes such as presence of enzymes? Multiple choice question. Microscopic Macroscopic Genetic Biochemical
Biochemical
___dyes have a positive charge, whereas___dyes have a negative charge.
Blank 1: Cationic or Basic Blank 2: Anionic or Acidic
Humans belong the the Phylum and Class
Blank 1: Chordata or Chordate Blank 2: Mammalia or Mammal
Water can dissociate into positively charged---ions and negatively charged----ions
Blank 1: H+, hydronium, hydrogen, or H Blank 2: OH-, hydroxyl, hydroxide, OH, or OH-
RNA performs each of the following functions except A) provides instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins B) delivers amino acids to the ribosome for assembly into proteins C) serves as the primary storage molecule for the genetic information of the cell D) serves as a major component of ribosomes
C) serves as the primary storage molecule for the genetic information of the cell
Which of the following are examples of inorganic compounds?
CO2 Mg3(PO4)2 KCl H2O2
bond is the result of two atoms sharing electrons to complete their outer orbitals.
COVALENT
Which of the following are characteristics of an enriched medium? Multiple select question. May contain special growth factors Its components are always chemically defined Contains antibiotics to assist in keeping cultures pure Can be used to aid in the growth of fastidious organisms May contain organic substances such as blood, serum or hemoglobin
Can be used to aid in the growth of fastidious organisms May contain organic substances such as blood, serum or hemoglobin May contain special growth factors
How much resolution can an electron microscope obtain (i.e. what can we see with this microscope)? Can see structures as small as 0.5 nm Can see structures as small as 100 nm Can see structures as small as 0.5 mm Dark-field microscopes can magnify better.
Can see structures as small as 0.5 nm
Which class of biochemicals resembles combinations of carbon and water?
Carbohydrates
Which macromolecules consist primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio?
Carbohydrates
Which of the following pairs are correct? Multiple select question. Cationic dyes = Acidic dyes Anionic dyes = Basic dyes Cationic dyes = Basic dyes Anionic dyes = Acidic dyes
Cationic dyes = Basic dyes Anionic dyes = Acidic dyes
Negative staining of a cell can yield results concerning which of the following? Multiple select question. Cell size The presence of a capsule Cell shape and arrangement The presence of flagella The type of cell wall
Cell size The presence of a capsule Cell shape and arrangement
Identify two liquids that lipids will dissolve in.
Chloroform Benzene
To be effective, a microscope must have which of the following characteristics
Clarity of image Adequate magnification Resolution
---are large masses or mounds of cells, all belonging to a single type of microorganism.
Colony
Which of the following is the defining difference between compound microscopes and simple microscopes?
Compound microscopes have multiple lenses.
Which of the following microscope components is used to converge (or focus) the rays of light to a single point on the specimen?
Condenser
Which of the following microscopes uses a laser beam? Confocal Interference Fluorescence Bright-field
Confocal
a culture that contains one or more unwanted and often unidentified microbes
Contaminated
Which of the following terms is used to describe a collection of bacteria growing in broth or on agar? Multiple choice question. Fastidious Colony Growth Culture
Culture
Which of the following terms is used to describe a collection of bacteria growing in broth or on agar? Multiple choice question. Fastidious Culture Growth Colony
Culture
The programming code in all cells and many viruses is in the form of which of the following?
DNA
is the molecule that carries the special code for an organism's heredity.
DNA
Please select characteristics exhibited by prokaryotes to test your understanding of the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
DNA Ribosomes Cell wall
Functional groups can play a role in which of the following types of reactions?
Decomposition Transfer Synthesis
Which of the following is described as a medium which has known quantities of every ingredient within it? Multiple select question. Complex Defined Synthetic Undefined
Defined Synthetic
Media that allows the growth of multiple types of microbes but are designed to distinguish characteristics among members of the culture are called which of the following? Multiple choice question. Special media Specific media Differential media Selective media
Differential media
Which of the following is a medium that works by showing two reaction types, such as a color change in some colonies but not in others? Multiple choice question. Minimal medium Differential medium Enriched medium Selective medium
Differential medium
Which of the following staining procedures employ both a primary dye and a counterstain? Multiple choice question. Capsule stain Differential stain Simple stain
Differential stain
Identify disadvantages of wet mount preparations. Multiple select question. Easy contamination of handler's fingers Dyes easily transferred to handler's fingers. Slide very susceptible to drying Living cells cannot be visualized with wet mounts. Damage to large cells by cover glass
Easy contamination of handler's fingers Slide very susceptible to drying Damage to large cells by cover glass
The metabolic work of cells revolves around which of the following?
