Module 1: Safety

Cease Ops signal

1 long blast (3 secs)

Resume ops signal

1 long blast 1 short blast

SCBA

10 - 40 minutes of air Bulky, difficult in confined spaces

O2 levels and effects

19.5% - O2 deficiency 17% - panting 15% - dizziness and headache 9% - unconsciousness 6% - death

What is scene lighting for

24-hour operations

Evacuate signal

3 short blasts (1 sec each)

How much water to drink

4-8 oz every 15-20 min of work electrolytes every 1 hour of sweating

Hearing protection at what level

90 decibals

APR

Air Purifying Respirator uses filters or absorbent material called sorbent lightweight, inexpensive, half or full face

At a min, what level medical care for incidents

BLS care and transport

Where is safety officer in Chain of Command

Below TFL but no direct subordinates

Key elements of safety

Chain of command Unity of command

Comms plan will ID what

Command, tactical, and special radio channels

Formal comms plan will be developed by

Comms specialist

Protecting the airway

Doctors know danger of inhaling small amount of stuff over years, but don't know danger of inhaling large quantities over short period of time

How to rest better

Ear plugs or noise canceling headphones

CO levels and effects

Explosive range - 12.5% to 74.2% BA required at 50 ppm (.005%) Symptoms - headache, nausea, vomiting, increased HR, coma 1000 ppm (.1%) - death in 2-3 hours 1500 ppm (.15%) - IDLH 4000 ppm (.4%) - death in <1 hr

Safety starts with

Hazard ID and communication

Who does Hazmat Specialist Report to

Hazmat Team Manager

Provide victim with what before ops

Helmet goggles blanket info on what you're going to be doing

SCBA advantages

Highest level of protection protects against contaminates and O2 deficiency no distance restriction may have longer operational duration

Atmospheric monitor in hazmat cache measures what

LEL O2 H2S

Who does Comms Specialist report to

Logistics Team Manager

Who does Logistics Specialist report to

Logistics Team Manager

Who does Transportation report to

Logistics Team Manager

LCES stands for

Lookouts, communication, escape routes, safety zones

Who does Medical Specialist Report to

Medical Team Manager

Lookouts

Objective observer not involved in hands on free to watch over all ops id'ing potentially dangerous situations and mitigating them

Who does Tech Info report to

Plans Officer

Who does structures specialist report to

Plans Officer

PAPR

Powered Air Purifying Respirator same as APR but powered using batteries

Who does structural collapse specialist report to

Rescue Squad Officer

Who does Heavy Equipment and Rigging Specialist report to

Rescue Team Manager

Who does rescue squad officer report to

Rescue Team Manager

In absence of safety officer, who gives safety briefing

Rescue Team Manager Rescue Squad Officer

REHAB

Rest Energy Nutrition Hydration Accommodation BLS

Comms plan will be part of what

SAR plan IAP

Where to add fuel to tools

Safe area, away from area of ops

Everyone should know who is filling what position

Safety Officer

Minimum PPE with rescuer at all times

Safety boots respirator helmet/headlamp ear/eye pro gloves protective clothing radio

Lookouts is normally function of

Safety officer

Who does canine search report to

Search Team Manager

Who does tech search specialist report to

Search Team Manager

Operational Work Area

Single line of tape horizontal across control access to work site allowing only TF members and other local rescue people

Who does Hazmat Team Manager report to

TFL

Who does Logistics Team Manager report to

TFL

Who does Medical Team Manager report to

TFL

Who does Plans Officer report to

TFL

Who does Rescue Team Manager report to

Task Force Leader

Who does Search Team Manager report to

Task Force Leader

In terms of safety, direct success of mission depends upon

ability to counteract hazards before they become problems

Who develops LCES

advance recon of the work site by team managers or, will be passed on by previous team's operation

