Module 3 Apply Your knowledge

When analyzing the variable gender, which was measured in 5 categories (male, female, transgender male, transgender female, other), the data should be displayed using a

Bar chart

Outliers can be the best identified using a:

Box-and-whisker plot with Tukey fences

Match the following variables to the correct level of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) Disease status (present or absent) Temperature in Fahrenheit Blood type Level of education Hemoglobin A1C Time in minutes Race (self-reported) Quality of life on a scale of 1 to 5 Weight in ounces Oxygen saturation in percent

Disease status (present or absent) - nominal Temperature in Fahrenheit - interval Blood type - nominal Level of education - ordinal Hemoglobin A1C - ratio Time in minutes - ratio Race (self-reported) - nominal Quality of life on a scale of 1 to 5 - ordinal Weight in ounces - ratio Oxygen saturation in percent - ratio

A student is planning on conducting a quality improvement project on a unit in the university hospital where the student is enrolled. Since the project is required by the university and the university owns the hospital, the student does not need to obtain additional permission for the project

False

A study can have only one dependent variable

False

An conceptual definition defines how a variable will be measured, and includes the equipment and procedures that are used in the measurement

False

Bar charts and histograms can both be used to describe interval level data

False

The best place to store data from a clinical project conducted by 2 students and their advisor would be in a cloud-based system such as Google docs so that all team members can easily access the data and be sure that they are using the most current version of the data.

False

The frequency and relative frequency presented as a percentage should both be reported when describing interval level data.

False

The mean is the number in the middle of the observations, when the observations are arranged from smallest to largest

False

The validity of a weight measurement obtained with an electronic scale refers to the repeatability of the measurement

False

When a continuous variable has a normal distribution and only 1 small outlier, the mean and standard deviation should be used to describe the variable

False

A variable was coded as disease present, disease not present, or disease status unknown. When performing the descriptive statistics, which of the following should be used? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Median Frequencies Precentages Mode Proportions

Frequencies Percentages

Quality of life is measured on a scale from 1 (extremely poor quality) to 5 (best possible quality). The best graphic display of these measurements would be a

Histogram

What type of graphic display would be the best for a variable measured at the ordinal level?

Histogram

Height recorded in centimeters should be displayed using SELECT ALL THAT APPLY Bar chart Histogram Stem-and-leaf plot Box-and-whisker plot

Histogram Stem-and-leaf plot Box-and-whisker plot

In a box-and-whisker plot, the length of the box is equal to the

Interquartile range

The most frequently occurring number in a set of numbers is the

Mode

The best way to determine whether data are normally distributed is to

Perform a Shapiro-Wilk test

Testing a new piece of equipment to enure that the equipment consistently provides that same measurement when the same variable is measured multiple times is an example of

Reliability

The operational definition of a variable

Specifies how a variable should be measured

What percentage of scores fall between the first and third quartile? 68%, 100%, 75%, 25%, 50%

50%

What is the median of the following set of numbers? 9, 1, 8, 5, 3, 10, 4, 12, 8, 7

7.5

What percentage of observations fall within + 2 standard deviations of the mean? 25%, 68%, 95%, 50%, 99%

95%

The epidemiological range is

The minimum and maximum values

The dependent variable is

The outcome variable

When reporting the mean for a variable, what measure of spread should be reported?

The standard deviation

The mean is the arithmetic average of the observations

True

The decision to use the mean or median is based upon: (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) a. The presence or absence of outliers. b. The guidelines of the journal where the data will be published. c. Which statistical tests will be used for hypothesis testing. d. Whether the data are normally distributed.

a. The presence or absence of outliers. d. Whether the data are normally distributed