Naming Organic Compounds

The suffix for a hydrocarbon with a carbon-carbon double bond is _____.

-ene

A hydrocarbon chain consisting of a triple carbon-carbon bond will have the suffix _____.

-yne

Each IUPAC name for organic compounds consists of several parts:

3D relationship, numbered substituents, number of carbons in the longest chain, and the ending suffix that describes functional groups.

Saturated hydrocarbon (or hydrocarbon consisting of only single carbon-carbon bonds)

An alkane and contains the suffix ane

General molecular formula: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂

Carbon Atoms & Carbon Bond Type(s) 1 & single 2 & single 3 & single 4 & single

General molecular formula: CₙH₂ₙ

Carbon Atoms & Carbon Bond Type(s) 2 & double 3 & double and single 4 & double and single

General molecular formula: CₙH₂ₙ−₂

Carbon Atoms & Carbon Bond Type(s) 2 & triple 3 & triple and single 4 & triple and single

The formula for 1-decyne is _____.

C₁₀H₁₈

The formula for the carbon compound ethene is _____.

C₂H₄

The general molecular formula for butane is _____.

C₄H₁₀

The general molecular formula for a hydrocarbon with single bonds and one double bond is _____.

CₙH₂ₙ

list the rules for naming hydrocarbons and substituted hydrocarbons

Find the longest chain of carbon atoms. Count the number of carbon atoms in this chain and determine the prefix. Determine a suffix by determining if there are single, double or triple bonds. (-ane for single, -ene for double, -yne for triple) Number each carbon atom. Place this number in front of substituent's name. Include the correct prefix, if necessary Each substituent should also receive the correct number based on its location. Lastly, there should be a dash separating numbers and letters in a name and commas separating numbers from numbers in a name.

Alkyl group

Fragment of a molecule formed by removing a hydrogen and has the formula CnH2n+1

IUPAC

Naming system for chemical compounds

Hydrocarbon

Organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen

Substituted hydrocarbon

Organic compound with one or more hydrogens replaced by another kind of atom or group of atoms

Number of carbon atoms: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Prefix: Meth- Eth- Prop- But- Pent- Hex- Hept- Oct- Non- Dec-

Alkane

Saturated hydrocarbon containing only carbon-carbon single bonds

(True/False) A hydrocarbon consists entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

True

(True/False) A substituted hydrocarbon is an organic compound in which one ore more hydrogen atoms is replaced by another type of atom or group of atoms.

True

(True/False) Every known chemical has a unique name that is derived from the IUPAC naming system.

True

The IUPAC name consists of _____.

a 3D relationship, numbered substituents, an ending suffix, the number of carbons and numbered substituents

Alkyl group

a fragment of a molecule formed by removing a hydrogen and has the general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₁ consists of the prefix, based on the number of carbons in the group, and the suffix -yl

Unsaturated hydrocarbons

a hydrocarbon consisting of either double or triple carbon-carbon bonds

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

a systematic method of naming compounds around the globe designed with the fundamental principle that "each different compound should have a different name."

Alkene

an unsaturated hydrocarbon with a carbon-carbon double bond, contains the suffix ene

Alkyne

an unsaturated hydrocarbon with a triple carbon-carbon bond, contains the suffix yne

Single bond suffix

ane

When naming hydrocarbons, _____ are used between numbers and _____ are used to separate numbers from letters.

commas, hyphens

A _____ has priority over substituents when numbering the parent carbon chain.

double or triple bond

One or more double bond suffix

ene

The prefix for a hydrocarbon with 6 carbons is _____.

hex-

an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

hydrocarbon

Substituted hydrocarbons

organic compounds in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by another kind of atom or group of atoms, such as a halogen

In order to draw the chemical structure for 1-butyne, a _____ must be placed between the first and second carbons of the chain.

triple bond

One or more triple bonds suffix

yne