What can cause secondary collapse

aftershocks wind vibration removal of debris gravity explosions

SABA

air for virtually unlimited time

Methods of signaling

air horns car horns whistles clear text over radio

Safety Zones

aka Safe Havens pre-established areas of safe refuge could be area outside hot zone or area inside hot zone

safety plan changes affecting entire operation should

be communicated up chain of command immediately

safety plan changes that are site-specific should

be passed on to the next operational team

Limitations of PAPR/APR

cannot be used in IDLH only protects from what cartridge is rated for must continuously monitor environment can only be used in identifiable environments below allowable limits

How to avoid igniting explosive atmosphere with regard to using electricity

circuits must not be allowed to create sparks, arcs, or high surface temps all electrical equipment must be designed to reduce the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current to values that cannot cause ignition by opening, closing, or grounding the circuit prevent electrical components from overheating

What does Chain of Command and Unity of Command do?

clarify reporting relationships eliminate confusion caused by multiple, conflicting directives

H2S levels and effects

colorless, transparent gas, heavier than air rotten egg odor at low concentrations sweet-ish odor at high concentrations LEL - 4.3% 10 ppm - eye irritation 50 - 100 ppm - conjunctivitis respiratory irritation 100 ppm - coughing, eye irr., loss of sense of smell in 2-15 min 500 - 700 ppm - LOC and death in 30-60 min 700 - 1000 ppm - rapid LOC and apnea, death

how to choose scene lighting

consider terrain, weather, general rescue environment intrinsically safe lighting needed?

Collapse/Hazard Area

control access to immediate area that could be that could be impacted by building collapse, falling debris, other hazards only people allowed are primary TF personnel directly involved in SAR of victims

Most important vital sign to return to normal

core temp

When is method of signaling id'd

during safety briefing by comms specialist

Unity of Command

every individual has a designated supervisor whom he reports to at the incident

Big hazard of concern

falling material

Safety plan developed when

for each operational period

Do not wear what when fueling equipment

gloves (can't wash them)

significant risk of exposure to what

hazmat direct exposure from area contaminated indirect exposure from moving water or cloud/vapor plume moving through impact area

SABA limitations

hose limits travel distance hoses tangle/twist must follow hose back out when ready to exit

Things that affect rescue team's ability to rest

individual sleep habits barking dogs cell phones aircraft overflights noise from generators

Advantages of PAPR/APR

lighter than SCBA Enhanced movement longer travel distance

Principle behind lighting safety

limit amount of electrical energy introduced into hazardous area under normal conditions

SCBA limitations

limited air supply limited duration of work impaired movement in c-space

SABA advantages

longer working time protects against contaminates and O2 deficiency not as heavy as SCBA

common atmosphere problems in c-space

low O2 CO Methane H2S

Should you eat food from civilians

no

Safety Plan/LCES is dynamic, meaning

once response team has arrived at the site another assessment should be made changes should be modified on safety plan and then communicated to all members and they acknowledge changes

Chain of Command

orderly line of authority within the ranks of the incident management organization

Safety Briefing - Air Transportation Issues

overloading proper clearances for takeoff and landing rotor wash security around helicopter adequate intercom capability so team members and communicate during flight

Escape Routes

pre-established path to area of safe refuge escape plan should be constantly updated to reflect changes in dynamic situation as result of external forces or rescuers actions

if safety zone is in hot area

rescuers may have to construct that area around the victim and for rescuers themselves

What to do with unused tools

store in tool staging area or return to Logistics at BoO

the multi-hazard safety plan is

the guide to the basic elements of safety for a variety of incidents. in any ops scenario these areas must be addressed to ensure safety and accountability of all response team members

Rest is

time out to stabilize vital signs Pulse, BP, breathing rate, core temp return to normal also mental/psychological rest

What is a common cause of falls causing injury

trip hazards commonly in BoO and work site

All-Terrain Scene Lights

used on sites where fire apparatus cannot access small lightweight generators integrated tripods with adjustable legs for uneven terrain

VOC's

volatile organic compounds organic chemicals with high vapor pressures at room temp substances containing VOC's - solvents, paint thinner, nail polish remover, gasoline, diesel, heating oil, kerosene, jet fuel