Music 8: The Beatles

Songs Composed Back In England

"Martha My Dear" Paul McCartney (piano) "Birthday" Paul McCartney (electric guitar)

Beatles do verse verse form.

"She Loves You"- verses are building to a climactic cause

Notable Recordings Not Released

"What's the New Mary Jane" (Lennon, with Ono and Harrison)--> experimental piece uses musique concrete--> uses tape recorders and manipulates them -"Not Guilty" (Harrison); Harrison was getting pretty good but he had to fight to have his music taken at the same level as the hierarchal Paul & John -playing against the bitterness of his bandmates

Songs Composed in India (Acoustic Guitar)

-"Julia" - John Lennon -"I Will"- Paul McCartney -"While My Guitar" "Gently Weeps"- George Harrison -Lennon and McCartney became particularly skilled at playing keyboard instruments

April 11, 1963

-"Please Please Me has hit #1 as an album and as a single.

"Rain"

-1966 single -B side of "Paperback Writer" -slow and heavy LSD song -special effect--> for the first time you have sound of human voice singing but it's backwards -wall-to-wall massive sound -drone like harmony -special studio effects

"Paperback Writer"

-1966 single -fast, journalistic, slice-of-life narrative -McCartney is missing two teeth in the video -wall to wall sound-- massive sound -drone-like harmony -special studio effects

"The Inner Light"

-1968 B side of "Lady Madonna" -George Harrison -Lamps of Fire= religious poems collection from Eastern culture -George got this book and is impacted by Chinese text. -Last of the music done by the Beatles that was influenced by Hindustani music -Norwegian Wood--> Within You Without You--> Inner Light

"Come Together" (Lennon)

-1969 on Abbey Road -Montreal Bed-In June 1969 -Recording "Give Peace a Chance" -Timothy Leary was kicked out of Harvard as a professor and became a high guru for the benefits of pyschedelia and drugs--> became a counter-culture figure in 1960s & 1970s -By this time, Abbey Road studio had gone from 4 track to 8 track recording -verse--> chorus

"The Long and Winding Road" (McCartney)

-1970 on Let it Be -"Get Back" was also on Let it Be -McCartney never liked what Phil Spector did to this song

"Taxman"

-2nd song on Revolver (1966) -2/3 by George Harrison -This is a song in which the persona (George) is complaining about the high marginal rate of taxation in UK at the time. -Lead guitar break played by Paul McCartney seems to be trying to imitate a sitar w/ electric guitar. -Same beginning chord in "The Word"

Abbey Road (1969)

-Album cover: Lennon is in all white--> he adapted to this because Yoko Ono loved all white. -Clearly individuals--> Paul is barefoot. -New songs -Leftovers from "White Album" -Leftovers from "Get Back" -Side 1: individual songs by each band member -Side 2: ends with Medley of songs

John Lennon & How I Won the War

-Anti-war film on Vietnam war -Richard Lester thought Lennon, an untrained actor, would be suited for this film -shot in Spain -John's beginning in getting concerned about the war in Southeast Asia

Yellow Submarine

-Beatles gave blessing for creation of animated film where characters are based off Beatles and their music is used throughout the film. Amazing animation for the 1960s not the Beatles' voices behind each character, but pretty good indicators of their voices

From Beatles Ltd to Apple Corps Ltd

-Beatles were not doing well financially. -Epstein dies and leaves Beatles without experience and knowledge, so they create their own corporation known as Apple Corp limited. -Rene Magritte did the art for it (painting). -Yoko Ono's apple piece may come into play on this idea's root. -In it for goodness, not to make money

1968- A memorable year in the West

-Black power (standing up against segregation and oppression) -May 1968 in Paris- government of shaudegaul was practically taken down by a student-led revolution -political assassination of Kennedy

1966 summer

-Brian Epstein has arranged for them to tour more in Asia, Germany, the U.S -This is their third and final tour of North America -Beatles never liked how Capitol records did whatever they wanted with their records -Baby bloody cover: shot bc Capitol Records keeps butchering thier albums -More controversial for Lennon to say "We're bigger than Jesus" than him saying the N word. Literally made Beatles fear for their lives. -No more touring--> end of Beatles as a live act.

