Molecular Diagnostic Lab

One of the best ways to evaluate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is by melting curve analysis

/true

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is composed of: More than one answer is correct. Please select all correct answers

Adenine Guanine Cytosine

Which of the following steps is not included in a direct nucleic acid test?

Amplification

What is the key feature of real time PCR that is not available with standard or conventional PCR?

Amplification of DNA can be detected as the PCR is in progress.

Which is not an application of real-time PCR?

Amplification of DNA for northern blot

Which of the following is not an enzyme that is used in molecular amplification methods?

Amylase

The product produced in amplification is termed:

Codon

The cycle threshold (Ct) value is associated with the amount of PCR product in the reaction. Which of the following are correct? More than one answer is correct. Please select all correct answers

Cts of 38-40 are weak reactions indicative of minimal amounts of target nucleic acid. Cts of 30-37 are positive reactions indicative of moderate amounts of target nucleic acid. Cts < 29 are strong positive reactions indicative of abundant target nucleic acid in the sample.

Some amino acids have more than one codon to direct their placement, this is termed:

Degeneracy

A multiplex PCR assay is used to detect one target sequence of DNA or RNA. This assay could be used to detect a specific virus or bacteria or determine if an individual has a gene of interest.

FAlse

Multiplex PCR assays generally take longer to produce results than conventional culture methods

FAlse

Since the primers are the determining factor of what region of the DNA will be amplified by PCR, the primer should be non-specific to the target

FAlse

Detects targets in cytology/histology specimens

FISH

Which of the following is a direct nucleic acid test?

FISH

Which of the following statements is correct regarding preanalytical variables?

Heparin should be avoided as an anticoagulant for PCR methods

Which of the following are considered advantages of molecular testing? Select all that apply.

Increased sensitivity Turn around time is faster than for culture methods

An extra DNA nucleotide or other portion of DNA sequence

Insertion

All of the following are true about the major advantage of automated extraction versus manual extraction EXCEPT:

Is less expensive but more difficult to perform with an increased risk of contamination

All of the following are true about the major advantage of automated extraction versus manual extraction EXCEPT:

Is less expensive but more difficult to perform with an increased risk of contamination.

Which of the following is true about reverse transcriptase PCR? More than one answer is correct. Please select all correct answers

It uses a reverse transcriptase enzyme (RTE). It creates a copy of DNA using the original RNA specimen.It provides for early detection of infection even before antibodies appear.

The three primary functional forms of RNA include: More than one answer is correct. Please select all correct answers

Messenger, ribosomal, transfer RNA

What is the name of the substitution nucleic acid alteration that causes a coding for a different amino acid?

Missense

A disadvantage of using a nucleic acid amplification method is

Need for dedicated laboratory space

A nucleotide substitution that ends in early termination of the protein manufacturing process, usually due to a stop codon

Nonsense

A nucleic acid used to identify a hybridization target is termed:

Probe

Cuts long DNA into shorter fragments to detect polymorphisms

RFLP

most common alteration, a single base change

SNP

Southern Blot Uses restriction endonuclease enzyme and gel electrophoresis

Southern Blot

Real-time PCR results are commonly displayed on an amplification plot. Which of the following describe the progression of phases for the amplification plot?

Stationary baseline, exponential, plateau

In a PCR amplification method, which of the following is amplified?

Target

Which of the following statements are true relative to non-specific dyes used for detection in the RT-PCR procedure? More than one answer may be correct.

These dyes are fluorescent and bind to all pieces of double-stranded DNA. SYBR green is an example of a non-specific dye Non-specific dyes can potentially cause inaccurate quantification.

Which of the following is not a nucleotide in RNA?

Thymine

What are the most common uses of real time PCR analysis for viral load detection? More than one answer is correct. Please select all correct answers

To monitor infections in transplant patients To assess progression of viral replication in HIV patients

During each cycle of the PCR, DNA doubles and results in the exponential accumulation of the targeted DNA fragment.

True

Multiplexing is the PCR process of assaying several different target sequences of DNA or RNA simultaneously in the same sample. .

True

One of the best ways to evaluate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is by melting curve analysis

True

Application of molecular methods can include:

Tumor marker detection,Pharmacogenetics,Infectious disease identification

Which is not an application of real-time PCR?

amplification of DNA for northern blot

mRNA Carries the protein message to the cytoplasm

mRNA

A nucleotide or sequence substitution that codes for a different amino acid

missense

rRNA Part of the ribosome responsible for protein synthesis

rRNA

tRNA Responsible for amino acid transport

tRNA

Real-Time PCR Measures PCR product throughout the entire amplification process Conventional PCR Requires multiple steps that may lead to contamination Conventional PCR Is most commonly followed by agarose gel electrophoresis Real-Time PCR All cycles, including detection, can be completed in the same tube

true

Thermocyclers are instruments used to amplify DNA and RNA samples by the polymerase chain reaction.

true