Motor Learning Chap 1
Identify the requirements of fine motor skills
- they require high degree of precision in hand and finger movement - they require a greater control over the muscles involved in hand I coordination then gross motor skills do
identify the dimensions of the motor skills that are considered in Gentile's two dimensions taxonomy
1. Environmental context => intertrial variability - are the conditions during performance the same or different from one trial to another? 2. Function of the action => are you moving the body? Are you manipulating an object?
which of the following motor skill can be classified as a gross motor skill?
Hopping & Walking
the second criterion analyzed to determine where along the skill continuum a persons performance would be classified is the extent to which the persons can achieve ________
Testicles under a range of different conditions
The first criterion analyzed to determine where along the skill continuum a persons performance would be classified is the extent to which the person ?
can consistently achieve the goal of a task
the first criterion analyzed to determine where along the skill continuum a persons performance would be classified states that highly skilled individuals show a greater capacity to _____
consistently achieve task goals
a feature of Gentile's two dimension taxonomy is that it
consists of an expansive taxonomy that yields sixteen skill categories
motor skills with arbitrary beginning and end locations are known as _______
continuous motor skills
motor skills with arbitrary beginning and end locations are known as ________
continuous motor skills
a fine motor skill requires
control of small muscles to achieve the goal of the skill
which of the following is a way to determine the function of an action
decide whether or not it's gonna involve holding or using an object
the final criterion used to assess individuals level of skill is their
degree of efficiency
a cognitive skill differs from a motor skill in that the former _______
does not require voluntary limb movement to achieve its goals
which of the following is an example of a fine motor skill?
drawing
The term ____ ______ refers to the specific physical location where a skill is performed
environmental context
a feature of gentile's taxonomy is that it ________
provides an excellent basis for understanding the performer demands for a wide variety of motor skills
body stability
refers to skills that involve no change in body location during performance
a feature of regulatory conditions is that they
refers to the characteristics in the environmental context in which a skill is performed
The term _____ refers to those features of the environmental context to which movements must conform if they are to achieve an action goal
regulatory conditions
identify the characteristics that are common to motor skills
- Motor skills are performed voluntarily - Motor skills have a goal to achieve - Motor skills require movement of joints and body segments - Motor skills need to be learned or re-learned
identify the features of the environment contacts in relation of motor skills classifications
- objects involved in performing a skill - The supporting surface on which a person performs a skill - other people or animals involved in a performance situation
Both researchers and professionals share a focus on the performance of _______ ________, which is defined as activities or tasks that require voluntary control over movements of the joints and body segments to achieve a goal
Motor skills
in the motor learning and control research literature, specific patterns of motion among joints and body segments are indicated by the term _____
Movements
when they context changes the same movement of swinging one hand could be used to achieve different action goals. for example swinging a bat to hit a ball throwing a ball or swatting a fly I'll make use of the same movement pattern. this example highlights the _______
One to many relationship between movements and actions
The term skill is used to know some degree of competence or capacity to perform a task. for example people might refer to someone as a skilled football player. when the term is use this way if value judgment is placed on the?
Quality of an individuals performance
In Gentile's taxonomy the changing of maintaining of the body location is known as _____ _____
body orientation
movements are the component part of motor skills; this means that movements are the means by which
action goals are accomplished
movements are the component parts of motor skills; this means that movements are the means by which _________
action goals are accomplished
Closed skills with no intertrial variability
free throws in basketball
closed skills with intertrial variability
golf shots during a round of golf
a motor skill that requires the use of large musculature to achieve its goal is known as a _______
gross motor skill
a skill that requires a specified beginning and end location is categorized as a ______
high motor skill
open skills
in motion regulatory conditions
body transport
includes active and passive changes of body locations
the term _____ refers to whether the regulatory conditions during a performance are the same or different from one attempt to perform a scale to another
intertrial variability
walking is considered a motor skill because it
is a learned skill
which of the following is true of Gentile's taxonomy?
it is not limited to the physical therapy context
which of the following is true of a cognitive skill?
it requires abilities such as remembering decision-making and problem-solving
a persons action goal of kicking a ball can be achieved with several different movements characteristics. For example, he may kick the ball with his right leg, his left leg, or the back of his heel- all achieving the action goal. The example highlights the ______
many to one relationship between movements and actions
identify a true statement about intertrial variability
motor skills are differentiated based on whether intertrial variability is stationary or in motion
Identify a true statement about intertrial variability
motor skills can be distinguished based on webster intertrial variability is present or absent
The mechanisms within the central and peripheral nervous system as well as the muscular system that underlie the control of movement in the actions are known as __________
neuromotor processes
the term ______ refers to features of the environmental context that have no influence or only an indirect influence on movement characteristics
non regulatory conditions
identify the factors that are most relevant in determining the function of an action as proposed by Gentile
object manipulation & body orientation
the term "skill" can be used to denote
some degree of competence to perform a task
Closed skills -
stationary regulatory conditions
identify an accurate statement about neuromotor processes
the can not be observed directly with the naked eye
which of the following is an example of non regulatory condition in the game of football
the color of the ball
identity a statement that accurately illustrates the one-to-many relationship between movements and actions
the purpose that any movements fulfills is determined by the context on which the movement occurs
which of the following is a characteristic of a skilled individual?
they appear to have extra time during task with several time limitations
Identify a true statement about serial motor skills
they include features of both continuous and discrete skills
Identify a true statement about continuous motor skills
they usually contain repetitive movements
A feature of discrete motor skills is that they _____
typically simple, one movement skills
an accurate feature about highly skilled individuals is that they can achieve the goal of a motor task
under a much wider range of conditions than the less skilled
movements and actions have a many-to-one relationship. This means that ______
various movements can accomplish the same action goal
open skills with intertrial variability
walking in a hallway crowed with moving people
open skills with no intertrial variability
walking on a treadmill at a constant speed