Midterm Questions

Pterion is an area on the side of the skull where the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones are close together. Lambda is an area where the occipital, temporal, and parietal bones all articulate. a. both are true b. first is true, second is false c. first is false, second is true d. both are false

-first statement is true, the second statement is false -lambda = occipital and parietal

Which of the following is/are a branch of the external carotid artery? A) the superior thyroid artery. B) the facial artery. C) the dorsal nasal artery. D) only A & B. E) A, B, and C.

A) Superior Thyroid Artery

Within the infratemporal fossa, the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves pass between the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles. The long buccal nerve passes between the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

A. Both statements are true.

Removal of the parotid gland can result in paralysis to the muscles of facial expression because CN VII innervates these muscles and passes through the gland. A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but not related. C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not. D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

Which of the following statements concerning the emissary veins is FALSE? A. emissary veins do not connect dural sinuses with veins outside of cranial cavity. B. emissary veins in general lack functional valves that direct the flow of venous blood. C. emissary veins pass through various openings in the skull. D. emissary veins can allow infections to pass from extracranial to intracranial sites. E. an emissary vein passes through the foramen of Vesalius, when the foramen is present.

A. emissary veins do not connect dural sinuses with veins outside of cranial cavity. -they do connect dural sinuses with veins outside of cranial cavity

Which of the following is a parasympathetic ganglion? A. the otic ganglion. B. the cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion. C. the dorsal root (spinal) ganglion. D. only A and B. E. A, B, and C.

A. the otic ganglion.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the supraclavicular nerves are efferent nerves derived from the ventral rami of C2 and C3. B. both the phrenic nerve and the subclavian vein pass anterior to the anterior scalene muscle. C. the superior and middle thyroid veins drain into the internal jugular vein. D. the thyrohyoid muscle is innervated by a branch from the ventral ramus of the first cervical spinal nerve (C1). E. the carotid sheath extends from the base of the skull to the arch of the aorta.

A. the supraclavicular nerves are efferent nerves derived from the ventral rami of C2 and C3. -derived from C3 and C4

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the thoracic duct empties into the venous system at the junction of the right internal jugular vein and the right subclavian vein. B. both the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery pass through the interscalene triangle. C. the brachiocephalic trunk (artery) divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery posterior to the right sternoclavicular joint. D. the contents of the carotid sheath include the CN X, the internal jugular vein and the common carotid artery. E. the vertebral artery is a direct branch of the subclavian artery.

A. the thoracic duct empties into the venous system at the junction of the right internal jugular vein and the right subclavian vein.

Which of the following are located in the middle cranial fossa? A) the inferior orbital fissure. B) foramen lacerum. C) the internal acoustic meatus. D) only A & B. E) A, B, and C.

B) foramen lacerum. -Interior Orbital Fissure = Anterior Cranial Fossa -Internal Accoustic Meatus = Posterior Triangle Fossa

Which of the following dural venous sinuses drain directly into, or away from, the confluence of sinuses? A) the cavernous sinus. B) the occipital sinus. C) the inferior sagittal sinus. D) only A & B. E) A, B, and C.

B) the occipital sinus.

CSF is produced by the choroid plexus. The choroid plexuses are located within the subarachnoid space. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false

In synovial joints the articular ends of bones are covered by hyaline cartilage. Synovial joints lack a capsule. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.

In the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) gliding movement occurs in the upper compartment. Gliding movement occurs in the lower compartment of the TMJ. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.

The external jugular vein lies superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The external jugular vein is formed by the maxillary vein and the anterior division of the retromandibular vein. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. -External Jugular Vein is formed by Posterior Retromandibular and Posterior Auricular

Foramen spinosum opens into the infratemporal fossa. Foramen ovale opens into the pterygopalatine fossa. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. -Ovale connects infratemporal fossa to middle cranial fossa -Spinosum connects infratemporal fossa to middle cranial fossa

Damage to the zygomatic nerve may affect the ability of the lacrimal gland to produce tears. Preganglionic parasympathetics travel with a branch of the zygomatic nerve. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. -They travel with V2 to Pterygopalatine Ganglion and target Lacrimal Glands in order to produce tears

Which of the following muscles has a partial insertion into the articular disc (meniscus) of the temporomandibular joint? A. temporalis. B. lateral pterygoid. C. masseter. D. medial pterygoid. E. digastric (posterior belly).

