Music Appreciation Chapter One
pitch
*related to how fast something vibrates *string instruments with longer strings can play a lower-pitch than instruments with shorter strings
in general, how does the voice in singing differ from speaking?
*singing typically uses a wider range of pitches *vowel sounds are often held for longer durations when singing *singing typically uses a wider range of expressive dynamics
when a musical idea differs from the previous one in timbre, texture, tonality, dynamics or rhythm
contrast
conductor
leads the group in choruses, orchestra and bands
Repetition
creates a sense of unity
Improvisation
creation of music as it is being performed
what are the terms concerning the duration of rests?
eighth rest and whole rest
what characteristic do two tones of different pitches that are an octave apart have?
they sound very much alike
commonly found in both orchestras and marching bands
*brass *percussion
Rhythm
*eighth note, quarter note, and half note used to notate *
homophonic texture
*focuses on melody *melody accompanied by chords
tempo
*largo, moderato, allegro, and presto *speed of the beat or the basic pace of music
Dynamics
*various levels of loudness and softness in music *EX) sudden quiet and crescendos leading to important parts of the piece
common female voice types
alto, soprano, mezzo-soprano
modern day symphony orchestras include which four groups of instruments?
brass, percussion, woodwinds. and strings
counterpoint
combining several melodic lines into a meaningful whole
forward motion, conflict, and change in mood are all aspects of ________
contrast
how is a percussion instrument that produces a tone or tones classified?
definite pitch
Texture
describes the different layers of musical sound and how they relate to each other
interval
distance between two tones
accent
emphasis of a tone in relation to the other tones around
what does variation in tone color often produce?
expressive effects and emotional impact
in music notation, the term crescendo is used to mean ______ and the term diminuendo is used to mean ______
gradually louder; gradually softer
pizzicato
italian term that tells string players to pluck strings to play notes
Tonality
melodic and harmonic construction of music around a central tone toward which other tones gravitate
in a time signature, the upper number indicates what?
number of beats in a measure
duration
property of sound that refers to how long a musical sound lasts
meter
refers to the organization of beats into regular groups of strong and weak ones
beat
regular, recurrent pulse that is subdivided and organized to create rhythms and metrical configurations
sequence
repetition of a melodic pattern at a higher or lower pitch
Stravinsky uses _____ to create variety and contrast in his repetitions of the same melody
rhythm, tone color, and dynamics
Harmony
simultaneous tones in music that add support and richness to a melody
the ____ that an object vibrates, the ____ its pitch
slower; lower
Tone
sound that has a definite pitch
music as an art is organized by ____?
sounds and silence in time
register
specific part of a singer's or an instruments tonal range
to notate pitch, notes are places on the lines or spaces of a ______
staff
key signature
symbol at the of the piece indicates the key that a piece of music is in
rest
symbol that indicates the duration of silence
what is used to indicate the meter of a piece at the beginning of the staff?
time signature
why does a violinist press the string of a violin against the fingerboard?
to change the pitch
piano
tones produced by felt-covered hammers that strike strings
harpsichord
tones produced by wedge-shapes parts that pluck strings
pipe organ
tones produced when air blows across or through openings in pipes
Octave
type of interval
when a musical idea is restated retaining some original elements but altering other
variation
cadence
when a dominant chord resolves to a tonic chord, giving a sense of conclusion
imitation
when a melodic idea is presented by one voice or instrument, and then is restated immediately by another voice or instrument
unison
when several voices or instruments sing or play the same melody
used in the western (or European) music
woodwind, string, electronic, keyboard, brass, percussion
Monophonic
One melody without accompaniment
chromatic scale
Includes all twelve notes of an octave