The White Album as Postmodern Work

-Bricolage- has to do with constructing something w/ a diverse range of things that don't seem to have anything to do with each other -Plural tone-can mean one thing but can also mean something else -Meta-art- another kind of way of breaking down the art; we are very self-conscious of ourselves and the artwork

"Within You Without You"

-Deepest exploration of George Harrison's interest in Hindustani music depicted on this track

"Happiness is a Warm Gun"

-Inspired by book by Charles Shultz titles Happiness is a Warm Puppy along with "American Rifleman" in May 1968.. Lennon saw this thing about how happiness is a a warm gun--> Father & son go shooting. Teach each other how to shoot -Original: "I need a fix" and "Mother Superior" jumped the gun" and "Yoko Ono" -Yoko and John developed a heroin addiction. -John Addressed his wife as "Mother Superior" -Later, Yoko Ono dropped "Happiness is a warm gun" added as an ending in Doo-Wop style<-- this fragment had a very typical succession of chords -turned into a conventional band number even though it began with Lennon singing and playing acoustic guitar

"Revolution 9"

-John Lennon last 5-6 minutes of long version of Revolution--> first part is cut out and last part has long outro where all this crazy stuff goes on Avant-garde composition developed on top of last 6 minutes of long version original of "Revolution" (first four minutes became Revolution 1) -Yoko Ono (John Cage, Variations IV) -Based on at least 154 different ideas from at least 45 different sources

"Because"

-John, Paul, and George used to do 3 part harmonies on their old songs and in 1969 you hear it again in this song. -Arpeggiated keyboard chords also similar to Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata

"Revolution Series"

-Late May: Demo. "Revolution" (Lennon, composed in India) -Late May to early June studio recordings: "Revolution" (bluesy, shuffle style, eventually stretched to 10'47'') --> verse chorus -Late June: long version of "Revolution" divided into 2 pieces: "Revolution 1" and "Revolution 9" (avant-garde work w/ Ono) -July: "Revolution" (hard rock) recorded ("Out") -Late August: "Revolution" single released ("Out") -Late August: Street Fighting Man single released September: "Revolution" promo video released. ("Out. In.") November: "Revolution 1" released ("Out. In.")

"Good morning Good morning"

-Lennon -Kellogg's corn flakes commercial rooster -The Beach Boys pet sounds ends w dog barking -In Lennon's song, you will hear series of animal sounds by the end -Lennon begins by having 5 beats/bar and then has 1 bar--> 1,2,3--> 1,2,3,4 -Verse is completely metrically all over the place--> characteristic of Lennon

September 1969

-Lennon privately announces intention to leave --> He kept it a secret but decided he was going to leave.

"She's Leaving Home"

-McCartney -Inspired by newspaper article that McCartney saw about girl who ran away from home (and was found safely) -Melanie Coe was her name in real life -somebody else did George Martin's job for him because he was out of town and he was not happy about it -Intro--> Verse--> Chorus--> Verse--> Chorus--> Verse--> Chorus--> Coda

Million Volt Light and Sound Rave "Carnival of Light"

-McCartney is seen with iconic figures of the time on the cover of volume 6 of The International Times, showing how McCartney is becoming more involved with the underground. -Rave poster with psychedelic effects... McCartney was asked to compose something. Musique concrete- McCartney makes naturally occurring sounds and plays things at different speeds, creating this mix of sounds he calls "Carnival of Lights," We don't know what it sounded like because it's never been released.

"Glass Onion" (Lennon)

-Meta art-->Self-consciousness about conventions and codes -A glass onion is a large vessel shaped like an onion with a flat part that you can pick up and drink from

"The Beatles" aka The White Album

-Not dominated by McCartney -More individual, less group effort -Acrimonious sessions -Wide range of styles, no unity or monotonic meaning(post-modern) -"Helter Shelter" (PM) -"Good Night" JL -"Honey Pie" PM -"Revolution 9" JL -Ringo Starr quit the band for 7-10 days because he was done w/ Yoko Ono's bull.

Sgt Pepper Sessions

-Nov 24, 1966-Apr 1, 1967 -Recollections of childhood in Liverpool -two of the songs were put out as singles ahead of the album and were not included on the album---> "Strawberry Fields Forever" (Lennon) and "Penny Lane" McCartney -Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band -Alter ego for the Beatles -sped up tapes, slowed down tapes -first few songs seem to be dramatically related in the sense that they are reminiscent of childhood in Liverpool

Yoko Ono & Indica Gallery

-October 1966- Indica bookstore & gallery-- where Lennon was first introduced to Yoko Ono

"Penny Lane"

-Paul McCartney indulging his interest in classical music. -J.S. Bach had idea that piccolo trumpet would be great on this song. This is how David Mason found his way into the recording studio. -McCartney had become an admirer of Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys, who had very high artistic ambitions.

Paul McCartney & The Family Way

-Paul is also involved in cinema (behind the camera), writing music for a film called The Family Way in which a couple just got married. He was asked to make music for this film. George Martin helped in transcribing his ideas from the piano into rhythmic notation.