B. lateral pterygoid.

The nerve supplying efferent fibers to the muscles of facial expression exits the skull through which of the following foramina? A. spinosum. B. stylomastoid. C. rotundum. D. infraorbital. E. lacerum.

B. stylomastoid -Or Internal Accoustic Meatus

With which of the following do the occipital condyles articulate? A. the sphenoid bone. B. the altas (C1). C. the axis (C2). D. the temporal bone. E. the parietal bone.

B. the altas (C1).

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the nerve to the lateral pterygoid muscle is a branch of the anterior division of V3 (mandibular nerve). B. the deep auricular artery enters the skull through the petrotympanic fissure. C. the styloid process is a posterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa. D. the masseteric nerve reaches the masseter muscle by passing laterally through the mandibular notch. E. the temporal fascia attaches to the superior temporal line.

B. the deep auricular artery enters the skull through the petrotympanic fissure. -may go through in Mastoid Canciculis??

Which of the following ligaments connect the lamina of adjacent vertebrae? A. the anterior longitudinal ligament. B. the ligamentum flavum. C. the ligamentum nuchae. D. only A and B. E. A, B, and C.

B. the ligamentum flavum

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the facial nerve (CN VII) provides the motor supply to muscles derived from the 2nd branchial arch. B. the orbicularis oculi opens (dilates) the palpebral fissure. C. the superior and inferior labial arteries are branches of the facial artery. D. the sensory supply to the upper lip is from a branch of the infraorbital nerve. E. the deep facial vein connects the facial vein with the pterygoid plexus of veins.

B. the orbicularis oculi opens (dilates) the palpebral fissure.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the pterygomandibular space is located between the lateral border of the medial pterygoid muscle and the medial side of the ramus of the mandible. B. the pterygomandibular raphe has attachments on the lateral pterygoid plate and the mandible. C. the parotid gland is partially located posterior to the pterygomandibular space. D. both the external carotid artery and the facial nerve enter into the parotid gland. E. the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves are located in the pterygomandibular space.

B. the pterygomandibular raphe has attachments on the lateral pterygoid plate and the mandible.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves. B. there are 8 cervical vertebrae and only 7 pairs of cervical spinal nerves C. the cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic fibers are located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord. D. the ventral and dorsal rami of spinal nerves carry both motor and sensory fibers. E. the vertebral arteries enter the skull through the foramen magnum.

B. there are 8 cervical vertebrae and only 7 pairs of cervical spinal nerves

The face does not receive a blood supply from branches derived from the internal carotid artery. The face receives blood from branches of the external carotid artery. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

The roots of the brachial plexus are from the posterior rami of C1-C4. The roots of the brachial plexus form the superior, middle and inferior trunks. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

The innervation for the mandibular dentition passes through the pterygopalatine fossa. The blood supply for maxillary dentition passes through the pterygopalatine fossa. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. -Innervation for Mandibular Dentition (CNV3) goes through Foramen Ovale

Which of the flowing statements is FALSE? A. foramen spinosum and foramen ovale are located in the middle cranial fossa. B. the jugular foramen and foramen magnum are located in the posterior cranial fossa. C. crista galli and the cribiform plate are located in the middle cranial fossa. D. foramen rotundum and the hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve are located in the middle cranial fossa. E. the superior orbital fissure and the pituitary fossa are located in the middle cranial fossa.

C. crista galli and the cribiform plate are located in the middle cranial fossa. -Cribiform Plate= above Ethmoid= Anterior Cranial Fossa

Which of the following muscles is a constrictor of the oral fissure? A. depressor labii inferioris. B. levator labii superioris. C. orbicularis oris. D. only depressor labii inferioris and levator labii superioris. E. depressor labi inferioris, levator labii superioris, and orbicularis oculi.

C. orbicularis oris. -in lips and circles the mouth

Which of the following cranial nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers out of the brain? A) CN III. B) CN IV. C) CN V. D) only A & B. E) A, B, and C.

CN III = Oculomotor

A branch of CN VII carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the ciliary ganglion. Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ciliary ganglion innervate the lacrimal gland. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

D. Both statements are false. -Preganglionic go to Ciliary Ganglion in order to synapse -postganglionic from the ciliary ganglion go to ciliary muscle

In the neck, which of the following arteries is/are direct branches of the facial artery? A. glandular. B. tonsillar. C. ascending pharyngeal. D. only glandular and tonsillar. E. ascending pharyngeal, tonsillar, and glandular.

