N358 Chapter 12: Suicide Prevention

12. A nurse is caring for a client who has threatened to commit suicide by hanging. The client states, "I'm going to use a knotted shower curtain when no one is around." Which information would determine the nurse's plan of care for this client? 1. The more specific the plan is, the more likely the client will attempt suicide. 2. Clients who talk about suicide never actually commit it. 3. Clients who threaten suicide should be observed every 15 minutes. 4. After a brief assessment, the nurse should avoid the topic of suicide.

1 Clients who have specific plans are at greater risk for suicide.

18. 18. A nurse is caring for four clients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. When considering each client's belief system, the nurse should conclude which client would potentially be at highest risk for suicide? 1. Roman Catholic 2. Protestant 3. Atheist 4. Muslim

3 An atheist does not believe in punishment for suicide by a higher power.

14. A new nursing graduate asks the psychiatric nurse manager how to best classify suicide. Which is the nurse manager's best reply? 1. "Suicide is a DSM-5 diagnosis." 2. "Suicide is a mental disorder." 3. "Suicide is a behavior." 4. "Suicide is an antisocial affliction."

3 Suicide is a behavior.

23. A client has been brought to the emergency department for signs and symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The client has a history of a suicide attempt 1 year ago. Which nursing intervention would take priority in this situation? 1. Assessing the client's pulse oximetry and vital signs 2. Developing a plan for safety for the client 3. Assessing the client for suicidal ideations 4. Establishing a trusting nurse-client relationship

1 It is important to prioritize client interventions that assess the symptoms of COPD prior to any other nursing intervention. Physical needs must be prioritized according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs. This client's problems with oxygenation will take priority over assessing for current suicidal ideations as they can lead to death more quickly if not reversed.

19. Which nursing intervention strategy is most important to implement initially with a suicidal client? 1. Ask a direct question such as, "Do you ever think about killing yourself?" 2. Ask client, "Please rate your mood on a scale from 1 to 10." 3. Establish a trusting nurse-client relationship. 4. Apply the nursing process to the planning of client care.

1 The risk of suicide is greatly increased if the client has suicidal ideations, if the client has developed a plan, and particularly if the means exist for the client to execute the plan.

24. After a teenager reveals that he is gay, his father responds by beating him. The next morning, the teenager is found hanging in his closet. Which paternal grief responses should a nurse anticipate? Select all that apply. 1. "I can't believe this is happening." 2. "If only I had been more understanding." 3. "How dare he do this to me!" 4. "I'm just going to have to accept that he was gay." 5. "Well, that was a selfish thing to do."

1. Suicide of a family member can induce a whole gamut of feelings in the survivors, including shock. 2. Suicide of a family member can induce a whole gamut of feelings in the survivors, including guilt. 3. Suicide of a family member can induce a whole gamut of feelings in the survivors, including anger.

16. Which is a correctly written, appropriate outcome for a client with a history of suicide attempts who is currently exhibiting symptoms of low self-esteem by isolating self? 1. The client will not physically harm self. 2. The client will express three positive self-attributes by day four. 3. The client will reveal a suicide plan. 4. The client will establish a trusting relationship.

2 Although the client has a history of suicide attempts, the current problem is isolative behaviors based on low self-esteem. Outcomes should be client-centered, specific, realistic, and measurable and contain a time frame.

11. A nursing instructor is teaching about suicide in the elderly population. Which information should the instructor include? 1. Elderly people use less lethal means to commit suicide. 2. Although the elderly comprise less than 13 percent of the population, they account for 15 percent of all suicides. 3. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among the elderly. 4. It is normal for elderly individuals to express a desire to die, because they have come to terms with their mortality.

2 Although the elderly comprise less than 13 percent of the population, they account for 15 percent of all suicides.

9. A stockbroker commits suicide after being convicted of insider trading. In speaking with the family, which statement by the nurse demonstrates accurate and appropriate sharing of information? 1. "Your grieving will subside within 1 year; until then I recommend antidepressants." 2. "Support groups are available specifically for survivors of suicide, and I would be glad to help you locate one in this area." 3. "The only way to deal effectively with this kind of grief is to write a letter to the brokerage firm to express your anger with them." 4. "Since stigmatization often occurs in these situations, it would be best if you avoid discussing the suicide with anyone."

