Motor Learning Chap 1

Identify the requirements of fine motor skills

- they require high degree of precision in hand and finger movement - they require a greater control over the muscles involved in hand I coordination then gross motor skills do

identify the dimensions of the motor skills that are considered in Gentile's two dimensions taxonomy

1. Environmental context => intertrial variability - are the conditions during performance the same or different from one trial to another? 2. Function of the action => are you moving the body? Are you manipulating an object?

which of the following motor skill can be classified as a gross motor skill?

Hopping & Walking

the second criterion analyzed to determine where along the skill continuum a persons performance would be classified is the extent to which the persons can achieve ________

Testicles under a range of different conditions

The first criterion analyzed to determine where along the skill continuum a persons performance would be classified is the extent to which the person ?

can consistently achieve the goal of a task

the first criterion analyzed to determine where along the skill continuum a persons performance would be classified states that highly skilled individuals show a greater capacity to _____

consistently achieve task goals

a feature of Gentile's two dimension taxonomy is that it

consists of an expansive taxonomy that yields sixteen skill categories

motor skills with arbitrary beginning and end locations are known as _______

continuous motor skills

motor skills with arbitrary beginning and end locations are known as ________

continuous motor skills

a fine motor skill requires

control of small muscles to achieve the goal of the skill

which of the following is a way to determine the function of an action

decide whether or not it's gonna involve holding or using an object

the final criterion used to assess individuals level of skill is their

degree of efficiency

a cognitive skill differs from a motor skill in that the former _______

does not require voluntary limb movement to achieve its goals

which of the following is an example of a fine motor skill?

drawing

The term ____ ______ refers to the specific physical location where a skill is performed

environmental context

a feature of gentile's taxonomy is that it ________

provides an excellent basis for understanding the performer demands for a wide variety of motor skills

body stability

refers to skills that involve no change in body location during performance

a feature of regulatory conditions is that they

refers to the characteristics in the environmental context in which a skill is performed

The term _____ refers to those features of the environmental context to which movements must conform if they are to achieve an action goal

regulatory conditions

identify the characteristics that are common to motor skills

- Motor skills are performed voluntarily - Motor skills have a goal to achieve - Motor skills require movement of joints and body segments - Motor skills need to be learned or re-learned

identify the features of the environment contacts in relation of motor skills classifications

- objects involved in performing a skill - The supporting surface on which a person performs a skill - other people or animals involved in a performance situation

Both researchers and professionals share a focus on the performance of _______ ________, which is defined as activities or tasks that require voluntary control over movements of the joints and body segments to achieve a goal

Motor skills

in the motor learning and control research literature, specific patterns of motion among joints and body segments are indicated by the term _____

Movements

when they context changes the same movement of swinging one hand could be used to achieve different action goals. for example swinging a bat to hit a ball throwing a ball or swatting a fly I'll make use of the same movement pattern. this example highlights the _______

One to many relationship between movements and actions

The term skill is used to know some degree of competence or capacity to perform a task. for example people might refer to someone as a skilled football player. when the term is use this way if value judgment is placed on the?

Quality of an individuals performance

In Gentile's taxonomy the changing of maintaining of the body location is known as _____ _____

body orientation

movements are the component part of motor skills; this means that movements are the means by which

action goals are accomplished

movements are the component parts of motor skills; this means that movements are the means by which _________

action goals are accomplished

Closed skills with no intertrial variability

free throws in basketball

closed skills with intertrial variability

golf shots during a round of golf

a motor skill that requires the use of large musculature to achieve its goal is known as a _______

gross motor skill

a skill that requires a specified beginning and end location is categorized as a ______

high motor skill

open skills

in motion regulatory conditions

body transport

includes active and passive changes of body locations

the term _____ refers to whether the regulatory conditions during a performance are the same or different from one attempt to perform a scale to another

intertrial variability

walking is considered a motor skill because it

is a learned skill

which of the following is true of Gentile's taxonomy?

it is not limited to the physical therapy context

which of the following is true of a cognitive skill?

it requires abilities such as remembering decision-making and problem-solving

a persons action goal of kicking a ball can be achieved with several different movements characteristics. For example, he may kick the ball with his right leg, his left leg, or the back of his heel- all achieving the action goal. The example highlights the ______

many to one relationship between movements and actions

identify a true statement about intertrial variability

motor skills are differentiated based on whether intertrial variability is stationary or in motion

Identify a true statement about intertrial variability

motor skills can be distinguished based on webster intertrial variability is present or absent

The mechanisms within the central and peripheral nervous system as well as the muscular system that underlie the control of movement in the actions are known as __________

neuromotor processes

the term ______ refers to features of the environmental context that have no influence or only an indirect influence on movement characteristics

non regulatory conditions

identify the factors that are most relevant in determining the function of an action as proposed by Gentile

object manipulation & body orientation

the term "skill" can be used to denote

some degree of competence to perform a task

Closed skills -

stationary regulatory conditions

identify an accurate statement about neuromotor processes

the can not be observed directly with the naked eye

which of the following is an example of non regulatory condition in the game of football

the color of the ball

identity a statement that accurately illustrates the one-to-many relationship between movements and actions

the purpose that any movements fulfills is determined by the context on which the movement occurs

which of the following is a characteristic of a skilled individual?

they appear to have extra time during task with several time limitations

Identify a true statement about serial motor skills

they include features of both continuous and discrete skills

Identify a true statement about continuous motor skills

they usually contain repetitive movements

A feature of discrete motor skills is that they _____

typically simple, one movement skills

an accurate feature about highly skilled individuals is that they can achieve the goal of a motor task

under a much wider range of conditions than the less skilled

movements and actions have a many-to-one relationship. This means that ______

various movements can accomplish the same action goal

open skills with intertrial variability

walking in a hallway crowed with moving people

open skills with no intertrial variability

walking on a treadmill at a constant speed