Mobility NCLEX Mastery Quiz
Which joint is an example of a condyloid joint? A) Wrist joint B) Elbow joint C) Shoulder joint D) Sacroiliac joint
A) Wrist joint The wrist joint is an example of a condyloid joint. It is between the radial and carpals. The elbow joint is an example of a hinge joint. The shoulder joint is an example of a ball and socket joint. The sacroiliac joint is an example of a gliding joint.
Which diagnostic test is used for the direct visualization of ligaments, menisci, and articular surfaces of joints? A) Arthroscopy B) Muscle biopsy C) Ultrasonography D) Electromyography
A) Arthroscopy Arthroscopy is a diagnostic test that uses an arthroscope to directly visualize the ligaments, menisci, and articular surfaces of a joint. A muscle biopsy is conducted to diagnose atrophy and inflammation. An ultrasonography is used to view soft tissue disorders, traumatic joint injuries, and osteomyelitis. An electromyography may be performed to evaluate diffuse or localized muscle weakness.
Which radiographic test is used to view the entire skeleton? A) Bone scan B) Gallium and thallium scan C) Computed tomography (CT) D) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan
A) Bone scan A bone scan is a radionuclide test in which radioactive material is injected so that the client's entire skeleton can be viewed. Gallium and thallium scans are similar to bone scans but are more specific and sensitive in detecting bone disorders. A CT scan is used to detect musculoskeletal problems primarily in the vertebral column and joints. An MRI scan is used to diagnose musculoskeletal disorders.
Which foot disorder is caused by continual pressure over bony prominences? A) Corn B) Wart C) Hammertoe D) Hallux rigidus
A) Corn A corn is a foot disorder caused by continual pressure over bony prominences. A plantar wart is a foot disorder caused by a virus. Hammertoe is a foot disorder caused by flexion and deformity in the joints. Hallux rigidus is caused by osteoarthritis.
A teenager has been discharged with a cast. Which would the nurse recommend if the client experiences pruritus around the cast edges? A) "Scratch the itchy area gently" B) "Put an ice pack on the affected area" C) "Sprinkle a layer of powder around the itchy spots" D) "Ask your doctor for a prescription for an antihistamine"
B) "Put an ice pack on the affected area" An ice pack numbs the area and may temporarily diminish the discomfort. Scratching stimulates the release of histamine which worsens the pruritus; also, scratching may break the skin and open an avenue for infection. Powder may become caked and slip under the cast, causing additional discomfort. Also, powder should be avoided because it is toxic if inhaled. Antihistamines are not prescribed unless all other measures have failed.
Aspirin is prescribed on a regular schedule for a client with rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse understands that the medication is being used primarily for which property? A) Analgesic B) Antipyretic C) Anti-inflammatory D) Antiplatelet
C) Anti-inflammatory The anti-inflammatory action of aspirin reduces joint inflammation. Aspirin reduces fever, but this is not the rationale for prescribing it for clients with rheumatoid arthritis. It can relieve pain and prevent abnormal clotting; however, although these effects can be beneficial, these are not the primary reasons that it is prescribed for rheumatoid arthritis.
Which condition can be identified in a client using Phalen's test? A) Atrophy B) Bone tumor C) Rotator cuff injury D) Carpal tunnel syndrome
D) Carpal tunnel syndrome Phalen's test is used to detect carpal tunnel syndrome. A muscle biopsy is done for the diagnosis of atrophy. A computed tomography scan is done to diagnose a bone tumor. The drop arm test is performed to detect rotator cuff injuries.
Which is the purpose of encouraging active leg and foot exercises for a client who has had hip surgery? A) Maintain muscle strength B) Reduce leg discomfort C) Prevent clot formation D) Improve wound healing
C) Prevent clot formation Active ROM exercises increase venous return in the unaffected leg, preventing complications of immobility, including thrombophlebitis. Although isotonic exercises do promote muscle strength, that is not the purpose of these exercises at this time. These isotonic exercises are being performed on the unaffected extremity; there should be no discomfort. Active ROM exercises will not improve wound healing.