2 Bereavement following suicide is complicated by the complex psychological impact of the act on those close to the victim. Support groups for survivors can provide a meaningful resource for grief work.

5. A nurse admitted a client to an inpatient unit after a suicide attempt. A health-care provider orders amitriptyline (Elavil) for the client. Which intervention related to this medication should be initiated to maintain this client's safety upon discharge? 1. Provide a 6-month supply of Elavil to ensure long-term compliance. 2. Provide a 3-day supply of Elavil with refills contingent on follow-up appointments. 3. Provide a pill dispenser as a memory aid. 4.Provide education regarding the avoidance of foods containing tyramine.

2 The health-care provider should provide no more than a 3-day supply of Elavil with refills contingent on follow-up appointments as an appropriate intervention to maintain the client's safety. Tricyclic antidepressants have a narrow therapeutic range and can be used in overdose to commit suicide. Distributing limited amounts of the medication decreases this potential. In addition, clients may gain energy to carry out a suicide once they begin to have more energy from taking the antidepressants.

10. After years of dialysis, an 84-year-old states, "I'm exhausted, depressed, and done with these attempts to keep me alive." Which question should the nurse ask the spouse when preparing a discharge plan of care? 1. "Have there been any changes in appetite or sleep?" 2. "How often is your spouse left alone?" 3. "Has your spouse been following a diet and exercise program consistently?" 4. "How would you characterize your relationship with your spouse?"

2 This client has many risk factors for suicide. The client should have increased supervision to decrease likelihood of self-harm.

21. Which client data indicates that a suicidal client is participating in a plan for safety? 1. Compliance with antidepressant therapy 2. A mood rating of 9/10 3. Disclosing a plan for suicide to staff 4. Expressing feelings of hopelessness to nurse

3 A degree of the responsibility for the suicidal client's safety is given to the client. When a client shares with staff a plan for suicide, the client is participating in a plan for safety by communicating thoughts of self-harm that would initiate interventions to prevent suicide.

22. A client is newly admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit. Which of the following is most critical to assess when determining risk for suicide? 1. Family history of depression 2. The client's orientation to reality 3. The client's history of suicide attempts 4. Family support systems

3 A history of suicide attempts places a client at a higher risk for current suicide behaviors. Knowing this specific data will alert the nurse to the client's risk. Of those who commit suicide, 50-80 percent had a previous attempt.

4. A client with a history of three suicide attempts has been taking fluoxetine (Prozac) for 1 month. The client suddenly presents with a bright affect, rates mood at 9/10, and is much more communicative. Which action should be the nurse's priority at this time? 1. Give the client off-unit privileges as positive reinforcement. 2.Encourage the client to share mood improvement in group. 3.Increase frequency of client observation. 4.Request that the psychiatrist reevaluate the current medication protocol.

3 The nurse should be aware that a sudden increase in mood rating and change in affect could indicate that the client is at risk for suicide and client observation should be more frequent. Suicide risk may occur early during treatment with antidepressants. The return of energy may bring about an increased ability to act out self-destructive behaviors prior to attaining the full therapeutic effect of the antidepressant medication.

20. A client is newly committed to an inpatient psychiatric unit. Which nursing intervention best lowers this client's risk for suicide? 1. Encouraging participation in the milieu to promote hope 2. Developing a strong personal relationship with the client 3. Observing the client at intervals determined by assessed data 4. Encouraging and redirecting the client to concentrate on happier times

3 The nurse should observe the actively suicidal client continuously for the first hour after admission. After a full assessment the treatment team will determine the observation status of the client. Observation of the client allows the nurse to interrupt any observed suicidal behaviors.

