MUSC171

1958-63

"The In-Between Years" -Unfair name, lots of great music produced -Rock and Roll to Beatles -Loss of many big stars to substance abuse

1980s

"The Me Decade" -Genres were blurred and morphed -Cassette and VHS tapes MTV started music videos as promotional idea

Steve Dahl

-"Disco Sucks" -Sickened by disco -Started a disco revolt

12-Bar Blues

-12 measure sections -1,1,1,1/4,4,1,1/5,4,1,1 -Sampled in a lot of rap -Can be played in any key -Very recognizable format -Some AAB, some not -Recurring train image in AFAM songs

Girl Group

-1958-1965 -Groups of young women, usually 3 -Both black and white groups, but not mixed -Brings women back into pop music -Call and response with instruments -Very radio friendly structures -AFAM and Euro hybrid -Rarely solos, performed as a group -Made black artists act more white to appeal to whites

Sam Phillips

-Alabama farm boy -Started Memphis Recording Service (50) -Started Sun Records Memphis (52)

2nd Generation Metal

-America driven in the mid 60s -Less/no riffs with controlled rhythm -Radio friendly structure -Shrill vocals, feminization -Power chords (first and fifth notes) -Medieval sound and imagery -Powerful, loud instrumental solos -Distortion and feedback, overtones -Led Zeppelin, Cream

ASCAP

-American Society of Composers, Authors & Publishers -Started in 1914, still exists today -Tried to get royalties back to music -Love country and tin-pan alley -Got US government to investigate for Payola -Wanted wholesome music only -Clean-cut groups and girl groups by the 60s and 70s

Grateful Dead

-American rock band from 65-95 -Fused many elements of other genres -Improvised -Started lyrics later into pieces -Extended solos -Very long pieces -Heavy instrumentals

1st Generation Metal

-Britain driven in the early 60s -Riffs starting high and ending low, powerful -Extended solos, long pieces -Shrill vocals, feminization -Power chords (first and fifth notes) -Medieval sound and imagery -Powerful, loud instrumental solos -Distortion and feedback, overtones -Def Leppard, Twisted Sister, Van Halen

Beatles

-British group, no "lead member" -Played at Hamburg, hardened their sound -Liverpool had more access to US, vice versa, helpful -Debuted in US after JFK assassination -Genre crossovers into R&B, art rock and psychedelic -Charted 30 songs in 1964 -1st Period: Simple & Safe (62-64) -2nd Period: Serious (65-66) -3rd Period: Studio (67-69)

Rhythm & Blues (R&B)

-Called "race music" in the early 40s -Often mixed into pop music -Performance based -Sexual and AAB lyrics -Charts consisted of primarily black artists -Rough vocal timbre -"Blue notes" -Low end emphasis -Strong backbeat -Repetition of rhythms, verses and notes -Emotional themes (sad or happy)

Art Rock

-Classical composition techniques -Grandiose/surreal themes and lyrics -Orchestra and rock band together -Album oriented instead of song focused -Complex structure, frequent changes -Dissonance (tones that clash) -Studio effects and use of electronics -Writing for artistic purposes -Concept albums

CBGB

-Club in NYC -Country, Bluegrass and Blues -Had Punk Sundays, helped popularity of punk -Hosted the Ramones first shows

Rap

-Dozens: insult game, bragging -Personality Djs talk over records -Jamaican toasting: combination of Dozens and DJs -Sound system battles, like yard dances -Quick mixing, drop in sounds and samples -Lots over disco hits in 70s -Reflects on popular culture, becomes political

Mainstream Rock

-Driving tempo/beat -Lyrics about real life, the American working class -Structurally simple and understandable -Use of organ, bells and horns -All western instruments (grassroots) -High and low end emphasis -Vocally similar to R&B, "shouter" technique

Disco

-Flugel horn, strings and percussion prominent -Appealed to gay, latino and black audiences -Name comes from "discotheques" in Europe -Was called "party music" in the 40s -Late 60s to early 70s, gained popularity -Bee Gees brought to the mainstream -DJs created hits on the dance floor, not radio -Organized dances to big hits -Syncopated electric bass line -Steve Dahl "Disco Sucks" rioting and revolt -People found threatening: sexual, connected to fashion, drugs, somewhat alienating from dancing

Blues-Based Rock

-Fusion genre with both blues and rock -Heavy electric ensemble sound -Recreated many Chicago Blues songs -Edgy sound, fuzz tones, "gritty" -White structure (16 and 18 measures) -Faster tempo than typical blues music -Wanted to tie a rebellious image to music

Chicago Blues

-Inspired blues-based rock -Syncopated feel -Low end emphasis (especially in percussion) -Call and response -Irregular section lengths, not radio friendly -Improvised -Sexual/virile lyrics

KISS

-Invented the live concert album genre -Glam rock group -Popular for their power ballads -Easy to sing, no choreographed dancing = inviting