"Ob-La-Di Ob-La-Da" (McCartney)

-Plural Tone (Multiple Interpretation) 1.Music hall singalong--> everyone coming together 2. Everyday Black life in Britain--> increasing size of Britain's black population in the colony -Calypso, Trinidad narrative--> this style tells stories about people and things -McCartney was particularly sensitive to the oppression that black people felt -Ska beat -verse chorus

"Helter Skelter" (McCartney)

-Plural Tone and Meta-Art -"Helter Skelter"- anything that's sort of disordered or confused; also the name of an amusement park/ playground ride -multiple fadeouts -breaks the "fourth wall"

"Ask Me Why"

-Primarily written by Lennon -January 11, 1963 -Title of song might resonate in some way with Tell me why by Smoky Robinson in the miracles -New York Latin rhythm

"Please Please Me"

-Primarily written by Lennon -January 11, 1963 -Verse(A)-verse(A)-bridge(B)-verse(A) -contrast in bridge -"COME ON COME ON" = refrain -"Last night I said these words to my girl..." verse -"You don't need to show me the way love.." verse -Any stanza that ends in come on come on is a verse. -Bridge-"I don't want to sound complaining but you know there's always rain in my heart..." -credited to Lennon/McCartney

Bricolage

-Rearrangement & juxtaposition of previously unconnected signifying objects to produce new meanings in new contexts Juxtaposition of signs to produce a collage of images from different times and places. -Confounds genre -Mixture of high and low -Quotations of multiples styles "Your Blues", "Goodnight", Lennon "Honey Pie" McCartney

"Lady Madonna"

-Released as a single in 1968 w/ B side "The Inner Light" -McCartney references a style known as Barrel-House Piano style, which is about how the left hand plays the piano -drifts from psychedelic vibes -"see how they run"- McCartney making clear reference to Lennon's "I Am the Walrus" -Not only has musical style changed, but you can see by music video that the Beatles have moved on from Sgt. Pepper's and no longer have mustaches, colorful outfits, stuff that relates to psychedelia

"Love You to"

-Revolver (1966) -George Harrison -First piece of music recorded by Beatles that makes use of style and structure of North Indian classical music (Hinudstani music) -Sitar, Tabla, Tampura, Swarmandel -Drone (one chord) -Slow introduction: allap-swarmandal +sitar -Drupad verse + tabla

"Got to Get You Into My Life"

-Revolver (1966) -Paul McCartney -McCartney's ode to pot. He didn't know what the other road led to that he wasn't ready for. -drone chord -intro verse bridge verse bridge chorus verse bridge coda -The Beach Boys "The Little Girl I Once Knew" is a heavy influence on this track. (1965)--> few seconds of no motion

Reception

-Sgt Pepper released June 1, 1967 -Jimi Hendrix Experience Saville Theater, London June 4, 1967 Jimi Hendrix is covering Sgt. Peppers already. Jimi hasn't yet learned a lot of the words so he messed up a lot.

Double A side Single (1967)

-Strawberry Fields + Penny Lane were real places in the 1940s that John and Paul had memories of from growing up in Liverpool -Penny Lane is a street in Liverpool--> Barber showing photographs -Contrasting melodic types, similarly psychedelic lyrics -John and Paul are playing around with the same idea but have their key stylistic differences. -Lennon- more monotone (little emotion) -McCartney= changes voice (shows emotion)

"Back in the USSR"

-The White Album (1968) -Quotation of multiple styles involving Chuck Berry's songs and narratives such as "Back in the USA" where Chuck is glad to be flying home -or Chuck Berry "Sweet Little Sixteen" 1958 -Ray Charles "Georgia on My Mind" 1960 McCartney realized that Georgia was probably the Soviet Union -verse-->chorus -has a guitar solo

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi

-Transcendental meditation -Maharishi taught simple meditation technique None of the Beatles really stayed with it but George Harrison was largely interested.

"A Day in the Life"

-about drugs -BBC radio refused to play it because words "I love to turn you on" followed by sound appeared to be a sinister reference. BBC attempted to ban song -McCartney had an orchestra begin at a low pitch and by the end of 24 bars, reach the highest note the instrument is capable of -Avant Garde classical music- we know McCartney was interested in it.