What diagnostic procedure is used to detect muscle weakness? A) Arthroscopy B) Radiography C) Myelography D) Electromyography
D) Electromyography Electromyography is performed to detect diffuse or localized muscle weakness by determining the electric potential generated in an individual. Arthroscopy is used for the direct visualization of ligaments, menisci, and articular surfaces of a joint. A radiography is performed to detect bone density, alignment, swelling, and intactness of a joint. A myelography is performed to visualize the vertebral column, intervertebral discs, spinal nerve roots, and blood vessels.
Which tissue connects the client's tibia to the femur at the knee joint? A) Fascia B) Bursae C) Tendon D) Ligaments
D) Ligaments A ligament is a dense, fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone such as the tibia to the femur at the knee joint. Ligaments provide stability while permitting controlled movement at the joint. Fascia is a connective tissue that can withstand limited stretching; it provides strength to muscle tissues. Bursae are small sacs of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane and synovial fluid that are located at the bony prominences and joints to relieve pressure. A tendon is a dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.
Which finding in older adult clients is associated with aging? A) Decrease in height B) Decreased neck rigidity C) Increased fine-motor dexterity D) Increased range of motion (ROM)
A) Decrease in height Loss of height and deformity and shortening of the trunk are common in older adults because of vertebral compression and degeneration. Rigidity in the neck, shoulders, back, hips, and knees increases with age because of loss of elasticity in ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. A decline in fine-motor dexterity occurs in the older adult because of slow impulse conduction along motor units. ROM is limited in the older adult because of cartilage erosion, increased friction between the bones, and overgrowth of bone around joint margins.
After a discectomy and fusion surgery, the client wants to attempt walking with assistance for the first time. Upon rising to a standing position, the client reports feeling faint and light headed. Which action would the assisting nurse have the client do upon hearing the client's concern? A) Have the client sit on the edge of the bed so the nurse can hold the client upright. B) Have the client slide to the floor with assistance to avoid injuring the client because of a fall. C) Have the client bend forward to increase blood flow to the brain. D) Have the client lie down immediately so the nurse may obtain the client's blood pressure (BP).
A) Have the client sit on the edge of the bed so the nurse can hold the client upright. Sitting maintains alignment of the back and allows the nurses to support the client until orthostatic hypotension subsides. Sliding to the floor and bending forward will induce flexion of the vertebrae, which can traumatize the spinal cord; taking the BP at this time is not necessary.
A client with hemiparesis voices a reluctance to use a cane. Which rationale would the nurse use to explain the cane's purpose to the client? A) Maintain balance to improve stability B) Relieve pressure on weight-bearing joints C) Prevent further injury to weakened muscles D) Aid in controlling involuntary muscle movements
A) Maintain balance to improve stability Hemiparesis creates instability. Using a cane provides a wider base of support and therefore greater stability. Hemiparesis affects muscle strength on one side of the body; the joints are not directly affected. Activity should strengthen, not injure, weakened muscles. The use of a cane will not prevent involuntary movements if they are present.
Which estrogen antagonist would the health care provider prescribe a client for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women? A) Raloxifene B) Denosumab C) Alendronate D) Zoledronic acid
A) Raloxifene Raloxifene prevents and treats osteoporosis in postmenopausal women by increasing bone mineral density, reducing done desorption, and reducing incidences of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Denosuman is a monoclonal antibody used to treat osteoporosis when other medications are not effective. Alendronate and zoledronic acid are commonly used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Which treatment is beneficial for a client with muscle spasm? A) Thermotherapy B) Muscle massage C) Frequent position changes D) Muscle-strengthening exercise regimen
A) Thermotherapy Thermotherapy, the use of heat therapy, eases pain and muscle contraction; therefore, it is useful in treating muscle spasms. Muscle massage stimulates muscle tissue contraction and may worsen a muscle spasm. Frequent position changes are beneficial for a client with a contracture. A muscle-strengthening exercise regimen is beneficial for a client with muscle atrophy.