Energy exchanges and transfers
dentify a medium which contains complex organic substances and/or special growth factors which allows even fastidious organisms to thrive. Multiple choice question. Selective medium General medium Enriched medium
Enriched medium
Which cell type is generally larger in size?
Eukaryotic cells
The Lake Whillans team would have likely classified any newly discovered viruses into the Domain Eukarya.
False
True or false: Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) is typically used to grow Gram-negative bacteria.
False
Which scientist discovered heat-resistant endospores?
Ferdinand Cohn
Which of the following is an optical microscope that uses UV radiation as the illuminating source?
Fluorescence
Which chemicals are used to fix microbial cells? Water Sodium Formalin Alcohol Chloride
Formalin Alcohol
which type of organism can derive all of the nutrients and factors it requires from the environment in order to reproduce?
Free-living organism
Which were some of the first organisms genetically engineered?
Fungi Bacteria
Designing microbes to produce human hormones or natural pesticides are examples of _______, and rely on ______technology to alter the DNA of the host organism.
Genetic engineering recombinant DNA
The subunits of carbohydrate polymers are held together by which type of bond?
Glycosidic bond
Which of the following is an organic compound, such as a vitamin or amino acid, that must be provided in the diet to facilitate survival of certain bacteria. Multiple choice question. Mineral Glucose Dye Growth factor
Growth factor
Which group of microorganisms includes the parasitic worms?
Helminths
Humans and apes belong to the Family
Hominidae
Which of the following determines the type of microbe at the species level? Multiple choice question. Incubation Isolation Infection Identification Inspection
Identification
Which of the following determines the type of microbe at the species level? Multiple choice question. Incubation Isolation Inspection Identification Infection
Identification
Which of the following determines the type of microbe at the species level? Multiple choice question. Isolation Incubation Inspection Identification Infection
Identification
A scientist observes that all people who contract a painful skin rash known as shingles have previously in their lifetime been infected with chicken pox. He theorizes that the virus that causes chicken pox is the same virus that causes shingles. What type of reasoning is being displayed in this case?
Inductive reasoning
It is observed that several family members have a blood condition called hemophilia. This may lead to the general idea that this condition is inheritable. This is an example of which of the following?
Inductive reasoning
____diseases, caused by microorganisms, are among the most common causes of death in much of the world's population.
Infectious
Which of the following six "I'"s deals with the evaluation of cultures both macroscopically and microscopically? Incubation Identification Inspection Inoculation Isolation
Inspection
Which of the following are part of the six basic techniques used to grow, examine and manipulate microorganisms in the laboratory? Inspection Infection Interrogation Isolation Inoculation
Inspection, isolation, and inoculation
Which of the following is the aqueous dissociation of an electrolyte into ions, or the breaking of ionic bonds between two atoms?
Ionization
is the dissociation of a compound into separate charged particles called ions.
Ionization
Which describes any technique that results in individual bacteria separate from others? Multiple choice question. Inoculation Infection Incubation Isolation
Isolation
Which describes a good hypothesis?
It must be able to be supported or rejected by experimentation.
Glycosidic bonds would be present in which of the following sugars?
Lactose Maltose Sucrose
The formal system of organizing, classifying, and naming living things was started by which of the following scientists?
Linnaeus
The cell wall of gram negative bacteria contains which of the following?
Lipopolysaccharide
Identify all the correct answers associated with liquid media. Multiple select question. Liquid media are also called "broths" Liquid media allows for the production of individual colonies. A slightly viscous liquid medium can be used to better understand the oxygen demands of microorganisms Liquid media typically affords greater microorganism growth.
Liquid media are also called "broths" A slightly viscous liquid medium can be used to better understand the oxygen demands of microorganisms Liquid media typically affords greater microorganism growth.
Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms?
Lister
A wet mount is suitable for observing which of the following? Multiple choice question. Living, motile or non-motile cells Dry, motile or non-motile cells Stained, motile or non-motile cells
Living, motile or non-motile cells
Which of the following diseases have emerged due to human encroaching into new territory and wild habitats?
Lyme disease Ebola fever Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
Which of the following is a vital characteristic of a reliable microscope? A UV light source Image software Magnification
Magnification
Identify the simple stain(s). Multiple select question. Methylene blue Crystal violet Gram stain Malachite green
Methylene blue Crystal violet Malachite green
Please choose the statement which best explains the significance of microorganisms not being culturable. Microbes that cannot be cultured are not alive, and therefore, have no significance in human health and disease. There are no current methods for studying organisms which cannot be cultured. Microbes that cannot be cultured at this time will most likely never be cultured in the laboratory setting. Microbes that cannot be cultured may be the cause of diseases which are now considered noninfectious.