"Please Please Me" LP

-debut album by the Beatles -8 originals and 6 cover songs -covers wide range of contemporary styles -"Love Me Do"/"Ask Me why" emulates a 30 minute set. -Emulates what a live performance by the Beatles might've been like

"Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds"

-idea did not come from drugs, but by a drawing Julian Lennon brought home from school 1 day and he called it Lucy in the Sky of Diamonds -Lennon's voice is manipulated 1,2,3 count Through the Looking Glass by Lewis Carol- Alice is in the river. -Intro--> verse--> bridge-->refrain--> outro

Highbrow process

-intellectual, impactful piece on who the Beatles were in western culture

3rd beat in the bar

-next strongest stressed in melody

"I Saw Her Standing There"

-primarily written by McCartney -December 6, 1963 -influences: The Coasters// "Young Blood", Chuck Berry//"Little Queenie" -George Harrison has a full guitar solo surprise ending-has a bridge and not a chorus verse-verse-bridgeform -"Well she was just seventeen, you know what i mean"- verse -refrain- oh when i saw her standing there -bridge "well my heart when boom when i crossed that room and held her hand in mine"

"With a Little Help From My Friends"

-references drugs -2nd song on album

"She Loves You"

-released in 1964 -dissonant chord at the end which is a "wait for it" moment -Yeah yeah yeah became expression--> Beatlemania developed -Beatles are making England people sound like American kids -chorus-verse-verse-chorus-verse-chorus -refrain: "She says she loves you and you know that can't be bad..... and you know you should be glad" chorus= "she loves you yeah yeah yeah yeah everything else is a verse

"Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite"

-song world taking us back to the circus--> a place where children like to go -Lennon is using the sound of a steam organ (kaleiopy) -- use steam to create pressure-- triggered by a keyboard so you can play melodies on it -Using organ + kaleiopy, George Martin & John Lennon created a tape piece that incorporated these kinds of sounds

1st beat in the bar

-strongest stressed in melody and likeliest place for a chord change

"Strawberry Fields Forever" (Compositional Process)

-went through a variety of different compositional versions -George Martin is involved sharing ideas, allowing song to progress from Take 1 (demo) to Take 7 ("airy"). Beatles all contribute. -Mellotron, guitar, drums -Mellotron= early electronic instrument becoming popular in 1960s, triggered by keyboard but had tape loops inside-- keys would trigger playing of these tape loops; a lot of British rock bands loved this rudimentary instrument. Beatles used it once in a while. -Take 7 was going to be declared the final version but Lennon thought about it and a few days later the Beatles re-grouped and worked towards a heavier sound. -Take 26 ("heavy")- trumpets, allos, backwards cymbals, guitar, swarmandal, other effects--> faster--> long and unexpected outro -End of song says "cranberry sauce" -Discovered through trial and error that if one version was slowed down, it would lower the pitch and if sped up, it would increase the pitch, so they married the 2--> 1,2,3,4 come from take 7 and 5,6,7 come from take 26 in the rhythmic count

"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band"

.-1st song on album

Brian Epstein

10 years old, different generation, upper middle class background important figure in Beatles' history as a band trusted with management of department store's record Curiosity and interest in Beatles is sparked, he goes to meet with them in Liverpool at the Cavern Club (1962)

"Hello Goodbye"

1967 Magical Mystery Tour -Lennon McCartney -Unexpected hula girls at end -Christmas single of 1967 -B side= a song from TV film Magical Mystery Tour, which is "I Am The Walrus" -motivation of this song: Lennon heard that teachers were interpreting their "poetry", taking it very seriously so Lennon made something that they would keep scratching their heads at

"All You Need is Love"

1967 Magical Mystery Tour -Lennon sings she loves you head yeah yeah

"I Am the Walrus"

1967 Magical Mystery Tour -Lennon's song -Alice in Wonderland has a convo w Humpty Dumpty Edgar Allen Poe reference--> his face is on the corner of Sgt. Pepper -first time Yoko Ono and Lennon collaborated--> they're not lovers yet

When did John Marry Yoko?

1969 -autobiographical song called "The Ballad of John and Yoko" -Married in British bottom of Spain in Gibrattar due to issues with Yoko Ono's residency -protest the war of Vietnam in their bed, eat a chocolate cake to protest it -John has a line about being crucified which refers to the time when John compared himself to Jesus, and the south wanted to crucify him -bed peace, hair piece, favoring peace One of Yoko Ono's most important works was "Grapefruit" before she met Lennon which was based on purely coneptual ideas. It is a box that says grapefruit. Inside there is instruction for various pieces of art that are purely conceptual. -By 1969, John Lennon isn't acting as a Beatle anymore but rather him and Yoko are using their celebrity titles to make political statements -John and Paul play all the instruments in John's song--> Ringo and George are out of the country. Song was released by the Beatles but it was just John and Paul.

