Module 3 Lecture Test

The life span of an erythrocyte is about ________ days.

120

Plasma makes up about ________ percent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood.

55

Which most closely approximates the percentage of water in plasma by weight?

92%

Which leukocytes are granulocytes? a: Neutrophils b: Eosinophils c: Lymphocytes d: Monocytes e: Basophils f: Erythrocytes

A, b, e

Which can be used to characterize blood flow in the human body? a: There is unidirectional blood flow. b: Arteries always carry oxygenated blood. c: Veins always carry deoxygenated blood. d: Arteries carry blood away from the heart. e: Veins carry blood toward the heart.

A, d, e

Excessive secretion of growth hormone in adults can cause

Acromegaly

The immunity that occurs as a result of a vaccination is ________ immunity.

Active

The smallest and most abundant plasma proteins are the

Albumins.

Glucagon and insulin work ________ on blood glucose levels.

Antagonistically

Which lobe of the pituitary is larger and secretes more hormones?

Anterior pituitary

What are considered the effectors of humoral immunity?

Antibodies

An immunoglobulin is a(n)

Antibody, which is a protein molecule

What is the sequence of events in the transmission of an impulse through the heart muscle? a: AV node b: AV bundle c: SA node d: Through the atria e: Through the ventricles f: Bundle branches g: Purkinje fibers

C, d, a, b, f, g, e

Steroid hormones are lipids, derived from

Cholesterol

The disease called ________ is caused by excessive secretion of glucocorticoids, and is characterized by redistribution of body fat to produce characteristic features such as "moon face."

Cushing Syndrome

Interferons are one of the classes of

Cytokines

If a patient becomes dehydrated, the percentage of plasma in a centrifuged sample of his or her blood would likely

Decrease

Which is going to result in significant agglutination?

Donor is type AB, recipient is type B

Sodium, calcium, and bicarbonate are all described as plasma

Electrolytes.

The clinical definition of the hematocrit refers to the percentage of

Erythrocytes in the blood.

Lymph nodes

Filter lymph

Cardiac output equals the

Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume

Which cell type is targeted by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Helper T-lymphocyte

Which carries blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava?

Hepatic Veins

The part of the brain that functions as a "master control center" of the endocrine system is the

Hypothalamus

What are the five main classes of immunoglobulins found in humans?

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM

Systolic blood pressure is recorded

In arteries and is the maximal pressure that is recorded during ventricular contraction.

IgA is primarily found

In external secretions such as tears, saliva, and mucus.

Inflamed tissue feels warm due to

Increased blood flow and increased metabolic activity.

The main function of tonsils is to detect and protect against infections agents that are

Ingested or inhaled.

Often a virus-infected cell will release ________ to prevent spread of the infection.

Interferon

A lymphatic capillary that picks up dietary lipids in the small intestine is called a(n)

Lacteal

In which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located?

Left upper quadrant

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?

Melatonin

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the

Myocardium.

The type of leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is a(n)

Neutrophil.

Which hormone group is not secreted by the adrenal cortex?

No exceptions; all choices are secreted by the adrenal cortex

Which are not tonsils?

Palatoglossal tonsils

The heart valves

Permit the passage of blood in one direction.

Most activated B-lymphocytes differentiate into

Plasma cells

The parathyroid glands are located

Posterior to the thyroid gland.

Which of the cardiovascular system's circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries?

Pulmonary Circuit

Which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Pulmonary Veins

Regions of MALT called Peyer patches are found in the

Small Intestine

The release of hormones from the adrenal medulla is stimulated by

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion, it may indicate

The wrong blood type was used.

The ________ is composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells.

Tunica media

The metabolic condition called ________ results from the destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas due to an autoimmune response.

Type 1 Diabetes

Blood pressure is lowest in

Veins

B-lymphocytes are

White blood cells that are generated in red bone marrow.

The main function of leukocytes is to

Defend against pathogens.

The pulmonary trunk carries

Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle toward the lungs.

The thoracic duct collects lymph from all of the following except the

Right arm

The hormones that come from the posterior pituitary

Are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive.

The pulmonary trunk receives blood from the right ventricle and conducts it toward the lung. The pulmonary trunk is a(n)

Artery

Which are characteristics of type A blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes f: Will agglutinate with blood type B

B, c, f

Which type of leukocyte releases histamine?

Basophil

The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is able to chemically attach to

Both oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the ________ and the tissues of the body.

Capillaries

Lymph is transported through a network of increasingly larger lymphatic passageways. What is the correct order of these, from smallest diameter to largest diameter?

Capillaries - vessels - trunks - ducts

Valves in veins

Cause venous blood flow to go in only one direction

Lymph nodes may be found individually, or clustered in specific regions of the body. Which cluster of lymph nodes receives lymph from the head and neck?

Cervical lymph nodes

Which hormone induces its target cells to take up glucose, thereby lowering blood glucose levels?

Insulin

In response to high blood glucose, the pancreas releases insulin to enable glucose to enter body cells. When the blood glucose level returns to normal, insulin release stops. This is an example of regulation by

Negative Feedback

The hepatic portal system allows for the processing of

Nutrients and toxins absorbed from the gastrointestinal system into the blood.

Where are the target cells for follicle-stimulating hormone?

Ovaries and testes

The two hormones released from the posterior pituitary are

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

Which heart chambers contain deoxygenated blood?

Right atrium and right ventricle

Antigens are

Something that an antibody or T-lymphocyte binds to.

The primary function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is to

Stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands.

Explain your journey through the heart and identify the parts of the heart that you are flowing through including the valves. Begin at the superior vena cava and end at the aorta.

Superior Vena Cava to the right atrium, through tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semi lunar valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system includes the left ventricle and aorta?

Systemic Circuit