Stoller and Lieber

-Jerry and Mike -American songwriting and record producing partners -Wrote many hits for Elvis -R&B, Pop, but most notably Rock 'n Roll hits -Wrote Hound Dog for Big Mama Thornton

4 Important Rap Icons

-Kool Herc (cutting and mixing) -Afrika Bambaataa (recording music off TV) -Grandmaster Flash (quick mixing) -DJ Grand Wizard Theodore (scratching)

Allen Ginsberg

-Leader of counterculture -Poet and writer -Focus on inner peace

Soul

-Low end emphasis -Cathartic lyrical content -Borrows from R&B -Performance based, musician had more control -Lots of brass, drums, piano and guitar -8 measure sections

Rock 'n Roll

-Mid 40s to early 60s -Earlier is text heavy -White artists desexualized lyrics -Consistent section lengths (12 measures) -High end emphasis, bright sound -Both black and white influence -Sometimes called "rockabilly" in 1950s -Guitar solo (at least one) -Discussed relatable events and conflicts -Stop time

Glam Rock

-Objectification of the male body, about image -Participatory/easy lyrical content, catchy -Powerful use of unison -European structure (16 measures) -Radio friendly (lots of choruses) -Could play at home, simple across the board -No choreographed dancing -Syncopated rhythm

Pop

-Often mixed into R&B -Emphasis on riffs -16 measure sections with refrains -Lots of choruses, radio friendly structure -Tries to appeal to a general audience -Emphasis on recording, not performance -Short, simple and melodic structure -Simple accompaniment (Beatles) -Content was mostly positive, an escape

Malcolm McLaren

-Owned the "Sex" store -Brought CBGB punk to the UK -Formed the Sex Pistols as their manager

1950s

-Post WWII -People start moving into the countryside -Focus shifts to suburbia and the nuclear family -Television becomes widespread and popular -Influenced by gospel -Lots of call and response

3 Eras of Rock 'n Roll

-Pre-Beatles -Golden Age of Teenage Music -Beginning of Rock

1960s

-Race problem -Repressed sexuality -Widespread poverty -Civil rights movement

WDIA

-Radio station in late 1910s -First all black radio station

Folk

-Serious issues addressed, political often -Text-heavy lyrics -Means "music of the people" -Acoustic guitar, moves electric (Dylan) -Performance based, not a "polished" sound -Refrains instead of full choruses

Punk

-Simple/basic dancing -Bricolage: use of material in unconventional ways -Ideal of rebellion, oppositional lyrics -Early called Bubblegum ____, catchy and easy -Very simple and repetitive structure -Not very "talented" musicians, technically -Edgy/angry timbre, in voice and guitar -8 measure sections, lots of them

Berry Gordy

-Started Motown -Had the strategy of writing teams -Separated singers/performers from the writers -Adapted his music to technology trends -Would employ black singers but wouldn't show them on the record covers to sell to white audiences -Had a quality control division

Phil Spector

-Started Philles Label -Genius music producer -Created the Wall of Sound -Mentally unwell, is now in prison for murder -Tried to kill his wife Ronnie, from the Ronettes

Jim Stewart

-Started Stax -Trusted people, a relaxed guy -Improved musical sound -Played fiddle personally -Company went bankrupt, he kept low profile afterward

Motown

-Started by Berry Gordy Jr. -American record company -Short for motor-town (nickname for Detroit) -First headquarters called Hitsville USA -Played an important role in racial integration -67% of tracks made it onto charts -Had strategy of writing teams -Adapted to modern technology -Song: Stop! In the Name of Love by the Supremes

Stax

-Started by Jim Stewart -American record company -Out of Memphis -Output of AFAM music, ethnically integrated -Nicknamed Soulsville, USA -Sparser texture than Philles/Motown -Performance based -Use of horns -Song: Soul Man by Sam & Dave

Chess

-Started by Leonard/Phil Chess (Polish brothers) -American record company -Out of Chicago -Described as "America's greatest blues label" -Known for producing Chicago Blues hits -Song: You Need Love by Muddy Waters

Philles

-Started by Phil Spector -American record company -Wall of Sound, layered to sound dense -Focused on hit singles, not albums -Had a relationship with the Brill Building in NYC -Overdubbing to sound like more musicians -Drum fills -Song: Be My Baby by the Ronettes

Michael Jackson's 3 Music Video Genres

-The American Film Musical (Beat It) -The Concept Video (Billie Jean) -The Movie Video (Thriller)

Social Changes of the 45

-Urban Renewal: started in the Bronx (rap), a slum -Integration: high racial poverty rate -Immigration: Caribbean trans-culture

AM Station

Amplitude modulation -Thinner sound -Went for longer distances

FM Station

Frequency modulation -Better sound -Went for shorter distances -Typical for classical/psychedelic song play

Advice Song

Gives you advice -"My mama said" -Directed towards young women -Characteristic of girl groups

Payola

To give someone money to do something -Type of lobbying -ASCAP wanted this investigated in music -Starts on a game show called "21"