on beats

1st and 3rd beat

duple meter

2 beats per bar

The Everly Brothers

2 singers that sang in close harmony They were known as Don and Phil Everly and were both singers. They would attract the main melody with different notes. John and Paul both loved their records.

off beats

2nd and 4th beats (weaker)

triple meter

3 beats per bar

verse-verse-bridge-verse

32-bar form (AABA form) verse (8) verse (8) bridge (8) verse (8) =32 bar form

quadruple meter

4 beats per bar

"I Want To Hold Your Hand"

4-track recording -this was record that brought Beatles to widespread attention in the US -boogie guitar pattern -influence from the Everly Brothers by John and Pauls close two part harmony -rhythmic clapping=influence of a girl group -verse-verse-bridge-verse -bridge-"and when i touch you i feel happy inside" first verse- john singing second verse- john and paul in harmony -on second album "Meet the Beatles"

Skiffle

A genre through which teenagers began making their music. A very simple form of popular music that didn't have a lot of sophistication to it. In between jazz sets, there were short performances that brought people to use supplies as instruments

Cliff Richard

A singer who was in a band in the shadows

"I Want You" (She's So Heavy) - John Lennon

Abbey Road (1969)

Rhythm and Blues

Affected rock- was a sort of down and dirty type of music which the Beatles loved

Billy Preston

An American brought into the studio -George Harrison says there was a 100% improvement in their attitudes and fighting when this guy entered the studio because no one wanted to show how bitchy they were.

Fragmentation

Art related to fragments rather than complicated, organic wholes "Wild Honey Pie" AND "Can you take me back"

"This Boy"

B side of I want to hold your hand primarily written by Lennon

Apple Boutique

Beatles decided to open a boutique in central London where people bought clothing. -Neighbors in London complained about their crazy mural, so it was painted white -1968- closed because it wasn't doing so well

The Isley Brothers//Twist & Shout

Beatles loved the Isley brothers.

Early 1960s

Beatles made a lot of extended trips to Hamburg.

"A controlled weirdness... A kind of Western commission"

Beatles want to promote artists they think deserve recognition -Euphoric project that showed how Beatles are trying to do something that they don't know much about -Other album: Two Virgins--> first collaboration between Yoko and Lennon on music -Lennon's wife wasn't home and Lennon invited her to help and they made love that night. -Two Virgins cover had nudity and John and Yoko were naked. This was under Apple Records. -The album cover was recalled and a paper bag was put over everything but their faces. This would influence John into integrating this kind of music into the Beatles' music much to their dismay.

Detroit (Motown)

Became a really popular place of production and was a record label

George Harrison & Eric Clapton & Here Comes the Sun (Clapton-Harrison)

Best buds.. Patty got in between them -Led to "While my Guitar Gently Weeps" (The Beatles) and "Badge" (Cream) -"Here Comes the Sun" uses Moog synthesizer -Hindustani music stuck with George Harrison, giving this song the flavor it had -verse-chorus

"That'll Be the Day" (1957)

Big hit by Buddy Holly. Buddy made it okay to be nerdy and play rock and roll.

Rhythm

Concerned with the time element of music and unfolds chronologically unlike painting in art Time is being divided, broken into a rhythmic pulse

Chicago August 1968

Democrats met to determine who their presidential candidate was going to be. Kennedy was assassinated, so he was no longer an option. Humphrey was chosen. -Summer of 1968- Beatles were more political than psychedelic

Chuck Berry

Died at 90. Interesting figure because he was an African American man who wrote songs that could have been written to appeal to old traditional white people. A lot of his songs had to do with high school, riding around town with your girl, or getting a coffee; just pedestrian things -Not only a good singer but also a very good guitar player Wrote his own songs. "Johnny B. Goode" is what we call simple verse-chorus form. Music of verse and music of chorus is the same. Break in middle with guitar leads to essentially two more times of playing the same idea. Relates to 12 bar form

Sgt Pepper and the Counterculture

Drugs-- "A Little Help From My Friends"--marijuana "Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds"- LSD "A Day in the Life"- makes references to psychotropic drugs part of the counterculture The Exotic-- "Within You Without You" Sexual Freedom-- "Lovely Rita"- birth control pill had become widely available--> young people can have free love Freedom from burgeois conventions "She's Leaving Home" Sense of Community -not being competitive with each other, album cover reveals this welcoming attitude

Example of use of closed verse

End of "Please Please Me"

14-Hour Technicolor Dream

Event done as a benefit. International Times publishers were getting sued so they needed to raise funds. Got sued for publishing inappropriate content. -Pink Floyd was really beginning to grow popular at this time. -psychedelic means "increased perception" -Yoko Ono "Cut Piece" -A good description of world in which the Beatles undertook their next batch of recordings.

