MRH final a&p 2 Study guide

Natural exposure to an infectious agent leads to:

active immunity

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol?

adrenocorticotropic hormone

The plasma protein that is the major contributor to osmotic pressure is ________.

albumin

Reabsorption of sodium, chlorine, and water can occur within the DCT when regulated by which two hormones?

aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone

Antigens that induce an allergic reaction are called

allergen

The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________.

alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes

The main site of gas exchange is the ________.

alveoli

This exam is performed between 14-16 weeks gestation and is used to detect genetic abnormalities.

amniocentesis

An acute allergic response can lead to:

anaphylactic shock

The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is ________.

angina pectoris

Which class of cells includes macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells?

antigen presenting cells

Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through which of the following structures?

aortic semilunar valve

This type of blood vessel plays a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries.

arterioles

Which type of adaptive immunity will result from intravenous injection of immunoglobulins?

artificially acquired passive immunity

How is the bulk of carbon dioxide carried in blood?

as the bicarbonate ion in the plasma after first entering the red blood cells

The nose serves all the following functions except ________.

as the direct initiator of the cough reflex

All of the following hormones results in a rise in blood pressure EXCEPT:

atrial naturiuretic peptide

Which of the following cells is not an agranular leukocyte?

basophil

The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ________.

binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP

The major targets of growth hormone are ________.

bones and skeletal muscles

This is a series of functional changes that sperm go through when they are in the female reproductive tract.

capacitation

This is a network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart.

cardiac conduction system

Which of the following types of muscle contains the largest number of mitochondria per cell?

cardiac muscle

The volume of blood that circulates through the systemic (or pulmonary) blood vessels per minute is called

cardiac output

The difference between a person's maximum cardiac output and resting cardiac output is called the

cardiac reserve

The point where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi is a ridge called

carina

Which reflex functions to maintain sufficient blood flow to the brain when changing body positions?

carotid sinus reflex

___________ cause(s) a loss of transparency of the lens and may cause blindness.

cataracts

The thymus is most active during ________.

childhood

Since insulin released from the pancreas is carried in the bloodstream to distant target cells, like muscle cells, it is considered to be a(n)

circulating hormone

Receptors for hearing are located in the

cochlea

Which of the following correctly identifies the pathway urine follows as it leaves the collecting duct?

collecting duct, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Which of the types of receptors listed below is primarily used for detecting light rays under bright light conditions?

cones

This is a thin mucous membrane that protects the inner aspect of the eyelids and the portion of the sclera covering the anterior surface of the eyeball.

conjunctiva

A foramen ovale ________.

connects the two atria in the fetal heart

Which of the following is not a characteristic of WBCs?

contains very little to no organelles

This is the transparent layer on the anterior of the eyeball through which the iris can be observed.

cornea

Light passes through the following structures in which order?

cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina

Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to ________.

cortisol

This is a long drawn and deep inhalation followed by a complete closure of the rima glottidis, which results in a strong exhalation, pushing the rima glottidis open and sending a blast of air through the upper respiratory passages:

coughing

Which sensory structure in the inner ear is capable of sensing rapid rotation of your head to the left?

crista of a semicircular duct

The lens is made of layers of proteins called

crystallins

Which is a small hormone that can stimulate or inhibit many normal cell functions?

cytokine

With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) ________.

decrease in pH (acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond

Which of the following conditions would result from hyposecretion of aldosterone?

dehydration

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________.

diffusion

Zygote is

diploid fertilized ovum

Tubular secretion mainly occurs within the

distal convoluted tubule

In a fetus, this structure allows blood to flow directly from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta.

ductus arteriosus

This is formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla of the vas deferens.

ejaculatory duct

Which of the disorders below is characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation?

emphysema

Which of the following describes a function of a hormone produced in zone of the adrenal gland

enables body to resist stressors and also increases blood glucose

Which of the following is not a category of endocrine gland stimulus?

enzyme

Which of the following blood cells phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes and are effective against parasitic worms?

eosinophil

This structure prevents food or water from entering the trachea.

epiglottis

Which of the following formed elements found in the blood are derived from reticulocytes?

erythrocytes

Which of the following is not a part of the lymphatic system?

erythrocytes

Tidal volume is air ________.

exchanged during normal breathing

The opening to the pharynx from the mouth is called

fauces

Which of the following is not a type of hormone interaction?

feedback

Which of the following intensifies the effect of interferons and promotes the rate of repair?

fever

Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in blood clotting?