Microbes that cannot be cultured may be the cause of diseases which are now considered noninfectious.
a culture that contains two or more species which can be easily differentiated
Mixed culture
a-----is a distinct chemical substance that results from the combination of two or more atoms.
Molecule
Which of the following is absolutely true for all viruses? Multiple choice question. Must grow in or on living cells Must be airborne Must be resistant to light
Must grow in or on living cells
--------staining is a general type of staining that does not disrupt the cell structure with heat fixation and can indicate the presence of a capsule.
Negative
When water dissociates, what charge does the hydroxide ion have?
Negative
Which of the following staining procedures produces a reverse image of that created by a positive stain, thus forming a silhouette around the microorganism's outer boundary? Multiple choice question. Gram stain Simple stain Negative stain Differential stain
Negative stain
When pure water has equal amounts of H+ and OH- what type of solution is formed?
Neutral
__ __is a mathematical constant derived from the physical structure of the lens of a microscope.
Numerical aperture
Which of the following are criteria for the Whittaker system to classify organisms?
Nutritional type Structure Cell type Body organization
Cholesterol is a steroid that has which additional functional group?
OH
Fluid thioglycollate is a slightly viscous broth used to determine patterns of microbial growth in which gas? Multiple choice question. Carbon dioxide Hydrogen Oxygen Hydrogen sulfide
Oxygen
Fluid thioglycollate is a slightly viscous broth used to determine patterns of microbial growth in which gas? Multiple choice question. Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Carbon dioxide Oxygen Nitrogen
Oxygen
performed an experiment to discount the idea of spontaneous generation
Pasteur
Which of the following are components of a phospholipid?
Phosphate group Fatty acids Glycerol
Which of the following structural components is not found in both triglycerides and phospholipids?
Phosphate groups
Heat fixing a sample in microscopy is done for which purpose? Multiple select question. Preserving various cellular components in a natural state Simultaneously killing and securing the sample to the slide Highlighting cell structure for observation Drying the liquid used to make the smear Making a more permanent mount for long-term study
Preserving various cellular components in a natural state Simultaneously killing and securing the sample to the slide Making a more permanent mount for long-term study
Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryotic
Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including which of the following?
Protozoa Helminths Bacteria Fungi Viruses
are the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.
Protozoa, Protists, or Protozoans
is the study of protozoa.
Protozoology
the type of culture most frequently used in the laboratory which contains only a single species of microbe
Pure culture
Which of the following programming codes can be found in viruses?
RNA alone DNA alone
technology is used to switch genetic material from one organism to another in order to produce desirable proteins.
Recombinant DNA
Which of the following ingredients makes Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) selective for Staphylococcus species? Multiple choice question. Agar Mannitol Crystal violet Salt
Salt
Which of the following is not true for viruses? Multiple choice question. Some viruses can be grown in chicken eggs Cannot replicate on their own Some viruses can be grown in nutrient agar Must grow within a cell
Some viruses can be grown in nutrient agar
MRSA is a drug-resistant strain of which of the following bacteria?
Staphylococcus aureus
environment is free of actively growing cells, microorganisms, viruses or endospores.
Sterile
Identify the method of spreading a small culture sample over a solid medium in a pattern that gradually thins out the sample resulting in isolated colonies. Multiple choice question. Inoculation plate method Spread plate method Streak plate method Loop dilution/pour plate method
Streak plate method
The type of mount in which a specimen is prepared for optical microscopy is dependent upon which of the following? Multiple select question. Whether the microbe is pathogenic or not The condition of the specimen The aims of the examiner The number of microbes present The type of microscopy available
The condition of the specimen The aims of the examiner The type of microscopy available
Following binomial nomenclature, which of the following makes up the scientific name of an organism?
The genus name and then the species name
The streak plate technique works by using an inoculating loop to spread a bacterial sample in a pattern that thins it out but this only works if which of the following is done? Multiple choice question. The inoculating loop is re-sterilized at each thinning step of the pattern. The inoculating loop is sterilized only at the beginning of the pattern. The culture is pure to begin with. There is a new diluted sample added at each step.
The inoculating loop is re-sterilized at each thinning step of the pattern.
An element's chemical properties and reactivity are based on which of the following?