Manchester

Few weeks after Royal Variety show, Beatles perform in Manchester England in Nov 1963 Very nicely produced film called Beatles Come to Town; it's in color.

George Harrison & Ravi Shankar

George Harrison met Ravi Shankar in London and arranges to take lessons with him to travel to India and meet with him to further his exploration of Hinudstaani music. -Ravi was confused at first. He said it's strange to see pop musicians with sitars. Ravi found that Goerge really wanted to learn and never though that their meeting would cause such an explosion that Indian music would occur in pop.

September 4, 1962

George Martin invited Ringo to play the drums Martin wasn't convinced by Ringo and didn't think he was the best they could come up with.

Wonderwall

George is asked to compose for a pyschedelic film about a scientist who is ellipsed to the other side of a wall and is on the street and sees a model named Penny Lane and becomes invested in her. You can see George's interest in North Indian music. January 1968- George travels to Mumbai, India, and in the EMI recording studios, he records music that will end up being in Wonderwall

Names of notes

Given by names of letters--> C,D,E,F,G,A,B F and G= 4 and 5 chords C= 1st chord These three chords are repeated in "Johnny B. Goode's" simple verse chorus (by Chuck Berry).

"Something" (George Harrison)

Here, we observe the Beatles breaking their rule of only releasing singles as singles and any songs on the album are not singles. -Last image in music video is George Harrison's face because he wrote the song.

Elvis Presley "Heartbreak Hotel" (1956)

If Elvis could be the white guy who sounded like a black guy, he thought he would be winning. But that wasn't the case. White guys can like black music too. Girls would scream. He was a big HIT in England.

"Get Back" Project

January 1969 -Twickenham Film Studio/ Apple Headquarters- not recorded at Abbey Road -Though George Harrison didn't quit the band yet, he was growing to be discontented by being the junior- lots of frustration and tension especially with the release of his song -"Not Guilty" -Beatles are really going in their own directions. -Paul McCartney is no longer the driving force in 1969 and so the band sort of breaks up. McCartney recognizes that the White Album was not equivalent in effort and wanted to go back to the ways of how the band used to be when they were kids.

"The Summer of Love"

June 1st- Sgt. Pepper released June 16th-18th- Monterey International Pop Festival- for 2 or 3 days, you hear band after band after band -Ravi Shankar was brought to perform and becomes a rock star-- something he would've never expected -Young people really enjoy him thought apparently seemes they don't enjoy it in any sophisticated way. -June 25th- Broadcast of Our World on TV -John Lennon wrote a song called "All You Need is Love" -basic instrumental stuff has been pre-recorded in the Abbey Road studio -singing and orchestral instruments were done live -outro: orchestra is playing bits and pieces of familar songs -John sings she loves you yeah yeah yeah

EMI Records

June 6th, 1962 Beatles addition for EMI records and were signed.

adult contemporary music

Lenny Welch A Taste of Honey and Peggy Lee/Til there was you

Decca Record

Major recording company of the day They additioned on Jan 1st, 1962 and were rejected.

The Beatles in 1968

Many songs composed in Rishikesh, India- came back with a bunch of new music -demos for 27 songs recorded in May, 15 by Lennon, 7 by McCartney, 5 by Harrison -20 songs worked up into completed recordings- 12 by Lennon, 6 by McCartney, 2 by Harrison

BBC Radio

March 8,1962 Beatles are on a national radio broadcast.

April 1970

McCartney publicly announces his intention to leave.

"Let it Be"

McCartney's song on the "Get Back" project recorded in 1969 but released in 1970 due to conditions of band -produced by Phil Spector

musical side of Liver Pool

Mersey Beat

area around dock in Liverpool

Mersey side

Royal Variety Show

Nov 4, 1963 Beatles played "Twist and Shout" to charm the audience

"Love Me Do"/"PS I Love You"

October 5th, 1962- distinct, esp with the use of a harmonic George didn't like Beatles writing their own music

1968- Rejuvenation and Dissolution

Outside projects- film and music John and Yoko become a couple. Yoko= Avant-Garde artist Rishikesh- Beatles travel as a group together to India. Apple Corps- founded Yellow Submarine- animated film "The White Album"

Bridge (or middle 8)

Passage in which we are in our song and it's transitional- where you think you are moving to is actually back to the main verse of the song.

Who was the last Beatle to get married and why didn't he like Phil Spector?

