Muscular System
What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff:
1. supraspinatus 2. infraspinatus 3. subscapularis 4. teres minor
3 types of muscle tissues:
1. visceral/smooth 2. cardiac 3. skeletal
The extrinsic muscles are organized into ____ layers: Best visualized _____:
2; superficial and deeep posteriorly
Intrinsic mucles: - there are ____ muscles in this group and what are they:
6: deltoid teres major 4 rotator cuff muscles
movement of a limb AWAY from the midline of the body
abduction
Supraspinatus: _____ the arms __-___º
abducts / 0-15º
movement of limb TOWARDS the midline of the body
adduction
movement of a limb in which the distal end encompasses a circle, which the proximal end remains fixed
circumduction
Each skeletal muscle consists of thousands of muscle fibers wrapped together by ___ ____ ____:
connective tissue sheaths
The _____ muscle is shaped like an inverted triangle. It can be divided into _____ fibers: (what are they)
deltoid / 3; anterior, posterior and middle
movement of the body part inferiorly
depression
backward bending of the hand/foot
dorsiflexion
movement of the body part superiorly:
elevation
the innermost connective tissue sheath surrounding the individual muscle fiber
endomysium
the outermost connective tissue sheath surrounding the entire muscle
epimysium
movement of the sole of the foot AWAY from the midline of the body
eversion
the straightening of a limb/joint
extension
Posterior fibers: ____ and ____ rotation
extension and lateral
rotating a joint AWAY from the midline of the body
external rotation
Originate from the torso, and attach to the bones of the shoulder (what bones are included:
extrinsic (clavicle, scapula & humerus)
the individual bundles of muscles fibers in a skeletal muscle:
fasciculi
the bending of a limb/joint:
flexion
Anterior Fibers: _____ and _____ rotation
flexion and medial
rotating a joint TOWARDS the midline of the body
internal rotation
Originate from the scapula and/or clavicle, and attach to the humerus:
intrinsic
movement of the sole of the foot TOWARDS the midline of the body
inversion
infraspinatus: ____ rotates the arm
laterally
teres minor: ____ rotates the arm
laterally
This muscle extends, adducts and medially rotates the upper limb:
latissimus dorsi
What muscles make up the deep layer:
levator scapula, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor
A small strap-like muscle. It begins in the neck and descends to attach to the scapula:
levator scapulae (elevates the scapula)
Middle fibers: the ____ ____ of the arm
major abductor
subscapularis: ____ rotates the arm
medially
the flexion and extension of 1 or more muscles (give example)
opposition (bicep curl; when you flex your bicep, your tricep extends)
the connective tissue sheath covering each fasciculus
perimysium
movement of the foot in a downward motion away from the body
plantar flexion
Intrinsic muscles are best visualized on the _____ aspect of the shoulder:
posterior
The rotator cuff is best visualized on the _____ aspect of the shoulder
posterior
Both rhomboid minor and major are best visualized _____:
posteriorly
the rotary movement meaning downward
pronation
movement of the body part anteriorly
protraction
movement of the body part posteriorly
retraction
Retracts and rotates the scapula:
rhomboid major
Retracts and rotates the scapula (sits just anterior to ___ _____)
rhomboid minor
The ____ _____ muscles are a group of ____ muscles that originate from the scapula and attach to the humeral head:
rotator cuff / 4 muscles
the rotary movement meaning upward
supination
Adducts and extends at the shoulder, and medially rotates the arm:
teres major
What is the function/action of the muscular system:
to produce body movement, heat and maintain posture
Is a broad, flat and triangular muscle. The muscles on each side form a trapezoid shape. It is the most superficial of all the back muscles:
trapezius
What 2 muscles make up the superficial layer:
trapezius and latissimus dorsi
The _____ fibers of the trapezius elevate the scapula and _____ it during _____ of the arm. The ____ fibers _____ the scapula The _____ fibers _____ the scapula inferiorly
upper / rotate / abduction middle / retract lower / pull
The muscles of the shoulder are associated with the movements of the ______ ____. They produce the characteristic shape of the shoulder and can be divided into ___ groups: What are the 2 groups:
upper limbs / 2 extrinsic and intrinsic