The number of electrons in the outermost orbital
please select all of the following that are correct to test your understanding of resolution and resolving power. Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two adjacent objects The resolution of a microscope depends on the wavelength of light used. Increased resolution is obtained by increasing the wavelength of light used. The resolving power of a microscope depends on the numerical aperture of the lenses. Increasing magnification of an image will also increase the resolving power.
The resolution of a microscope depends on the wavelength of light used. The resolving power of a microscope depends on the numerical aperture of the lenses. Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two adjacent objects.
ATP and GTP give off energy when the bond is broken between which of the following?
The second and third phosphate groups
General-purpose media are characterized by which of the following? Multiple choice question. They allow the growth of a broad range of microbes. They are synthetic and chemically definable. They contain only one nonsynthetic nutrient.
They allow the growth of a broad range of microbes.
hich of the following describes general-purpose media? Multiple select question. They include nutrient agar and broth. They are usually nonsynthetic. They include Mannitol salt and MacConkey agar. They grow a broad spectrum of microbes.term-174 They usually contain a mixture of nutrients. They are usually chemically defined synthetic media.
They grow a broad spectrum of microbes. They are usually nonsynthetic. They usually contain a mixture of nutrients. They include nutrient agar and broth.
Which describes fastidious organisms? Multiple choice question. They grow on minimal media. They require growth factors and/or complex nutrients. They require simple nutrients when grown in culture.
They require growth factors and/or complex nutrients.
Which of the following is defined as the magnification of the ocular lens times the magnification of the objective lens?
Total magnification
Functional groups can play a role in which of the following types of reactions?
Transfer Synthesis Decomposition
True or false: Liquid media can be used to better understand the oxygen demands of a microorganism. True false question.TrueFalse
True
Identify all the benefits of using solid agar compared to using liquid media.. Multiple select question. Useful for isolating bacteria Solid agar allows greater growth of microorganisms. Provides a firm surface on which cells can form discrete colonies Useful for isolating fungi
Useful for isolating fungi Useful for isolating bacteria Provides a firm surface on which cells can form discrete colonies
Check all the statements that are true about chemical bonds. Valence is the capacity of an atom for making a chemical bond. Valence is the capacity of an atom for making a chemical bond. An atom's valence is determined by the number of neutrons it has to lose or share. The type of bond an atom can form is dictated by the valence electrons. Elements with filled outer orbitals are highly reactive with other atoms Elements with partially filled outer orbitals are unstable.
Valence is the capacity of an atom for making a chemical bond. The type of bond an atom can form is dictated by the valence electrons. .Elements with partially filled outer orbitals are unstable.
Why is identification of bacteria on the macroscopic appearance limited? Multiple choice question. Bacterial growth is rarely visible on a macroscopic level. Many bacteria will carry out the same biological reactions. Very different species of bacteria may appear quite similar.
Very different species of bacteria may appear quite similar.
Why is identification of bacteria on the macroscopic appearance limited? Multiple choice question. Many bacteria will carry out the same biological reactions. Very different species of bacteria may appear quite similar. Bacterial growth is rarely visible on a macroscopic level.
Very different species of bacteria may appear quite similar.
is the study of viruses.
Virology
What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?
Virus
Which of the following is not able to replicate on its own?
Virus
Which are the most common microbes on earth?
Viruses
Using the __________ system, kingdoms are grouped based on cell structure and type, while the __________ system groups major taxonomic groups into three major domains.
Whittaker Woese-Fox
Which of the following diseases are spread by the Aedes mosquito?
Zika Chikungunya Dengue
The genes discovered by Pitch Lake team can ultimately benefit mankind by: giving science a greater understanding of microbial genomes providing new products providing new energy sources all are correct
all are correct
Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types?
bacteria
_____??___and _____??___ are microbes that live in complex associations with plants to assist them in obtaining water and nutrients.
bacteria fungi
The major types of microorganisms or agents include which of the following?
bacteria, Algae Protozoa Viruses Fungi
The study of small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms is called
bacteriology
-----system of nomenclature, organisms are assigned and identified by a two-word name representing the genus and species names.
binomial
is a complex network of microbes and their secretions that form in most natural environments.
biofilm
The most widely used type of light microscope is the dark-field microscope phase-contrast microscope fluorescence microscope bright-field microscope confocal microscope.
bright-field microscope
Please select all of the elements that are major elements of life. carbon hydrogen helium nitrogen
carbon hydrogen nitrogen
Which of the following is a substance that alters the rate of a reaction without being consumed or permanently changed by the reaction?