D. only glandular and tonsillar. -Submental and Ascending PALATINE are the others we need to know

Which of the following arteries is/are branches of the 1st part (bony part) of the maxillary artery? A. the deep auricular. B. the accessory meningeal. C. the deep temporal. D. only the deep auricular and the accessory meningeal. E. the deep auricular, the accessory meningeal, and the deep temporal.

D. only the deep auricular and the accessory meningeal.

Which of the following muscles receives efferent fibers from CN XI? A. geniohyoid. B. stylohyoid. C. sternohyoid. D. sternocleidomastoid. E. thyrohyoid.

D. sternocleidomastoid.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the anterior and middle scalene muscles have an inferior (caudal) attachment to the 1st rib. B. the platysma muscle is the most superficial muscle in the anterior neck. C. the anterior digastric muscle is innervated by the nerve to the mylohyoid. D. the geniohyoid muscle is located in the neck, inferior to the mylohyoid muscle. E. the right and left brachiocephalic veins join to form the superior vena cava.

D. the geniohyoid muscle is located in the neck, inferior to the mylohyoid muscle. -Geniohyoid is superior to Mylohyoid which is superior to Anterior Digastric

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the auriculotemporal and masseteric nerves supply the temporomandibular joint. B. the temporalis muscle both elevates and retrudes the mandible. C. the muscles of mastication are all derived from the 1st branchial arch. D. the superficial (external) head of the medial pterygoid muscle arises from the infratemporal crest of the sphenoid. E. the inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of the posterior division of V3 (mandibular nerve).

D. the superficial (external) head of the medial pterygoid muscle arises from the infratemporal crest of the sphenoid. -found on the lateral head of the sphenoid -Pterygoid Muscles= jaw muscles

Which of the following is parasympathetic nucleus? A. the inferior salivatory nucleus. B. the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. C. the superior salivatory nucleus. D. only A and B. E. A, B, and C.

E. A, B, and C.

With which of the following does the pterygoid plexus of veins communicate? A. the pharyngeal venous plexus. B. the deep facial vein. C. the maxillary vein. D. only A and B. E. A, B, and C.

E. A, B, and C.

Which of the following muscles has a partial insertion into the articular disc (meniscus) of the temporomandibular joint? A. temporalis. B. masseter. C. medial pterygoid. D. digastric (posterior belly). E. lateral pterygoid.

E. lateral pterygoid.

Which of the following ganglia is/are associated with the autonomic supply to the superior labial glands? A. otic ganglion. B. pterygopalatine ganglion. C. superior cervical ganglion. D. otic ganglion and superior cervical ganglion. E. pterygopalatine ganglion and superior cervical ganglion.

E. pterygopalatine ganglion and superior cervical ganglion.

Which of the following nerves carry postganglionic parasympathetic "hitch-hiking" fibers? A. the auriculotemporal nerve. B. the lingual nerve. C. the lacrimal nerve. D. only the auriculotemporal nerve and the lingual nerve. E. the auriculotemporal nerve, the lingual nerve, and the lacrimal nerve.

E. the auriculotemporal nerve, the lingual nerve, and the lacrimal nerve.

Which of the following structures is NOT found within the infratemporal fossa? A. the middle meningeal artery. B. the lesser petrosal nerve. C. the chorda tympani. D. the otic ganglion. E. the greater petrosal nerve.

E. the greater petrosal nerve. -Found in Foramen Lacerum

Which of the following dural venous sinuses is located in the inferior (non-attached) border of the falx cerebri? A. the sigmoid sinus. B. the occipital sinus. C. the transverse sinus. D. the straight sinus. E. the inferior sagittal sinus.

E. the inferior sagittal sinus.

All of the following structures EXCEPT one are found in the posterior triangle. What is the EXCEPTION? A. the suprascapular artery. B. the accessory nerve. C. inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle. D. the brachial plexus (the trunks). E. the submandibular gland.