fibrinogen

Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis?

fibrinolysis

Which of the following types of papillae do NOT contain taste buds

filiform

Taste buds are not found

filiform papillae

All the following hormones are produced and secreted by the ovaries EXCEPT

follicle-stimulating hormone

In fetal circulation, what is the opening between the right and left atria called?

foramen ovale

The loudness of a person's voice depends on the ________.

force with which air rushes across the vocal folds

Functions of the spleen include all of those below except ______

forming crypts that trap bacteria

The area of the retina that contains only cones and is known as the location of greatest visual acuity is the

fovea centralis

This is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve volume.

functional residual capacity

There are three layers of neurons in the retina. The axons of which of these neuron layers form the optic nerves?

ganglion cells

This is the structure of the nephron that filters blood

glomerular capsule

What is the antagonistic hormone to insulin?

glucagon

Which of the following hormones are released in response to decreases in blood glucose concentration?

glucagon

Complete the following statement using the choices below. Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is ________.

greater than the pressure in the atmosphere

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates general body growth?

growth hormone

These receptor cells provide for the sense of taste.

gustatory cells

Ordinarily, it is not possible to transplant tissues from one person to another, yet corneas can be transplanted without tissue rejection. This is because the cornea ________.

has no blood supply

Cardiac output is dependent on both

heart rate and stroke volume

Stercobilin, a brown pigment that gives feces its characteristic color, and urobilin, a yellow pigment that gives urine its color, are both breakdown products of which of the following components of blood?

heme

Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood?

hemocytoblast

The process by which the formed elements of the blood develop is called

hemopoiesis

This is a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm followed by spasmodic closure of the rima glottidis, which produces a sharp sound on inhalation:

hiccupping

This means the lungs and the chest wall expand easily.

high compliance

One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which of the following describes this mechanism?

humoral stimulation

Which of the following conditions would lead to an increase in the afterload for the ventricles thus lowering stroke volume and cardiac output?

hypertension

Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the ________.

hypophyseal portal system

Peyer's patches are found in the ________.

ileum, small intestine

When B and T cells are fully developed and mature, they are described as being

immunocompetent

The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is ________.

increase of carbon dioxide

Peripheral resistance ________.

increases as blood viscosity increases

This hormone inhibits the release of FSH from the pituitary gland.

inhibin

Which of the following is not a parathyroid gland mechanism to maintain adequate levels of blood calcium?

inhibition of calcitonin synthesis

The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called ________.

inspiratory reserve

Which blood glucose-lowering hormone is produced by the pancreatic islet cells?

insulin

Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________.

interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid

The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because ________.

it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release

Which of the following vessels drains blood from the head and neck?

jugular vein

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?

kidney

This is an inhalation followed by many short convulsive exhalations during which the rima glottidis remains open and the vocal folds vibrate, accompanied by characteristic facial expressions:

laughing

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________.

left atrium

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________.

lingual tonsils

What causes lymph from the small intestines to appear white?

lipids

Cataract leads to blindness due to

loss of transparency of the lens

All of the following can be expected with polycythemia except ________.

low blood viscosity

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates the gonads to secrete progesterone and/or testosterone?

luteinizing hormone

Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed ________.

lymph nodes

Which of the following blood cells are the main soldiers in the immune system defense of the body against microbial invaders?

lymphocyte

Which T cell toxin fragments DNA?

lymphotoxin

Which of these provides a non-specific cellular disease resistance mechanism?

macrophages

Respiratory control centers are located in the ________.

medulla and pons

The cardiovascular center is located

medulla oblongata

Which of the following precursor cells eventually give rise to the platelets?

megakaryoblast

Which of the following hormones is an amine hormone derived from serotonin?

melatonin

No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in ________.

monocytes

Which of the following are the structures of the membranous labyrinth of the inner that are involved in dynamic and static equilibrium

more than one of the above is correct

Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation?

mucus production

The arteries that are also called distributing arteries are the ________.

muscular arteries

Which of the following precursor cells give rise to granular leukocytes?

myeloblast

Which cell kills infected body cells and tumor cells?

natural killer cells

Which is part of the body's second line of defense?

natural killer cells

Which of the following does not influence hemoglobin saturation?

nitric oxide

Conscious perception of vision probably reflects activity in the ________.

occipital lobe of the cortex

Adaptation of the olfactory sense to the continued presentation of an odorant

occurs rapidly

Olfactory receptors are found

only in the superior portion of the nasal cavity

During fetal development these cells give rise to primary oocytes.