catalyst
Ionic bonds form between atoms with complementary
charges
Grouping organisms based on their evolutionary relationships is the process of __________, which is part of taxonomy.
classification
In the chemical reaction, 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl, the "2" in front of Na is called the
coefficient
-------that contains two or more different elements.
compound
---is a molecule that contains two or more different elements.
compound
The condenser converges (focuses) light to a single point on the specimen in a
compound microscope.
a diatomic element has a negative charge.occurs when an oxygen atom binds to a hydrogen atom. consists of two atoms of the same element held together by a chemical bond. has extra protons or neutrons within its nucleus.
consists of two atoms of the same element held together by a chemical bond.
to cultivate (verb) or observable growth (noun)
culture
Which of the following microscopes uses subatomic particles, not light waves, as an illumination source to provide high magnification and high resolution? Multiple choice question. Dark-field Confocal Electron Fluorescence Differential interference
electron
A(n) __________ disease is a new disease being reported in increasing numbers within the population while a(n) __________ disease is a disease which has existed in the past but is currently seeing increasing numbers of cases."
emerging; re-emerging
Since the initial emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), this disease has spread across the world. This type of spread is known as a __________.
epidemic
Thinking of the two major cell types in the world: ___????___cells contain organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. However, these organelles are not found in _??___cells.
eukaryotic Prokaryotic
True or false: All specimens are prepared in the same manner for microscopic examination.
false
True or false: Protons found in a hydrogen atom are different in structure from protons found in an oxygen atom.
false
True or false: RNA contains a special coded genetic program responsible for each organism's heredity.
false
a chemical --- express chemical exchanges between atoms or molecules.
formula
Which of the following groups are accessory molecules that help define the chemical class of organic molecules?
functional
are heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.
fungi
Nutrient agar is a microbiological growth medium designed to grow a wide variety of bacterial species. The medium contains beef extract, a mix of naturally occuring proteins, sodium chloride, and 1.5% agar. This medium is classified as a general purpose, defined, solid medium. selective, defined, liquid medium. general purpose, complex, solid medium. general purpose, complex, liquid medium. selective, defined, solid medium.
general purpose, complex, solid medium. Nutrient agar containing beef extract, naturally occurring proteins, sodium chloride and agar is used as a general purpose media which is suitable for growth of a variety of microorganism. As natural components are present in this media, nutrient agar is not a chemically defined medium. All the metabolites are present in undefined composition hence, this is a complex media. Agar is one of the component of nutrient media. Agar is known for solidification of the nutrient media. Hence, nutrient agar is a solid media.
refers to a parasitic invertebrate such as a worm.
helminth
When NaCl crystals are added to water, the Na+ and Cl- are released into solution. Each ion becomes ,_____ which means that it is surrounded by a sphere of water molecules.
hydrated
Which type of bond holds the two strands of the DNA double helix together?
hydrogen
Please select all of the functional groups that are found in a typical carbohydrate. Check All That hydroxyl amine carbonyl phosphate
hydroxyl carbonyl
A(----Incorrect Unavailable is a tentative explanation of an observation.
hypothesis
Microorganisms called psychrophiles will grow only at low temperatures (at or near 0°C). This restriction on a microbes growth would most directly impact isolation inspection incubation identification.
incubation
with ---reasoning, one applies specific observations to develop a general explanation.
inductive
process of adding a microbe to a growth material
inoculation
Chemicals that do not contain both carbon and hydrogen are classified as
inorganic
In the Whittaker system, organisms were divided into one of five
kingdom
developed a series of proofs to link a microbe with a disease
koch
Select the attributes that would lead to the highest resolution. light of longer (~750 nm) wavelength light of shorter (~400 nm) wavelength lens with higher numerical aperture lens with lower numerical aperture
light of shorter (~400 nm) wavelength
is a type of molecule that is not soluble in polar solvents, such as water, but will dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
lipid
Which of the following macromolecules is not formed by polymerization?Which of the following macromolecules is not formed by polymerization?
lipids
Gram-negative bacteria contain a cell wall component composed of lipids and polysaccharide called-----that is responsible for symptoms such as fever and shock.
lipopolysaccharide
s the ability of a microscope to make objects appear enlarged.
magnification
The ability to make objects appear larger in order to view them is known as __________ while being able to see detail and distinguish between two separate objects is known as __________.
magnification; resolution
The organization of life----begins with individual building blocks called atoms.
matter
The organization of---begins with individual building blocks called atoms.