3. A client diagnosed with major depressive disorder with psychotic features hears voices commanding self-harm. The client refuses to commit to developing a plan for safety. What should be the nurse's priority intervention at this time? 1. Obtaining an order for locked seclusion until client is no longer suicidal 2.Conducting 15-minute checks to ensure safety 3.Placing the client on one-to-one observation while monitoring suicidal ideations 4.Encouraging client to express feelings related to suicide

3 The nurse's priority intervention when a client hears voices commanding self-harm is to place the client on one-to-one observation while continuing to monitor suicidal ideation.

1.A nurse discovers a client's suicide note that details the time, place, and means to commit suicide. What should be the priority nursing intervention and the rationale for this action? 1.Administering lorazepam (Ativan) prn, because the client is angry about the discovery of the note 2.Establishing room restrictions, because the client's threat is an attempt to manipulate the staff 3. Placing this client on one-to-one suicide precautions, because the more specific the plan, the more likely the client will attempt suicide 4. Calling an emergency treatment team meeting, because the client's threat must be addressed

3 The priority nursing action should be to place this client on one-to-one suicide precautions, because the more specific the plan, the more likely the client will attempt suicide. The appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client would be risk for suicide.

15. A nursing student is developing a plan of care for a suicidal client. Which documented intervention should the student implement first? 1. Communicate therapeutically. 2. Observe the client. 3. Provide a hazard-free environment. 4. Assess suicide risk.

4 Assessment is the first step of the nursing process to gain needed information to determine further appropriate interventions. Suicide risk assessment should always be the first step taken when working with depressed or suicidal patients.

8. The family of a suicidal client is very supportive and requests more facts related to caring for their family member after discharge. Which information should the nurse provide? 1. Address only serious suicide threats to avoid the possibility of secondary gain. 2. Promote trust by verbalizing a promise to keep suicide attempt information within the family. 3. Offer a private environment to provide needed time alone at least once a day. 4. Be available to actively listen, support, and accept feelings.

4 Being available to actively listen, support, and accept feelings increases the potential that a client would confide suicidal ideations to family members.

17. A nursing instructor is teaching about suicide. Which student statement indicates that learning has occurred? 1. "Suicidal threats and gestures should be considered manipulative and/or attention-seeking." 2. "Suicide is the act of a psychotic person." 3. "All suicidal individuals are mentally ill." 4. "Between 50 and 80 percent of all people who kill themselves have a history of a previous attempt."

4 It is a fact that between 50 and 80 percent of all people who kill themselves have a history with a previous attempt.

7. The treatment team is making a discharge decision regarding a previously suicidal client. Which client assessment information should a nurse recognize as contributing to the team's decision? 1.No previous admissions for major depressive disorder 2.Vital signs stable; no psychosis noted 3.Able to comply with medication regimen; able to problem-solve life issues 4.Able to participate in a plan for safety; family agrees to constant observation

4 Participation in a plan of safety and constant family observation will decrease the risk for self-harm.

6. During a one-to-one session with a client, the client states, "Nothing will ever get better," and "Nobody can help me." Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a nurse to assign to this client at this time? 1.Powerlessness R/T altered mood AEB client statements 2.Risk for injury R/T altered mood AEB client statements 3.Risk for suicide R/T altered mood AEB client statements 4.Hopelessness R/T altered mood AEB client statements

4 The client's statements indicate the problem of hopelessness. Prior to assigning either risk for injury or risk for suicide, a further evaluation of the client's suicidal ideations and intent would be necessary.

2. During the planning of care for a suicidal client, which correctly written outcome should be a nurse's first priority? 1.The client will not physically harm self. 2.The client will express hope for the future by day three. 3.The client will establish a trusting relationship with the nurse. 4.The client will remain safe during the hospital stay.

4 The nurse's priority should be that the client will remain safe during the hospital stay. Client safety should always be the nurse's priority.

13. A suicidal client says to a nurse, "There's nothing to live for anymore." Which is the most appropriate nursing reply? 1. "Why don't you consider doing volunteer work in a homeless shelter?" 2. "Let's discuss the negative aspects of your life." 3. "Things will look better in the morning." 4. "It sounds like you are feeling pretty hopeless."

4 This statement verbalizes the client's implied feelings and allows him or her to validate and explore them. This statement also shows empathy toward the client and may help them open up and discuss their feelings.