Paul McCartney & because he effed up his song "The Long and Winding Road"

April 1969

Paul McCartney song "Get back" and Lennon's song "Don't Let Me Down" were released as singles on a vinyl (1 song on 1 side, 1 song on the other)

George Martin

Record producer for the Beatles

"Tomorrow Never Knows"

Revolver (1966) -John Lennon -LSD experience -tampoura drone -Leslie tone cabinet -tape loops -backwards guitar solos -sound of piano at the end gives the mind a film -verse verse verse break verse verse verse verse

"Eleanor Rigby"

Revolver (1966) -McCartney -Eleanor Rigby is an older woman who never married and just works in a church. Her life is pretty lonely. -has certain similarities in its interest to write a song based on a single chord -strings are playing a sharp number -Bernard Hermann composed PSycho--> harmonic stasis in this song -Father McKenzie is writing the words to a sermon no one will hear--> church lost its appeal in the UK -Last stanza--> meet Eleanor Rigby and Father McKenzie together. Eleanor died and McKenzie buried her. -chorus--> verse--> bridge--> verse--> bridge--> chorus---> verse--> chorus--> coda

This Girl Can't Help It (1956)

Rhythmic Blues comes out of a rural blue tradition. This song is the song Paul played for John and he said oh yeah you can be in the band.

Backbeat

Rhythmic accentuation on even beats.

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi & Rishikesh

Ringo was allergic to the food and left within days, Paul didn't leave until soon after. Lennon and George stayed for weeks. George was most invested. Lennon wrote a song that appeared on the video documenting this summer camp for rich celebrity-westerners.

Album dates by year

Rubber Soul- 1965 Revolver- 1966 Sgt. Pepper- 1967 Magical Mystery Tour- 1967 White Album- 1968

The Quarrymen

Skiffle group that contained John, Paul, and George; they were fooling around not doing anything serious John was 2 years older than Paul and saw his very clear strengths so he let him join.

Liverpool

Some distance at sea from London; up in the north and west, England's most important sea port; Transfer of goods across oceans was done by boat, so sea ports were places from all over the world where people would come; Lively thriving places. Great place to grow up if you were a young teenage boy who wanted to be a musician. If you wanted to hear music from the U.S., someone would have to bring the record in. Liverpool thus developed a really interesting and popular music scene.

Eleanor Rigby

Song released in 1966 that has 4 beats per bar

"From Me To You"

Spring of 1963 Beatles return to Abbey Road studio to make their next single. This song has a hook that they hope the kids will remember. Hook influenced by The Miracles//You've really got a hold on me- same key harmonica, unexpected chord to end on, we've always usually picked up on the main chord of the idea.

Magical Mystery Tour

TV film -Beatles short film -Ken Kesey was one of those people who believed LSD would solve everything--> dispensed acid with his pranksters back when it wasn't illegal

Black Board Jungle (1955)

Teenagers rebelled and listened to music their parents hated. This all got rejected in the 1955 film blackboard jungle, set in an inner city school packed with a bunch of tough boys. Opening credits of the film to set the stage for rebellious teenagers uses a hit by Bill Haley titled "Rock Around the Clock". Rebellious boys getting in trouble thus got associated with this new music that parents hated. This movie is a very important moment in our story because there was a youth subculture where young people like to establish solidarity as individuals through their unique style of dress. Famously, a bunch of teddy boys toe off the cinema and began rioting out of excitement for the rock & roll music. Ironic because movie was trying to establish peace with teenagers.

Abbey Road Medley (original)

This is McCartney's idea. George Martin helped a lot in how songs come together. "Mean Mr. Mustard"- Lennon "Her Majesty"- McCartney "Polythene Pain"- Lennon -In the Abbey Road Medley, drum solo by Starr, suitar solos in alternation by McCartney, Harrison, Lennon. "the love you take is equal to the love you make"

More on Sgt. Peppers

This was the 1st rock album where the band thought it was important to provide listeners with all the lyrics, kind of like buying a poetry book -Album cover= two sets of Beatles--> older version vs new psychedelic version -Paul McCartney's idea- By 1967, he is emerging as the musical director of the band. John Lennon has been the strongest character up until now, when he began losing interest and exploring other things. -Paul stayed committed as the driving force and worked on a lot of the music predominantly. He wanted to give full effort to the music. -Record that pretends to be concert so that listeners can have a concert at home -One last number after saying thank you-- shows how Beatles did not end their concert in a mundane way -Sgt. Peppers has individual tracks and songs but there is not any amount of silence in between them so once the needle is on the vinyl, music is constantly playing. -Paul wrote most songs on this alnum. -Help from my Friends references drugs. -groove in vinyl that allows it to go on forever unless you insist on stopping it and taking it off the needle

Girl Group

Usually 3 Puerto Rican/ Latina/ African American girls Beatles were very highly influenced by them.

riff

a short, typically 3,4,5 note pattern; memorable pattern of notes played by solo instrument (electric guitar); instrumental idea

Candy

based on a sci fi sex book -Ringo had become involved in the film scene as well at the same time. Ringo= best actor out of all the Beatles -satire of cheap pornography -girl comes from outer space, her name is Candy, and she finds herself in a series of situations where men take advantage of her naiveness -film of 1960's don't respect the sensibilities we do today regarding sex, ethnicity, etc.