oogonia

Which action makes microbes more susceptible to phagocytosis?

opsonization

This is direction of diffusion of gases at capillaries near systemic cells.

oxygen out of blood, carbon dioxide into blood

This is a principle hormone that releases milk into the mammary ducts.

oxytocin

Which of the following pairs of hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

Which of the following is the space between the upper and lower eyelids?

palpebral fissure

Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure?

pancreas

The single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood is ________.

parathyroid hormone

Which of the following hormones commonly increases in the plasma of older individuals due to an inadequate dietary intake of calcium?

parathyroid hormone

The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the

pericardium

Which of the following structures is not part of the external ear

pharyngotympanic tube

During swallowing, which structure rises?

pharynx

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________.

plasma cells

Serum is

plasma without clotting factors

A megakaryoblast will develop into

platelet

Which of the following blood cells is involved in reducing blood loss from a damaged blood vessel?

platelets

Which of the following is not a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?

polycythemia

This is the ovarian phase between the end of menstruation and beginning of ovulation.

preovulatory phase

Intrapulmonary pressure is the ________

pressure within the alveoli of the lungs

Which of the following is not a function of lymph nodes?

produce lymph fluid and cerebrospinal fluid

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates milk production?

prolactin

The most abundant buffer system for intracellular fluid and blood plasma is the

protein buffer system

The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood clotting are identical after formation of

prothrombinase

This term means the return of substances into the blood stream from the filtrate.

reabsorption

An individual who is blood type AB negative can ________.

receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen

Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph?

red blood cells

Isovolumetric contraction ________.

refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers

Which is not a major function of the kidney?

regulation of blood cell size

This imbalance results when systemic arterial blood CO2 levels raise to abnormal values.

respiratory acidosis

Which is a factor that does NOT affect hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?

respiratory rate

Towards the end of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, a red blood cell loses its nucleus and becomes a

reticulocyte

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?

right lymphatic duct

The pulmonary circulatory route carries blood from the

right ventricle to left atrium

Which of the following is not a stimulus for breathing?

rising blood pressure

The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. The function of type II is to ________.

secrete alveolar fluid with surfactant

The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows which of the events listed below?

semilunar valves closing

This structure is the site of sperm production.

seminiferous tubules

This is a long drawn and deep inhalation immediately followed by a shorter but forceful exhalation:

sighing

Which of the below tissues forms the exchange surfaces of the alveolus?

simple squamous epithelium

Lymph transport involves all but which of the following?

smooth muscle contraction in the lymph capillary walls

This is a series of convulsive inhalations followed by a single prolonged exhalation. The rima glottidis closes earlier than normal after each inhalation so only a little air enters the lung with each inhalation:

sobbing

Which type of anterior pituitary cell secretes human growth hormone?

somatotrophs

Which of the following categories would an individual with a blood pressure of 145/95 be placed in?

stage 1 hypertension

Which of the following are a group of lipid-soluble hormones derived from cholesterol?

steroids

Platelets ________.

stick to the damaged area of a blood vessel and help seal the break

Which of the following is not a change typically produced by a hormonal stimulus?

stimulates production of an action potential

Ferritin is a protein used to

store iron in the liver

The layer of the endometrium that is shed during menstration is the

stratum functionalis

Infection of a sebaceous ciliary gland can result in

sty

All the veins of the systemic circulation eventually drain into the

superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

These cells provide physical support, nourishment and electrical insulation for olfactory receptors cells.

supporting cells

Lack of resistance is also known as:

susceptibility

This attaches the ovaries and the uterus to the pelvic wall.

suspensory ligament

What prevents the eyelids from sticking together when the eyes close?

tarsal gland secretions

This is any agent or influence that causes developmental defects in an embryo.

teratogen

Which of the following is characteristic of all leukocytes?

they are nucleated

Which of the following hormones stimulates the development of megakaryoblasts?

thrombopoietin

Which organ produces a hormone that promotes maturation of T cells?

thymus

Which of the following hormones promotes increases in the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

thyroid hormone

The apex of the heart is normally pointed

to the left of the midline

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

transporting respiratory gases

If the urinary excretion rate of a drug such as penicillin is greater than the rate at which it is filtered at the glomerulus, how else is it getting into the urine?

tubular secretion

Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?

tunica media

Which of the following diseases result when the cells marked in the histology image are destroyed by the immune system?

type 1 diabetes

Which of the following taste sensations is incorrectly matched to the chemicals that produce it

umami-triglycerides and fatty acids

In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as ________.