E. the submandibular gland. -Anterior Triangles= Submandibular, Muscular, Submental, Carotid -Posterior Triangles= Occipital, Supraclavicular

A condyle is a smooth rounded projection on a bone that articulates with a complementary region on another bone. A fossa is a depression in bone. a. both statments are true b. first is true, second is false c. first is false, second is true d. both are false

a. both are true

The maxilla and the palatine bones form the hard palate. The greater palatine foramen is found in the palatine bone. a. both are true b. first is true, second is false c. first is false, second is true d. both are false

a. both are true

The cervical and lumbar curvatures of the vertebral column are secondary curvatures. Secondary curvatures develop postnatally. a. both are true b. first is true, second is false c. first is false, second is true d. both are false

a. both statements are true

A lesion of the primary motor cortex may cause paralysis on the opposite side of the body, because the upper motor neuron crosses over the midline. a. both the statement and reason are correct and related b. both the statement and the reason are correct but not related c. the statement is correct, but the reason is not d. the statement is not correct, but the reason is correct

a. both the statement and reason are correct and related

Lumbar punctures are usually safely performed between L4 and L5, because the spinal cord usually ends between L1 and L2. a. both the statement and the reason are correct and related b. both the statement and the reason are correct but not related c. the statement is correct, the reason is not d. the statement is not correct, but the reason is correct e. neither the statement nor the reason is correct

a. both the statement and the reason are correct and related

Both the skull and vertebrae are parts of the appendicular skeleton. The sacrum and the ribs are parts of the axial skeleton. a. both are true b. first is true, second is false c. first is false, second is true e. both are false

a. first is false, second is true

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. each branchial arch is associated with a cranial nerve b. efferent neurons are sensory neurons c. veins carry blood towards the heart d. ganglia are derived from neural crest cells e. the spinal cord is part of the central nervous system

b. efferent neurons

In anatomical position, the fibula is lateral to the tibia. The ulna articulates with both the femur and the tibia. a. both are true b. first is true, second is false c. first is false, second is true d. both are false

b. first is true, second is false

The pterygomaxillary fissure connects the infratemporal fossa with the pterygopalatine fossa. The foramen ovale connects the pterygopalatine fossa with the anterior cranial fossa. a. both are true b. first is true, second is false c. first is false, second is true d. both are falase

b. first is true, second is false

As an infant develops, the anterior fontanelle becomes bregma. As an infant develops, the posterior fontanelle becomes asterion. a. both statements are true b. first is true, second is false c. first is false, second is true d. both are false

b. first is true, second is false -asterion is at posterior lateral -posterior fontanelle= lambda

Which of the following structures is unique to cervical vertebrae? a. a spinous process b. a transverse foramen c. pedicles d. costal facets e. lamina

b. transverse foramen

Tympanic nerve is a branch of what Cranial Nerve a. CN V b. CN VII c. CN IX d. CN X

c. CD IX

The coronoid process of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone. The external auditory (acoustic) meatus is posterior to the mandibular (glenoid) fosssa. a. both are true b. first is true, second is false c. first is false, second is true d. both are false

c. first is false, second is true

The frontal bone contributes to the formation of the floor of the orbit. The cribiform plate is part of the ethmoid bone. a. both are true b. first is true, second is false c. first is false, second is true d. both are false

c. first is false, second is true

Which of the following structures is derived from the mesencephalon? A. the pons. B. the medulla oblongata. C. the midbrain. D. only A and B. E. A, B, and C.

c. the midbrain

Which of the following statements is false? a. a bulging anterior fontanelle b. the temporal bone articulates with the zygomatic bone c. the sphenopalatine forament connects the nasal cavity with the middle cranial fossa d. the crista galli is part of the ethmoid bone e. part of the ethmoid bone is located in the anterior cranial fossa

c. the sphenopalatine foramen connects the nasal cavity with the middle cranial fossa

Which of the follwoing branchial arches does NOT give rise to anatomical structures in the adult? a. 1st branchial b. 2nd branchial c. 3rd branchial d. 4th branchial d. 5th branchial

d. 5th branchial

The sympathetic system originates in the brainstem and sacral spinal segments. The parasympathetic system originates between T1 and L2 spinal segments. a. both are true b. first is true, second is false c. first is false, second is true d. both are false

d. both are false

The dorsal rootlets carry efferent nerve fibers. The ventral rami of spinal nerves carry only efferent nerve fibers. a. Both are true b. first is true, second is false c. first is false, second is true d. both are false

d. both are false -dorsal rootlets= afferent -ventral RAMI= mixed

The arachnoid is the toughest/strongest of the three layers of meninges. The CSF is produced in the subdural spaces a. both are true b. first is true, second is false c. first is false, second is true d. both are false

