MYpsy ch 13

Jessie becomes furious when her favorite hockey player is intentionally hurt by an opponent. According to Freud's model of the mind, her id would unconsciously say

"I'm so angry I could kill that player."

Jerome Kagan's recent studies of shyness found that

. 20% of all children are highly responsive and excitable

A serious criticism of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test is that a. it does measure intuition. b. scores on the test are inconsistent when taken by the same person on two occasions. c. there is little evidence that the test predicts occupational success. d. it has strong validity. e. B and C are correct.

. B and C are correct.

Ted is friendly, loves to tell jokes at parties, and is perceived by others as warm and considerate. On which two of the Big Five traits would you expect Ted to obtain high scores?

. agreeableness and extraversion

Yongmei is studying for her math test. Her boyfriend Marcus asks if she can go to the movies with him. She would love to go but she knows she has to study for the math test in order to pass the class. What part of Yongmei's personality will say "You must stay home and study because passing the class is necessary for you to graduate"?

. her superego because it is this part of the personality that is the moral conscience

The key function of the ego is to resolve conflicts between the ________ and the ________.

. id; superego

Carolyn took home some printer paper from the office. Later, she felt guilty for stealing it so she brought some paper to work to replace what she took. Freud would suggest that Carolyn's ________ was influencing her motives and behavior.

. superego

According to Freud's theory of personality development, there are ________ stages that each person must pass through.

5

Which of the following is correct concerning cross-cultural studies on trait theories? a. No evidence has been found to support these theories. b. Research in this area is too new to report any findings. c. Evidence for the five trait dimensions has been found in several cultures. d. Most cultural research methods are too vague to be validated. e. It has found that Freud was right in his conception of the unconscious.

Evidence for the five trait dimensions has been found in several cultures.

Freud argued that everything we do arises from a sex-based survival instinct and an instinct for defense and aggression.

Freud

Which of the following is considered to be an individualistic culture?

Great Britain

. ________ proposed the idea that bodily fluids, or humors, were associated with different temperaments.

Hippocrates

Which of the following is true of the MMPI-2? a. It cannot detect lying. b. It is based on norms from Eastern cultures. c. It was originally designed to diagnose minority group members. d. It measures "normal" personality. e. It contains ten clinical scales.

It contains ten clinical scales.

. ________ demonstrated that hysteria could be treated using hypnosis.

Jean Charcot

The ________ is a test used to measure serious mental problems, such as schizophrenia and depression

MMPI-2

As part of the initial screening for possible employment, a nuclear power company administers a psychological test that yields scores on tendencies toward depression and schizophrenia. What is the name of this psychological assessment tool?

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

The ________ is designed to assess the "Big Five" factors of personality.

NEO-PI

Which of the following is the correct acronym for the "Big Five" personality factors?

O-C-E-A-N

The Freudian complex that must be resolved by boys as the ascend the psychosexual stages of development is the __________ complex.

Oedipus

Four-year-old Larry squeezes between his Mommy and Daddy as they sit together on the couch. He cuddles with Mommy and pushes Daddy away. This illustrates which Freudian concept?

Oedipus complex

________ is defined as the psychological qualities that bring continuity to an individual's behavior in different situations and at different times.

Personality

You are quite hungry but don't have any money. If you were described as "all id and only id'" what would you do?

Steal a hot dog from the vendor on the corner.

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality?

Temperament, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's personality is built.

The observation that a smaller number of infants are shy in contrast to the 40% of shy college students suggests that

adult shyness may reflect inherited and learned influences.

If Sylvia is described as trustworthy, altruistic and tender-minded, then she probably is fairly high on the Big Five superfactor known as

agreeableness

A personality that consisted of only the ego and the id would be completely

amoral.

As part of an application for a job, Dan is asked to complete some psychological tests including one in which he responds true or false to items such as "I feel sad most of the time," or "I had a good childhood." What type of psychological test is Dan taking?

an inventory

Steve is extremely uptight and compulsively neat and orderly. According to Freudian theory, he became fixated at the ________ stage of psychosexual development.

anal

Toilet training takes place during which of Freud's psychosexual stages?

anal

The factor of ________ is NOT one of the "Big Five" dimensions underlying personality. a. agreeableness b. conscientiousness c. openness to experience d. extraversion e. anger

anger

Mary Calkins is best known for

being the first woman to become president of the APA.

A serious criticism of trait theories is that these

believe personality is fixed and static.

It is common for Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America to focus more on group loyalty and pride and thus emphasize ________ in their societies.

collectivism

Mei is Chinese American. She is very loyal to her family. Her sister lives with her, and she mails money back to China to her father and younger brother. Mei's way of life is typical of someone who comes from a culture that is

collectivistic

Which of the following is NOT one of the layers of consciousness proposed by Sigmund Freud? a. conscious b. conscience c. preconscious d. unconscious e. subconscious

conscience

According to the text, a key aspect of personality is its ________ quality in an individual in different situations.

consistent

If you were to describe a friend's personality as being phlegmatic, we could expect them to be

cool and unemotional.

Freud believed that Thanatos was the driving force behind

destructive and aggressive behaviors.

Also known as your personality characteristics, this is a relatively stable personality pattern that includes temperaments, traits, and personality types:

disposition

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test does not measure

dominance and subordination

According to Freud, rationality and logical thinking and reasoning are controlled by the

ego

Many have compared Freud's idea of the mind to an iceberg. If that were the case and you were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska, what part of the mind would you see above the water?

ego

The Freudian concept of ________ refers to the part of personality responsible for the appropriate channeling of drives.

ego

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule-oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure- seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Harry was mostly

ego

The job of the _________ is to find practical ways for the _________ to get its pleasure needs met without offending the morality of the ________.

ego; id; superego

One limitation of the trait perspective compared to the other perspectives is there is not much

explanation

According to Freud, personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages. The last stage is called the

genital stage.