Which structure protects a client's internal organs, support blood cell production, and store minerals? A) Joints B) Bones C) Muscles D) Cartilages
B) Bones Bones are the framework of the body' they support and protect internal organs. They also help in stem cell production from bone marrow, and they store minerals. Joints (articulations) help articulate bones. Muscles are the bundles of fibrous tissue that contract to produce movement and maintain body posture. Cartilage is a hyaline, elastic, and fibrous tissue that often functions as a shock absorber.
Which synovial joint movement is described as turning the sole away from the midline of the body? A) Pronation B) Eversion C) Adduction D) Supination
B) Eversion Eversion is a synovial joint movement that describes turning the sole outward away from the midline of the body. Pronation is a synovial joint movement that describes turning the palm downward. Adduction is a synovial joint movement that describes movement toward midline of the body. Supination is a synovial joint movement that describes turning the palm upward.
When a client injures the amphiarthrodial joint, which joint did the client injure? A) Knee joint B) Pelvic joint C) Elbow joint D) Cranial joint
B) Pelvic joint Amphiarthrodial joints are those that permit slight movements. The pelvic joint is an example of an amphiarthrodial joint. Knee and elbow joints are the examples of diarthrodial joints which are freely movable. A cranial joint is an example of a synarthrodial joint, which is immovable.
A client with rheumatoid arthritis asks the nurse why it is necessary to inject hydrocortisone into the knee joint. Which reason would the nurse include in a response to this question? A) Lubricates the joint B) Reduces inflammation C) Provides physiotherapy D) Prevents ankylosis of the joint
B) Reduces inflammation Steroids have an anti-inflammatory effect that can reduce arthritic pannus formation. Injecting hydrocortisone into the joint does not provide lubrication. Injection of a medication into a joint is not physiotherapy. Ankylosis refers to fusion of joints. It is only indirectly influenced by steroids, which exert their major effect on the inflammatory process.
Which bones are examples of a client's flat bones? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A) Sacrum B) Scapula C) Sternum D) Humerus E) Mandible
B) Scapula C) Sternum Flat bones such as the scapula and sternum are compact bones separated by a layer of cancellous bone marrow. Bones such as the sacrum and mandible are irregular bones; they appear in a variety of shapes and sizes. The humerus is a long bone with a central shaft and two widened ends.
A recently hospitalized client with multiple sclerosis voices a concern about generalized weakness and fluctuating physical status. Which nursing intervention is the priority for this client? A) Encourage bed rest for this client B) Space activities throughout the day C) Teach the limitations imposed by the disease D) Have one of the client's relatives stay at the bedside
B) Space activities throughout the day Spacing activities will encourage maximum functioning within the limits of strength and fatigue. Bed rest and limited activity may lead to muscle atrophy and calcium depletion. Stress the clients strengths, rather than limitations. Having one of the client's relatives stay at the bedside is unnecessary. The nurse's responsibility is to maintain client safety and meet client needs.
Which joint helps in the gliding movement of the wrist? A) Pivot joint B) Hinge joint C) Biaxial joint D) Ball-and-socket joint
C) Biaxial joint The biaxial joint helps in the gliding movement of the wrist. Pivot joints permit rotation in the radioulnar area. Hinge joints allow for flexion and extension. Ball-and-socket joints permit movement in the shoulders and hips.
Which type of bone tumor occurs most commonly in elderly clients? A) Endochroma B) Osteosarcoma C) Chondrosarcoma D) Osteochondroma
C) Chondrosarcoma Chondrosarcoma occurs most commonly in cartilage in the arm, leg, and pelvic bones of older adults in the age group of 50 to 70 years old. Endochroma occurs in clients in the age group of 10 to 20 years old. Osteosarcoma and osteochondroma occur in the age group of 10 to 25 years old.