up-regulation

An analysis of the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine is called

urinalysis

With which body system does the respiratory system work to regulate the pH of body fluids?

urinary

This is the site of fertilization.

uterine tubes

Which of the following is a type of circulatory shock?

vascular, due to extreme vasodilation as a result of loss of vasomotor tone

In resting individuals, these vessels serve as a large blood reservoir from which blood can be quickly diverted to other vessels as needed.

veins and venules

What is the main function of the rods in the eye?

vision in dim light

The fusion of the male pronucleus and the female pronucleus results in which developmental stage?

zygote

A refraction abnormality in which the eyeball is shorter from front to back or the lens is unusually thin resulting in light rays focusing behind the retina

.

As the arterioles enter the glomerulus, one can observe that the afferent arterioles are larger than the efferent arterioles which results in

.

The two neurons that process lateral signals along the photoreceptors, bipolar neurons, and ganglion cells are

.

The vascular, pigmented central tunic of the eye is called the

.

Thyroid hormone regulates all of the following except:

.

Normal blood pressure for a young adult male is

120/80

How much of the total volume of body fluid is intracellular fluid?

2/3

What is the normal volume of urine produced in humans?

2L/day

Which sequence is correct for the following events? 1. fibrinogen → fibrin 2. clot retraction 3. formation of thromboplastin 4. prothrombin → thrombin

3, 4, 1, 2

What is the average normal pH range of blood?

7.35-7.45

What percentage of blood plasma is water?

91.5%

Which of the following blood types is a person whose blood cells were agglutinated by both anti-A serum and anti-B serum, but not by anti-Rh serum?

AB negative

Which of the following is not a cranial nerve involved in the gustatory pathway to the brain?

Abducens (VI)

The plasma protein that is the major contributor to osmotic pressure is ________.

Albumin

The most important mineralcorticoid regulator of electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids is ________.

Aldosterone

The amount of ADH that is secreted by the posterior pituitary glands varies with

All of these choices

Which of the following is an example of hormone that is secreted from an endocrine gland in response to a chemical change in the blood?

All the answer selections are correct.

Which of the following antibodies would you find in the plasma of a person with type O blood?

Anti-A and Anti-B

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes.

B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.

The separation of retinal and opsin upon the presence of light is called

Bleaching

A type of hormone that acts on neighboring cells without entering the bloodstream. 1. Local hormone 2. Paracrine 3. Autocrine 4. Circulating hormone

Both 1 and 2

Glands located deep within the olfactory epithelium which produce mucus to provide a dissolving medium for gasses

Bowman's glands

Which cranial nerve is responsible for accommodation?

CN III (oculomotor)

Parathyroid hormone is the major regulator of the plasma concentration of which of the following ions?

Calcium

The ion that serves as the structural element of bones and teeth, functions in the transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and blood coagulation is

Calcium

Olfactory and gustatory receptors are normally stimulated by ________.

Chemical substances in solution

The structures responsible for the production of aqueous fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye are permeable capillaries found within

Ciliary process

In extracellular fluid the most abundant anion is:

Cl

Which leads to inflammation, enhancement of phagocytosis and lysis of microbes?

Classical and Alternative complement systems

Nerve impulses for the sense of hearing are initiated in the spiral organ (organ of corti) and then travel through ——— to the ——

Cochlear branch of cranial VIII; medulla oblongata

The angles at the end of each eye are known as

Commissures

Which of the following hormones plays a key regulatory role in the body's long-term response to stress?

Cortisol

Which of the following hormones play key regulatory roles in the body's long-term response to stress?

Cortisol, hGH, Thyroid hormone

What medical condition could result when filtration is higher than reabsorption?

Edema

Portion of the middle ear that connects to the pharynx and allows equalization of pressure on the ear drum

External auditory canal

Which of the following clotting factors is involved in strengthening and stabilizing a blood clot?

Factor XIII

binocular vision

Gives better depth perception.

One of the primary ions reabsorbed within the proximal convoluted tubule is/are

Glucose

The inhibitory neurotransmitter responsible for the "dark current"

Glutamate

These receptors cells provide for the sense of taste

Gustatory cells

Which of the following types of receptors are actually epithelial cells and replaced throughout adult life

Gustatory receptor cells

Which cells display CD4 proteins and interact with MHC Class II antigens?

Helper T cells

The anterior pituitary is closely regulated by inhibiting and releasing hormones secreted by the

Hypothalamus

Which class of antibodies is mainly found in sweat, tears, breast milk and GI secretions?

