Midterm unit 3
In homes where parents do not use correct grammar, their children tend to make more grammatical errors. Which of the following concepts I identifies a type of error children might make
Overgeneralization
What conclusion can be drawn from the data presented in the figure about sensitivity to teratogens during prenatal development
teratogens are at least likely to impact the development of the heart after nine weeks
Use the figure below to answer the following question According to the data presented in the graph most infants can stand unsupported by which age
18 months
By age 6 months, infants from different countries in the world will distinguish hearing a change in small units of sound. For example, one study, when a 6 month old babies hear the RRR sound change to an LLL sound, they sucked faster on special pacifier that measured their rate of sucking. By 12 months, however, Japanese children no longer distinguish these sounds since culturally, they are not exposed to them. Which of the following terms were researchers studying on across cultural level
phoneme
A researcher studied the impact of early childhood education on disadvantaged children. Half of the children were randomly assigned to receive high quality preschool, while the other half received no opportunity to attend preschool. The study collected extensive data on the children from the study until they reached aged 40. The researchers were able to conclude that high qualitypreschool positively affected education, socioeconomic status, crime prevention, family dynamics, and health. Which of the following best describes the research methodology used
Longitudinal experiment
Sebastian wants to earn an A in his biology course but finds a difficult to stay motivated to study every night. His teacher recommends that he surround himself with peers who study regularly to increase the studying behavior. Sebastian's teacher made her recommendation based on the learning concept of
Modeling
Which dog is demonstrating stimulus discrimination in the following scenario
Cookie cowers when she hears the pop of fire works, but not when she hears the pop of lightning
A researcher studied 30 people ages 20 to 40, 30 people ages 41 to 60, and 30 people ages 61 to 80. The researcher set up two rooms one with a Saint Rose smell, and one with the faint lemon smell. Each participant was asked to enter each room and identify the smell in the room. What research method did the researcher use, and what outcome would be found
Cross-sectional. As people age, there's sense of smell diminishes especially in older age
Crystal has three children She loves and cares for very much. Denise has two children that she neglects. Crystals children are very friendly and talked to people more often than Denise's children. Which of the following is the likely result of the children's attachment to their mothers
Crystals children will have better socialization skills
Research was conducted to on the frequency of accidents involving construction workers being hit by construction vehicles in a work sound period The researchers measured the response of the pedestrians to the volume of warning sounds for each of the vehicles involved in the accidents. The data was our depicted in the graph. Which of the following principles of learning is demonstrated by the results
Habituation
To explore the concept of the imaginary audience a researcher gave the imaginary audience scale to sixth, eight, and 10th graders who visited a local shopping mall during one weekend in June. The results indicated that students and 10th grade had the lowest ratings on the scale and concluded that the imaginary audience does not apply to students beyond the eighth grade. For the researcher to generalize this research, what would he need to Do differently
He would need to obtain a random sample of participants from each of the three grade levels
Gene Piaget formulated his theory of cognitive development by observing his own children at play. What is a valid criticism of the case study approach that John Piaget used to collect research data to originate his cognitive development theory
His observations may have been biased due to his relationship with the participants
in an effort to demonstrate that phobias for the result of environmental conditioning rather than mental processes, a researcher conditioned an 8-month-old child named Albert to have an intense fear of a white fluffy rat. While the results supported the researchers behaviorists viewpoint, which are the following reasons explains why this research would not be allowed today
It created too much stress for the participant, which violates the code of ethics for psychological research
Which scenario below depicts Insight Learning
Laramie suddenly realized that he could put some of his groceries and a cabinet after repeatedly failing to fit them into a pantry
Afarious cultures expect students to master more than one language in school, which of the following courses of action are supported by the evidence presented in the graph
Students should be introduced to the second language as soon as they start going to school
Use the figure below to answer the following question which is the following aspects of classical conditioning is demonstrated by quadrant one and the figure
Unconditioned response to an unconditioned stimulus
Based on the graph, which schedule of reinforcement would a parent choose to create the fastest rate of learning in their child
Variable ratio
professor Whitemore conducted research to examine changes in cognitive development across the lifespan. He recruited 400 participants and then grouped them by age. The study included 20-year-olds, 40-year-olds, 60-year-olds, and 90-year-olds, 100 in each group. Each group in the study took several different tests. Some of these tests were fact-based and drew upon knowledge from several different areas. Other tests required participants to solve new problems as quickly as they could. Based upon research on fluid intelligence, which of the following is a likely hypothesis for dr. Whitemore study used to collect research data to originate his cognitive development theory
the 20-year-old cohort will likely outperform all other groups on the tests that involve solving new problems quickly
Anthony is an adolescent who has a pimple on his cheek and thinks everyone is looking at it. Which of the following best explains what Anthony is experiencing
the imaginary audience phenomenon
Marjorie's little brother tends to bother her when he is bored. Marjorie wants to find out which toy will keep her brother occupied the longest so he will not bother her. She conducts a study where each day at 6:00 p.m. for a week she gives her brother a different toy and on one of the days she gives them no toys to play with. She measures the amount of time he spends playing with each toy before he comes to bother her. Which of the following is the independent variable and this example
type Of toy