d. both are false -dura is strongest -subarachnoid produces CSF

All of the following openings are found in the temporal bone EXCEPT the a. carotid canal b. external acoustic (auditory) meatus c. petroympanic fissue d. foramen ovale e. internal acoustic meatus

d. foramen ovale -found in the sphenoid

Gray rami communicantes are primarily composed of which of the following? a. preganglionic parasympathetic fibers b. postganglionic parasympathetic fibers c. preganglionic sympathetic fibers d. postganglionic sympathetic fibers

d. postganglionic sympathetic fibers

Which of the following statements is false? a. most postganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the head are distributed by branches of the trigeminal nerve b. primary afferent neurons will synapse on secondary afferent neurons that are located in the dorsal horn c. the superior cervical ganglion is a sympathetic ganglion d. preganglionic parasympathetic fibers leave the brain with both CN VIII and CN XI e. the greater splanchic nerve is contains preganglionic sympathetic fibers

d. preganglionic parasympathetic fibers leave the brain with both CN VIII and CN XI -true would be CN X

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. a foramen is a hole which allows structures to pass through bone b. the human skeleton is an example of an endoskeleton c. glenoid cavity is located on the scapula d. the acromion is part of the mandible e. the humerus articulates with the scapula

d. the acromion is part of the mandible -acromion is on the scapula

Which of the following sutures is located between the posterior border of the frontal bone and the anterior borders of the parietal? a. the lamboid suture b. the metopic suture c. the tympanosquamous suture d. the coronal suture e. the saggital suture

d. the coronal suture

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. the zygomatic (malar) bone articulates with the temporal, frontal, and maxillary bones b. the glenoid (mandibular) fossa is located on the temporal bone c. the carotid canal is located in the temporal bone d. the hypoglossal canal is located in the mandible e. the nasal bones articulate with both the maxillary and frontal bones

d. the hypoglossal canal is located in the mandible -in the occipital

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. a collection of neuronal cell bodies outside of the central nervous system is referred to as a ganglion b. both supination and pronation are types of movement referred to as rotation c. infections and metastases from the pelvis may spread via anatomical pathways to the head and neck d. the levator palpebrae superioris depresses the lower eyelid e. flexion decreases the angle of a join

d. the levator palpebrae superioris depresses the lower eyelid

In which of the following bones is the infraorbital foramen located? a. the frontal b. the parietal c. the zygomatic d. the maxilla e. the nasal

d. the maxilla

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. the styloid process is part of the temporal bone b. the mastoid process is part of the temporal bone c. foramen magnum is located in the occipital bone d. the pterygoid process is part of the palatine bone e. the supraorbital foramen is located in the frontal bone

d. the pterygoid process is part of the palatine bone -It is part of the sphenoid

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. zygoapophyseal joints are articulations between adjacent neural arches b. the carotid tubercle is located on the transverse process of C6 c. the shapes of vertebral bodies and the shapes of intervertebral discs both contribute to the formation of the vertebral curvatures d. the transverse ligament of the atlas is located, and passes, anterior to the dens e. the vertebral plexus of veins (both internal and external) in general lacks valves

d. the transverse ligament of the atlas is located, and passes, anterior to the dens

Which of the following is a branch of the internal carotid artery? a. anterior cerebral artery b. middle cerebral artery c. posterior communicating artery d. only A and B e. A, B, and C

e. A, B, and C

Which of the following nerves attaches at the medulla oblongata? a. CN IX b. CN X c. CN XI d. CN XII e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which of the following statement is FALSE? a. a coronal section divides the body into anterior and posterial parts b. a midsagittal section divides the body into right and left halves c. a transverse section divides the body into superior and inferior parts d. abduction is movement away from the midline e. in anatomical position, the palms of the hands are oriented posteriorly

e. in anatomical position, the palms of the hands are oriented posteriorly

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. the cervical enlargement is associated with the brachial plexus b. lower motor neurons are located in the ventral horn c. the posterior inferior cerebellar artery is usually a branch of the vertebral artery d. the anterior internal vertebral plexus is located a posterior to the posterior longitudinal ligament e. the apical ligament connects the dens to the atlas

e. the apical ligament connects the dens to the atlas -transverse ligament and cruciate ligament of atlas connects dens to atlas