Muscular System

What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff:

1. supraspinatus 2. infraspinatus 3. subscapularis 4. teres minor

3 types of muscle tissues:

1. visceral/smooth 2. cardiac 3. skeletal

The extrinsic muscles are organized into ____ layers: Best visualized _____:

2; superficial and deeep posteriorly

Intrinsic mucles: - there are ____ muscles in this group and what are they:

6: deltoid teres major 4 rotator cuff muscles

movement of a limb AWAY from the midline of the body

abduction

Supraspinatus: _____ the arms __-___º

abducts / 0-15º

movement of limb TOWARDS the midline of the body

adduction

movement of a limb in which the distal end encompasses a circle, which the proximal end remains fixed

circumduction

Each skeletal muscle consists of thousands of muscle fibers wrapped together by ___ ____ ____:

connective tissue sheaths

The _____ muscle is shaped like an inverted triangle. It can be divided into _____ fibers: (what are they)

deltoid / 3; anterior, posterior and middle

movement of the body part inferiorly

depression

backward bending of the hand/foot

dorsiflexion

movement of the body part superiorly:

elevation

the innermost connective tissue sheath surrounding the individual muscle fiber

endomysium

the outermost connective tissue sheath surrounding the entire muscle

epimysium

movement of the sole of the foot AWAY from the midline of the body

eversion

the straightening of a limb/joint

extension

Posterior fibers: ____ and ____ rotation

extension and lateral

rotating a joint AWAY from the midline of the body

external rotation

Originate from the torso, and attach to the bones of the shoulder (what bones are included:

extrinsic (clavicle, scapula & humerus)

the individual bundles of muscles fibers in a skeletal muscle:

fasciculi

the bending of a limb/joint:

flexion

Anterior Fibers: _____ and _____ rotation

flexion and medial

rotating a joint TOWARDS the midline of the body

internal rotation

Originate from the scapula and/or clavicle, and attach to the humerus:

intrinsic

movement of the sole of the foot TOWARDS the midline of the body

inversion

infraspinatus: ____ rotates the arm

laterally

teres minor: ____ rotates the arm

laterally

This muscle extends, adducts and medially rotates the upper limb:

latissimus dorsi

What muscles make up the deep layer:

levator scapula, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor

A small strap-like muscle. It begins in the neck and descends to attach to the scapula:

levator scapulae (elevates the scapula)

Middle fibers: the ____ ____ of the arm

major abductor

subscapularis: ____ rotates the arm

medially

the flexion and extension of 1 or more muscles (give example)

opposition (bicep curl; when you flex your bicep, your tricep extends)

the connective tissue sheath covering each fasciculus

perimysium

movement of the foot in a downward motion away from the body

plantar flexion

Intrinsic muscles are best visualized on the _____ aspect of the shoulder:

posterior

The rotator cuff is best visualized on the _____ aspect of the shoulder

posterior

Both rhomboid minor and major are best visualized _____:

posteriorly

the rotary movement meaning downward

pronation

movement of the body part anteriorly

protraction

movement of the body part posteriorly

retraction

Retracts and rotates the scapula:

rhomboid major

Retracts and rotates the scapula (sits just anterior to ___ _____)

rhomboid minor

The ____ _____ muscles are a group of ____ muscles that originate from the scapula and attach to the humeral head:

rotator cuff / 4 muscles

the rotary movement meaning upward

supination

Adducts and extends at the shoulder, and medially rotates the arm:

teres major

What is the function/action of the muscular system:

to produce body movement, heat and maintain posture

Is a broad, flat and triangular muscle. The muscles on each side form a trapezoid shape. It is the most superficial of all the back muscles:

trapezius

What 2 muscles make up the superficial layer:

trapezius and latissimus dorsi

The _____ fibers of the trapezius elevate the scapula and _____ it during _____ of the arm. The ____ fibers _____ the scapula The _____ fibers _____ the scapula inferiorly

upper / rotate / abduction middle / retract lower / pull

The muscles of the shoulder are associated with the movements of the ______ ____. They produce the characteristic shape of the shoulder and can be divided into ___ groups: What are the 2 groups:

upper limbs / 2 extrinsic and intrinsic