matter
the material that provides the nutrients for growth
medium
Different types of culture ----provide nutrients for microbial growth.
medium or media
is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.
microbiology
The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is ______ and most viruses is ______
micrometers; nanometers
is the study of fungi
mycology
When water dissociates, what charge does the hydroxide ion have?
negative
An electron particle-------is a specific volume of 3-dimensional space in which an electron is likely to be found.
orbital or cloud
While the vast majority of microorganisms are not harmful to humans, those that are are referred to as bacteria pathogens symbionts fungi.
pathogens
oseph Lister typically used the disinfectant,----- prior to performing surgery.
phenol or carbolic acid
Energy is released when the bond breaks between two___groups in ATP.
phosphate
When water dissociates, what charge does the hydrogen ion have?
positive
staining involves any staining technique in which the dye actually sticks to the specimen and gives it color.
positive
Basic dyes are characterized by a _____charged chromophore, while acidic dyes have a _____charged chromophore. Bacteria tend to attract_____ dyes and repel _____dyes.
positive Negative Basic Acdic
Which structure in a polypeptide gives rise to the unlimited diversity in protein form and function?
primary
The specific sequence of amino acids that makes up the polypeptide chain constitutes a protein's
primary structure
The substances that result from the reaction of chemicals together are known as which of the following?
products
The atomic number of an element represents the number of which subatomic particles in the nucleus?
protons
Which of the following does not change in an element?
protons
Gram-positive bacteria exhibit which color after the Gram stain? Multiple choice question. Green Purple Pink Blue
purple
What color do Gram-negative bacteria exhibit after Gram staining? Multiple choice question. Blue Red Purple Green
red
What color do Gram-negative bacteria exhibit after Gram staining? Multiple choice question. Purple Red Blue Green
red
Near the end of the 20th century, in many parts of the world malaria had been brought under control through the judicious use of anti-malarial drugs along with pesticides that kill mosquitos (which can spread the disease). Recently, as the malarial parasite has gained resistance to certain classes of drugs, and mosquitoes have become immune to some insecticides, rates of malaria have increased, leading to the diseases __________. disappearance emergence reemergence
reemergence
power is the ability of a microscope to show detail.
resolving or resolution
To obtain a three-dimensional view of the surface of a protozoan parasite with a total magnification of 10,000x, the best instrument to use would be a confocal microscope. transmission electron microscope. phase-contrast microscope. scanning electron microscope.
scanning electron microscope.
Charles Darwin labeled the process of evolution as natural_____
selection
Please select all of the following which are functions of carbohydrates. Check All That Apply serve as a structural component of cells serve as biological catalysts or enzymes to speed up reactions function as antibodies to provide immunity carry the genetic information of a cell provide nutrients and energy to the cell
serve as a structural component of cells provide nutrients and energy to the cell
Electrons occupy energy ----which proceed from the lower-energy electrons nearest the nucleus to the higher-energy
shells
The first microscopes were _______ meaning they contained just one magnifying lens and few working parts.
simple
A collection of bacteria on a loop which is thinly spread across a glass slide, allowed to air-dry, and heat fixed is called a
smear
At room temperature, agar will always be which of the following? Multiple choice question. Solid Liquid Selective
solid
A substance that is uniformly dispersed in a dissolving medium or solvent is called
solute
A solution is a mixture of one or more substances called ---uniformly dissolved in a------
solute solvent
Which is a mixture of one or more substances called solutes uniformly dispersed in a dissolving medium?
solution
Which of the following are complex ringed compounds commonly found in cell membranes and animal hormones?
steriods
a second-level culture where an isolated colony from one culture is taken and transferred into a new medium
subculture
Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to so many antibiotics that it has become known as
superbug
Another name for chemically defined media is called
synthetic
Please choose the term that describes the system of arranging and naming organisms. classification identification nomenclature taxonomy hierarchy
taxonomy
is the science of organizing, classifying and naming living things.
taxonomy
Which of the following is an explanation of the natural world that has been repeatedly tested and verified using the scientific method?
theory
In double stranded DNA, adenine would be hydrogen bonded t
thymine or t
True or false: When writing a binomial name, the initial letter of the genus is capitalized and the species is in lower case.
true
What type of media would be the best choice for isolating a bacterial colony? trypticase soy broth motility media nutrient broth trypticase soy agar
trypticase soy agar
found everywhere
ubiquitous
Which of the following terms refers to the ability or capacity of an atom to make bonds? bondability polarity diatomic valence electronegative
valence
