Milady Chapter 9 Nail Structure and Growth

natural nail unit

Together, all of the main parts of the nail are referred to as the_____

free edge

part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe

nail plate

Hardened keratin plate that sits on and covers the natural nail bed. it is the most visible and functional part of the natural nail unit

4 to 6 months

How long does replacement of the natural fingernail take?

nine

How many main parts is the natural nail unit divided into?

Eponychium

Living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area

general health

Nail plates protect the tips of the fingers and toes, and their appearance can reflect the _________ __________ of the body.

integumentary

Natural nails are appendages of the skin and part of the ______________ system, which is made up of the skin and its various organs.

nail bed

Portion of the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge.

Hyponychium

Slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the natural nail plate

Perionychium

The tissue bordering the root and sides of a fingernail or toenail.

flexibility

The water content of the natural nail directly affects the nail's _________

Bed epithelium

Thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate and the nail bed

9 to 12

Toenails take _____ months to be fully replaced

lunula

Visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin; the whitish, half-moon shape at the base of the nail

15% and 20%

a healthy nail may look dry and hard, but it's water content is actually between _____________ and varies according to the relative humidity of the surrounding environment.

natural nail

also known as onyx; the hard protective plate is composed mainly of keratin, same fibrous protein found in skin and hair.

onyx

another name for the natural nail

nail unit

composed of several major parts of the fingernail including the nail plate, nail bed, matrix, cuticle, eponychium, hyponychium, specialized ligaments, and nail fold.

cuticle

dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate

nail folds

folds of normal skin that surround the natural nail plate

nail groove

furrow on each side of the nail

1/10 to 1/8 inch per month

the average rate of nail plate growth in the normal adult is about:

Bed epithelium

the bed contains many nerves, and is attached to the nail plate by a thin layer of tissue called the ______

rigid

the lower the water content the more ______ rigid the nail becomes

porous

the nail plate is relatively ________ ave will allow water to pass through it much more easily than through normal skin of an equal thickness.

100

the nail plate is the most visible and functional part of the nail unit and is constructed of about _______ layers of nail cells.

keratin

the natural nail is composed mainly of a protein called ________

free edge

the part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is the _____ ______

reflection of light

the whitish color of the lunula is caused by the _____________ of the surface of the visible part of the underlying matrix.

ligament

tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place

disease, injury or infection

what will cause an abnormal shapeor form of the nail?

nail malformation

when the nail is abnormal in shape or form

eponychium

which of the following is most likely to need a softener? cuticle or eponychium

sidewall

Also known as lateral nail fold; the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail.

matrix

Area where the nail plate cells are formed; the area is composed of matrix cells that produce the nail plate