"I Wanna be Your Man"

covered by the Rolling Stones

June 6, 1962

date that Pete Best auditioned for the band. George Martin didn't think he was an adequate drummer

closed verse

describes something that comes to an end and rests comfortably = point of finality

"My Bonnie"/ "The Saints"

first record Beatles recorded By Tony Sheridan--> invited Beatles to work instrumentally on track Paul, John, George--> the Beat brothers

February 1964

first visit to America Washington DC coliseum Carnegie Hall

The Marvelettes// Please Mr. Postman

girl group

Carl Perkins

guitarist and singer coming from the countryside; credited his songs under Carl Harrison Liked to play solo sets based just on chords. 1 and 5 chords repeated. "Everybody's Trying to Be My Baby" (1957)

country-influenced rock & roll

hill billy sensibility Beatles loved this music. played it, listened to it.

4-track tape recorders

introduced by Abbey Road in late 1963, allowed for more sophisticated recordings -EMI-BTR-3

New York City

long tradition of commercial and pop music

St. Pauli District

musical side of Hamburg

Brill Building

name of building in Mid-Manhattan

twin track mono

no stereoseparation; everything comes out in 1 speaker; many songs were mixed and recorded in mono in such a way called a twin track because it was on a 2 lane highway EMI-BTR-2

Hamburg

notorious city for drugs and prostitution By the time Beatles go to Hamburg for the first time, they gel together and become a 5 person band. John, Paul, George, Pete, Stu Stu fell in love and left. Played bass but wasn't experienced. He was a painter Pete= drummer Stu stayed in Germany after falling in love with Astrid Ketchnerr of the axis. This was when he left.

"Hey Jude"

one of their most popular songs -McCartney -released in February of 1970 Recalls longer version of Revolution (conventional song + Long England increasingly "wild" outro) verse--> verse--> bridge--> verse

Outro (coda)

opposite of intro; little bit of music added to the end of a song (offset of an introduction)

The Shirelles//Baby It's You

oriented towards younger people, no guitar solo, not rock & roll, highly polished highly produced form of popular music that the Beatles incorporated into their sound

"It Won't Be Long"

primarily written by Lennon not much of a tune, variety lies elsewhere "It won't be long til I belong to you" chorus-verse-bridge bridge-since you left me im so alone

"All My Loving"

primarily written by McCartney -song is like a letter (girl group inspiration)

Refrain

refers to a part of a song in which each verse ends in the same words for its last 1 or 2 lines or so. Usually, the ____________ will include the title of the song and contains what the song is all about.

Rock a Billy

rockified country music, rockified hil billy music

washboard

scrape your knuckles against it and you have a percussion instrument

simple verse-chorus form

simple- verses and chorus have different words but same music Ex. Johnny B. Goode (Chuck Berry)

Lonnie Donegan "Rock Island Line" (1956)

song that really brought skiffle to the 1960s -down home song that tells a story -very simple; took a few chords and tells a story Records spinning at 78 revolutions per minute.

tea chest bass

tea was delivered in these boxes; which resonated and had a nice sound. Then you can get a broomstick and attach it to the box, along with a string coming out, creating a bass instrument.

In the 1950s, describe British radio.

under government control because Britain was not keen on U.S. culture of rock and roll. It wasn't that you can just turn on the radio, but you had to access American popular music in other ways. One of these other ways for how teenagers got their hands on music was records. After rock and roll really kicked off, there were films aimed at young teenagers so that they could not only hear the music, but see the music. If you went to the cinema, you could see your favorite artist performing. There were various ways in which teenagers got a hold of music.

Verse

usually where message gets driven, 4-6 lines, associated with a musical setting we hear again with different words but same music, energy levels of _______________ tend to be relatively low

contrasting verse-chorus form

verses and chorus have different words and different music. Ex. "Be My Baby" The Ronettes idea fades out- Beatles may use that strategy in their music but almost dont use it.

"She's a Woman"

very strong backbeat on this song released in 1964