A client is undergoing diagnostic testing for myasthenia gravis. Which test would the nurse identify as the most specific for this diagnosis? A) Electromyography B) Pyridostigmine test C) Edrophonium chloride test D) History of physical deterioration
C) Edrophonium chloride test The edrophonium chloride test uses a medication that is a cholinergic and an anticholinesterase; it blocks the action of the cholinesterase at the myoneural junction and inhibits the destruction of acetylcholine. Its action of increasing muscle strength is immediate for a short time. The results of electromyography will be added to the database, but they are nonspecific. Pyridostigmine is a slower-acting anticholinesterase medication that is commonly prescribed to treat myasthenia gravis; edrophonium chloride is used instead of pyridostigmine to diagnose myasthenia gravis because, when injected intravenously, it immediately increases muscle strength for a short time. The results of a history and physical are added to the database, but the data collected are not as definitive as another specific test for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis.
The nurse provides discharge teaching to a client who had a total hip replacement. The client states that the plan is to go swimming at the community pool the day after discharge. Which action would the nurse take in response to the client's comment? A) Tell the client to take a friend along for safety B) Encourage participation in this activity, because it provides excellent range-of-motion exercise C) Explain that the incision should not be immersed in water until it has healed D) Let the client know that swimming can substitute for the prescribed physical therapy
C) Explain that the incision should not be immersed in water until it is healed Because of the risk for infection, the client should avoid tub baths, hot tubes, pools, and immersion in other bodies of water until after the wound has healed and these activities are approved by the primary health care provider. Immersion in water for prolonged period interferes with wound healing, because water may macerate tissue. Having a friend along does not change the fact that immersion in water for a prolonged period will interfere with wound healing. The client needs to continue physical therapy after discharge whether or not the client goes swimming.
Which diagnostic study would the health care provider use to investigate the cause of an inflamed joint and determine a client's response to anti-inflammatory medication therapy? A) Duplex venous doppler B) Plethysmography C) Thermography D) Somatosensory evoked potential
C) Thermography Thermography uses an infrared detector that measures the degree of heat radiating from the skins surface. Health care providers use this method to investigate the cause of an inflamed joint and in determining the client's response to anti-inflammatory medication therapy. Use of plethysmography is to record variations in volume and pressure of blood passing through tissues. Duplex venous doppler records blood flow abnormalities to the lower extremities, which helps detect deep vein thrombosis. Somatosensory evoked potential use identifies subtle dysfunction of lower motor neuron and primary muscle disease.
Which term describes synovial joint movement away from the midline of the body? A) Inversion B) Extension C) Pronation D) Abduction
D) Abduction Abduction is a synovial joint movement that involves movement of a part away from the midline of the body. Inversion is turning of the sole inward toward the midline of the body. Pronation is a synovial joint movement that involves the turning of the palm downward. Extension is a synovial joint movement that involves a straightening of joint that increased the angle between two bones.
Which complications would the nurse monitor in a client who sustained a transection of the spinal cord, but no other injuries? A) Hemorrhage B) Hypovolemic shock C) Gastrointestinal atony D) Autonomic hyperreflexia
D) Autonomic hyperreflexia Autonomic hyperreflexia, an uninhibited and exaggerated response of the autonomic nervous system to stimulation, results in a blood pressure greater than 200 mmHg systolic; it is a medical emergency. Although hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock could occur from the trauma, the scenario stated that no other injuries occurred. Although gastrointestinal atony can result from immobility, it is not a medical emergency.
Which type of joint permits movement in any direction? A) Pivot B) Hinge C) Biaxial D) Ball-and-socket
D) Ball-and-socket Ball-and-socket joints permit movement in any direction. Pivot joints permit rotation. Hinge joints allow motion in one plane. Biaxial joints permit gliding movement.