After only two hours of sleep, Julie's alarm clock goes off. Her ego would most likely cause her to

hit the snooze alarm and wake up in ten minutes.

Freud first used ________ to help his patients and later developed ________ as a therapy.

hypnotism; psychoanalysis

Conversion disorder was referred to as ________ in the 1800s.

hysteria

A Freudian psychoanalyst would interpret a client's impulsive need for immediate gratification as due to an overactive

id

Derrick is an executive with a large financial firm. Any time his investments do poorly, he throws temper tantrums and breaks things. Then he starts barking orders at his secretary. Which personality structure would Freud say is exerting control?

id

For Freud, the seething cauldron of unconscious urges and desires continuously seeking expression is the

id

In the metaphor the angel, the devil, and me, the devil is the

id

The ________ is the unconscious part of a personality

id

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule-oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure- seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Ron was mostly

id

What is Freud's term for the primitive, unconscious side of personality?

id

"If it feels good do it" best describes the

id.

What did Freud perceive as the outcome of successful resolution of the Oedipus complex?

identification with the same-sex parent

According to Freud, a male child who has resolved his Oedipus complex is most likely to

identify with his father.

In the United States and in other Western countries, ________ is emphasized more so than in Asian countries.

individualism

Which of the following choices describes the cultural personality of the United States?

individualistic

An investigation of students' housing preferences would probably show that single rooms are preferred by _______whereas suites are preferred by _______.

introverts; extraverts

The modern view of temperament asserts that it

is biologically based.

. In psychoanalytic theory, ________ is the energy behind our sex drive.

libido

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is

often used for career counseling and team building.

Ellen has been described as creative, imaginative, curious, artistic, and nonconforming. She is likely to obtain an elevated score on a questionnaire designed to measure

openness

Travis is a participant in the X-games every year, which features events that are high flying and exhilarating to watch or participate in, but also very dangerous to the competitors. Because Travis is willing to take chances with his health to get the adrenaline rush from these sorts of events, Costa and McCrae would argue that he ranks high on which of the five factors?

openness

What are the Big Five personality traits?

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

Dan plays the trumpet, is on the debate team, bites his nails, and chews gum. Freud might say Dan was fixated in the ________ stage.

oral

According to Freud, personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages. During infancy, the psychosexual stage is called the

oral stage.

What is the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages?

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

The relatively stable ways in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels is called

personality

If you are completing a paper/pencil test that requires you to read statements and indicate "true" or "false" as to whether or not they apply to you, then you are likely taking a(n)

personality inventory

This is the internal working of the personality, involving motivation, emotion, perception, and learning, as well as unconscious processes:

personality process

Distinct clusters of personality traits are called

personality types.

According to Freud, the stage in which children develop a marked attachment to the parent of the opposite sex and become jealous of the same-sex parent is the

phallic stage.

Physicians in the late 1800s were puzzled by hysteria, a condition in which

physical symptoms had no apparent physical cause.

In the different ________ stages, children are thought to associate pleasure with different bodily regions.

psychosexual

Dr. Heinz has designed a new test for assessing depression. She has found that repeated administrations of the test have had consistent results across her sample subjects. We could say that her test has high

reliability.

Match up the correct humor with its corresponding temperament:

sanguine; warm blood

Sigmund Freud proposed that his patients' disorders resulted most often from psychological conflicts related to

sex

. In the metaphor the angel, the devil, and me, the angel is the

superego

A Freudian analyst would interpret a church-going person who views premarital sex as a sin as being ruled by their

superego

For Freud, the moral guardian of personality is the

superego

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule-oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure- seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Hermione was mostly

superego

Which element in Freud's personality theory corresponds to the common notion of the conscience?

superego

Anthony is sick of writing papers and studying for tests, but he knows he needs a college degree if he wants to be successful in his chosen career. So every morning Anthony gives himself a dressing down - in essence yelling at himself - to make himself get out of bed and go to classes, and every evening he does the same thing to get himself to do his work. According to Freud, which personality structure is in control here?

superego (Correct. The superego is thought to operate on morality principle, which is our internalization of societal standards of right and wrong. It is what makes us behave in appropriate manners, and makes us feel guilty if we do something wrong.)

According to Freud, a boy's sexual attachment to his mother and jealousy of his father is called

the Oedipus complex.

When Freud referred to the sexual drive of babies and young children, to what was he really referring?

the fact that children focus on their bodies to give them physical pleasure

Research on ________ supports the hypothesis that personality differences are due in part to genetic differences.

the heritability of traits

A ________ is a relatively stable personality tendency that guides one's thoughts and actions across various conditions.

trait

________ theorists have determined five major characteristics of personality

trait

According to Freud, the ________ is the source of powerful impulses, drives, and conflicts of which we are unaware.

unconscious

For Freud, thoughts and feelings that are well below the surface of awareness and cannot normally be recalled are in the ________ mind.

unconscious

Freud believed that the ________ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality.

unconscious mind

A ________ test measures what it was designed to measure.

valid

If Brianna weighs 125 pounds, but her scale indicates that she weighs 143 pounds, we would say the scale is not

valid

A person with a sanguine temperament would be said to have ________ and would be expected to be ________.

warm blood; cheerful

A choleric temperament was associated with

yellow bile.