Mitosis and Meiosis Study Guide

Please answer the following questions. Be detailed, specific, and thoughtful with your answers. 1. How and why does mitosis create new cells that are identical to each other? 2. How and why does meiosis create new cells that are genetically different from each other?

1) The cell copies or 'replicates' its chromosomes, and then splits the copied chromosomes equally to make sure that each daughter cell has a full set. 2)Mitosis creates two identical daughter cells that each contain the same number of chromosomes as their parent cell. These new combinations result from the exchange of DNA between paired chromosomes.

Which correctly pairs this structures with what its made from 1)Chromosomes: DNA & Protein 2)Centriole: DNA & Protien 3)Centromere: Protein & Fat 4)Centriole: DNA & Sugar

1)Chromosomes: DNA & Protein

What is the exchange of genes between homologous Chromosomes called 1)Crossing over 2)Independent assortment 3)Criss-crossing 4)Meiosis

1)Crossing over

What types of genetic information must be copied for the next generation of cells? 1)Deoxyrionuclic acid 2)Ribonulic acid 3)Enzymes 4)Proteins

1)Deoxyrionclic Acid

Which is correct about the difference between mitosis and meiosis 1) Mitosis results in 2 cells, meiosis in 4 2) mitosis only occurs in sex cells 3) meiosis produces identical cells 4) meiosis cells divide once

1)Mitosis results in 2 cells, Meiosis in 4 cells

How many daughter cells are in Mitosis?

2 daughter cells

Which of the following does not occur during Prophase in mitosis 1)Chromosomes coil up 2)Centromeres divide 3)Nuclear envelop dissolves 4)Spindle Fibers Form

2)Centromeres Divide

Which is correctly matched with the appropriate number of Chromosomes in each daughter cell 1)Meiosis: 2 sets of 23 Chromosomes 2)Meiosis: 1 set of 23 Chromosomes 3)Mitosis:1 set of 23 Chromosomes 4)Mitosis: 2 sets of 46 Chromosomes

2)Meiosis: 1 set of 23 Chromosomes

Which of the following undergo Meiosis 1)Liver Cells 2)Sperm Cells 3)Unicellular organisms 4)All of the above

2)Sperm Cells

The protein fibers that extend from centrioles and attach to Chromosomes to pull them apart are called? 1)Cilia 2)Spindal Fibers 3)Kientochores 4)Flagella

2)Spindle Fibers

During which stage of Mitosis do Chromosomes separate? 1)Propahse 2)Metaphase 3)Anaphase 4)Telophase

3)Anaphase

What are the two resulting cells formed from a single cell called 1)Brother Cells 2)Sister Cells 3)Daughter Cells 4) Parent Cells

3)Daughter Cells

Which of the following is not true about Meiosis 1)Final cells have half of the DNA 2)More complex than Mitosis 3)Muscle cells reproduce in this way 4)Requires a male and a female to reproduce

3)Muscles cells reproduce in this way

Which is true regarding both Mitosis and Meiosis 1)Both occur in only animal cells 2)All organisms go through both Mitosis and Meiosis 3)They are both involved in cell division 4)None of the above

3)They are both involved in cell divsion

How many daughter cells are in Meiosis?

4 daughter cells

what are the set of microtubles which move to oppiste ends of the cell to aid in cell division called? 1) Centrosomes 2)Chromosomes 3)Centromeres 4)Centrioles

4)Centrioles

Which of the following does not occur during Telophase 1)Nuclear envelope forms 2)Chromosomes uncoil 3)Spindal Fibers dissolve 4)Chromosomes begin to move towards opposite poles

4)Chromosomes begin to move toward opposite poles

What is the random distribution of Chromosomes during Meiosis called 1)Genetic variation 2)Recombination 3)Crossing over 4)Independent Assortment

4)Independent Assortment

Which of the following does not occur during Anaphase? 1)Centromere divide 2) Chromosomes move towards opposite poles 3) Spindle Fibers pull on the Chromosomes 4)Nuclear envelope dissolves

4)Nuclear envelope dissolves

How many chromatids (chromosomes) are present in each cell(s).

A chromatid is one of the two strands that form when a chromosome replicates itself for the process of cell division (either mitosis or meiosis).

Anaphase 1 (mitosis)

Chromosomes are pulled to the opposite ends of the cell by the Spindal Fibers Chromosomes: 46

Prophase 1 (mitosis)

Chromosomes from mom pair up with Chromosomes from dad Chromosomes: 49

Cytokinesis 2 (meiosis)

Cytoplasm divides and cells complete split apart chromatids unwind back into Chromatins. Chromosomes: 23

Cytokinesis 1 (mitosis)

Cytoplasm divides and parent ells split into two daughter cells Chromosomes: 23

interphase 1 (mitosis)

DNA makes a copy of itself. Cell grows in size. Chromosomes: 46*2=92

telophase 2 (meiosis)

Daughter cells start to split again into 4 new cells and they contain Chromatids Chromosomes: 46

What is a Chromatid?

Either of the two strands formed when a chromosome duplicates itself as part of the early stages of cell division.

Prophase 2 (meiosis)

New Spindle Fibers form Chromosomes are still X shaped Chromosomes: 46

Telaphase 1 (mitosis)

Parent cells start to split into two daughter cells Chromosomes: 46

Metaphase 1 (mitosis)

Spindal Fibers attach to Chromosomes Chromosomes: 46

Anaphase 2 (Meiosis)

Spindal Fibers pull Chromosomes into cromatids Chromosomes: 46

What are Chromosomes

They carry all of the information used to help a cell grow, thrive, and reproduce. Chromosomes are made up of DNA.

metaphase 2 (meiosis)

X shaped Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell (no pairs) Spindal Fibers attach. Chromosomes: 46

When is mitosis used?

asexual reproduction

When is meiosis used?

sexual reproduction