IgA

Which of the following is NOT a common response of the body to long-term stress?

Increased digestive activities

Which of the following is NOT a common effect of glucocorticoid stimulation?

Increased production of all types of blood cells

The main "ingredient" to producing thyroid hormone (both T3 and T4) is

Iodine

Which of the following statements regarding the hepatic portal system is false?

It branches off of the inferior vena cava.

Which is the correct order in the flow of tears

Lacrimal gland, lacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity.

These cells secrete testosterone.

Leydig cells

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates ovulation and the gonads to secrete progesterone and/or testosterone?

Luteninzing hormone

Select the correct statement about lymph transport.

Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles.

Which statement is correct?

Lymphatic vessels drain excess interstitial fluid from connective tissues.

The skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps are used in

Lymphatic, Immune and Cardiovascular systems

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic and immune system?

Maintaining water homeostasis in the body

Which of the following is NOT a common method of stimulating hormone secretion from an endocrine cell?

Mechanical stretching of the endocrine cell

The inner portion of the kidney that is composed of the cone-shaped renal pyramids is called the

Medulla

Which of the following situations could result in maternal antibodies attacking fetal blood cells during a second pregnancy?

Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive

If type A blood is infused into a patient with type O blood, which of the following adverse reactions would you expect to observe in the patient?

More than one of the answer selection is correct.

Hypothyroidism during adulthood can produce which of the following disorders?

Myxedema

Which of the following are characteristics of BOTH erythrocytes and thromobocytes?

No nucleus

Which blood type is generally called the universal donor?

O

The smell receptors that actually bind the order ants and begin signal transduction are located on

Olfactory hairs

In the visual pathways to the brain, the area where the optic nerves cross to opposite sides of the cerebrum is called the ________.

Optic chiasma

Which of the structures listed below is found within the cochlea and converts vibrations in the endolymph into action potentials?

Organ of corti

Tiny stones located in the vestibule and involved in static equilibrium are the ________.

Otoliths

This is direction of diffusion of gases at the alveoli of the lungs.

Oxygen into blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood

Activation of osteoclasts, increased calcium absorption by the kidneys, and increased calcium absorption by the intestines are all effects of

Parathyroid hormone

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the blood?

Production of oxygen

Presbycusis refers to age associated

Progressive loss of hearing in both ears.

Presbycusis refers to age-associated

Progressive loss of hearing in both ears.

The hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of whole blood occupied by

RBCs

Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures that a cardiac action potential follows in order to excite normal contraction of the heart?

SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers

This outer white layer of dense connective tissue serves to protect the inner parts of the eyeball

Sclera

Which cell is considered to be the most important cell in the immune system?

T helper cells

Which wave in an electrocardiogram represents repolarization of the ventricles?

T wave

PTH, calcitriol and calcitonin are

The main regulators of calcium in the blood

The blind spot of the eye is known as the optic disc is where

The optic nerves leaves the eye

All of the following are auditory ossicles except

The stapedius

Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean?

There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of olfactory receptor cells?

They are unipolar neurons.

Natural passive immunity is associated with which of the following?

Transfer of IgG from mother to fetus

All of the following cranial nerves innervate the extrinsic eye muscles except

Trigeminal

The small triangular area of the urinary bladder that contains 3 openings (2 ureter openings and 1 urethral opening) is known as the

Trigone

Histologically, the ________ is squamous epithelium that forms the endothelium.

Tunica intima

As sound waves travel through the external ear, they cause vibrations in the ear drum also known as the

Tympanic membrane

These are cells of the alveoli that produce surfactant.

Type II alveolar cells

When neither anti-A serum nor anti-B serum clot on a blood plate with donor blood, the blood is type ________.

Type O

This is the main factor that determines body fluid volume.

Urinary salt loss

Which of the following nerves conducts impulses associated with the sense of gustation

Vagus

This is a forced exhalation against the closed rima glottidis as may occur during periods of straining while defecating:

Valsalva maneuver

Which of the events below does not occur when the semilunar valves are open?

Ventricles are in diastole

Which of the following structures Carrie's action potentials generated by sound transduction

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Which of the following is true about light and vision?

When we see the color of an object, all light is being absorbed by that object except for the color being experienced.

What is the modiolus?

a bone pillar in the center of the cochlea

Anemia is defined as

a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced

The first step in the visual transduction process that occurs in the retina is

absorption of light by photopigments