Dalton developed a phobia of dogs after watching his older cousin act fearfully when he interacted with dogs and then neighborhood which of the following best explains while Dalton developed his phobia of dogs
Social learning theory, because Dalton learned from observing his cousin's behavior towards dogs
Which of the following is an example of the schedule of reinforcement that has the slowest response rate as depicted in the graph
A local fast food restaurant tells customers they are going to release a coupon for a free meal on their app at some point during the day
Maria's a 13-year-old child born with deafness to parents who can hear and who also live in a remote, rural area. Since birth, her parents have provided love, nourishment, and you locationally enriching toys, and develop their own hand signals to communicate with her about basic necessities. However Maria did not begin to learn sign language until she was 12 and the family moved to a city and encountered members of a death community. Maria has found a very difficult to learn sign language, no matter what her instructor try. Which of the following concepts best explains Maria's difficulty learning sign language
A sensitive period
Annette who lives in the United States experience Monarchy at age 10 while her great-grandmother experienced it at age 14 which of the following most likely explains the difference between the age that Annette and the age that her great-grandmother experience menarche
Annette's had better nutrition and medical care than her great-grandmother did
Vendor can no longer stomach the taste of sushi after he vomited from eating a spoiled serving of it. However the appearance of sushi does not make him sick. Which of the following best accounts for Wysander becomes sick upon tasting sushi but not seeing sushi
Biological predisposition, because this example illustrates taste of version
The operant conditioning concept of negative reinforcement is illustrated in which of the following scenarios
Ervin always buckles his seat belt to stop the beeping sound his ear makes when the seat belt is unbuckled
Which of the following statements explains why it is difficult to experiment with human development
Direct long-term manipulation of a child's environment would be unethical
Dr Jamal surveys parents of children of fifth graders who have done well in school. Based on his survey results, Dr Jamal claims that being raised as an only child accelerates how quickly students will be able to progress to concrete operational thinking. What problem is associated with this claim
Dr Jamal cannot make a cause and effect claim from survey results
Dr Belzer documented the behaviors of parents with their children at a local restaurant. She looked for specific examples of permissive, authoritarian, and atherriotive parenting styles. Which of the following best describes the method of research to use by Dr Belzer
Naturalistic observation
Dr Shirah believes in irritable infants grow up to be irritable adults. Which of the following best represents doctor Shirah beliefs
Nature View
In which of the following scenarios of someone showing evidence of extinction and classical conditioning
Randy was always worried about his exams in high school and felt anxiety when in the building. However now that he is a teacher at the same high school the anxiety has gone away
Use the figure below to answer the following question based on the data presented in the table, which consequence was used by the training staff for dog number two
Reinforcement
What of the following scenarios best describes the relationship between temperament and child parent relationships
Sammy has a difficult temperament, but his parents love and care for him anyway
Using the information presented in the graph, what is most likely the reason for the fall and strength of the condition response in trials 16-20
The CS and US are no longer being paired together
A researcher explored the important of comfort and newborn recess monkeys. The researcher separated infant monkeys from their biological mothers and introduced to them to inanimate circuit mothers. Once her get mother was constructed of wire and had milk bottle attached to it, and the second was covered in soft cloth but did not have a milk bottle attached to it. The baby monkey spin almost all their time on the soft cloth mother and only went to the wire monkey to eat. And this experiment, what is the dependent variable
The amount of time the infant spent with each surrogate mother
Denise cleaned out the office refrigerator without being asked. The operant conditioning concept of positive reinforcement is illustrated in which scenario
The next day, her boss gave her a gift certificate to a local coffee shop. As a result, Janice now regularly cleans out the office refrigerator
researchers proposed a study on language acquisition to see if exposing 10 month old babies to phonemes outside of their primary language had an impact on the child's fluency and their primary language. 100 babies are randomly assigned to one of the two conditions. And one condition babies would only be exposed to phenoms of their primary language for 1 hour per day over the course of 6 months. The other group would be exposed to phonemes from several different languages for 1 hour per day over the course of 6 months. The researchers hope to exploreweather exposure to phonemes from several different languages helped or impeded language development. Which of the following concerns would an IRB likely have about this study
The procedure could potentially cause harm to the babies by interfering with their language development
Researchers created a study to try to assess the extent to which two-year-old children could detect emotion and telegraphic speech coming from adults. Children would be exposed to neutral faith phrases, happy phrases, and angry phrases. Which of the following statements about ethical guidelines is accurate for the study
The researchers will first need to obtain informed consent from the parents of each child
Researchers conducted a study to investigate whether problem solving abilities declined as subjects got older. They gave a large random sample of 20-year-old subjects a test with various problems solving tasks. For the next 40 years, the researchers followed up with every five years with the subjects and had them complete additional tests to gauge their problem solving abilities. Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding this research
The study will provide correlational results
Researchers hypothesized that the older a baby is when it begins to crawl, the longer it will take the baby to stop exhibiting earlier rocking behaviors. The researchers go into the infant room of a day care center every day for 6 weeks. Every time a baby rocks, the researchers record it. They document which babies are already crawlers and at what age each started crawling. What will help the researchers with their investigation
Their knowledge that rocking behavior develops before crawling behavior and that rocking behavior eventually goes away once crawling behavior begins
