Napoleon

coup d'etat

"blow to the State" where a government gets completely thrown out and replaced by another one

Louis XVIII

(1814-1824) Restored Bourbon throne after the Revoltion. He accepted Napoleon's Civil Code (principle of equality before the law), honored the property rights of those who had purchased confiscated land and establish a bicameral (two-house) legislature consisting of the Chamber of Peers (chosen by king) and the Chamber of Deputies (chosen by an electorate).

Battle at Trafalgar

(October 1805) Britain's Admiral Nelson destroyed the combined French and Spanish navies. Nelson was killed but invasion of Britain now became impossible.

Napoleon Bonaparte

1769-1821, a military officer in France who became Emperor in 1804 after the French Revolution

Berlin Decree

1806-issued by Napoleon, instituted the Continental System, in the response to British blockade of commercial ports under French control.

Continental System

1806; France vs. Spain, Portugal; Portugal did not comply with this system; France wanted Spain's support to invade Portugal; Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well

Organic Articles

A series of laws to help supervise the rights of other religions in France besides Catholicism.

Enlightened Despot

Absolute rulers who imposed reforms that would benefit their subjects as well as themselves.

was divided into departments rather than provinces

After the French Revolution and the Napoleon era, France...

The Spanish Ulcer

Also known as the Peninsular War. Napoleon decided to conquer Spain and after forcing the Spanish king to abdiccate, Napoleon made his brother king. The British sent an army to help the Spanish and Portuguese drive out the French. He failed to suppress the Spanish uprising and defeat the British. Lasted from 1808 to 1814. Napoleon continued to control Spain's government, but the campaign drained the French military resources. In 1814, the Spanish, with British helped drive out Joseph Bonaparte. They drew a new constitution that provided a limited monarchy. The Spanish revolt with the new constitution illustrated the tremendous influence of the ideals of the French Revolution.

Concordat of 1801

An agreement between Napoleon and the Papacy which declared Catholicism " the religion of the majority of the French citizens."

Battle of Trafalgar

British victory in 1805 which destroyed Napoleon's plan to invade England and secured Britain's dominance over naval power during the 19th century.

Confederation of the Rhine

Composed of 16 German states who excepted French presence in southern Germany, and promised to support Napoleon if war broke out. It also ended the Holy Roman Empire.

Fourth Coalition

Comprised of Prussia, Russia, Britain, Saxony, and Sweden, they fought against Napoleon from 1806-7. The war featured several major victories for the French, who conquered almost all of Prussia and Poland; the war ended with the Treaties of Tilsit.

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Former slave whom aided in the independence of Haiti from the French.

Peninsula War

France was forced to invade Spain after the failure of Joseph Bonaparte. Very costly for Napoleon. The Duke of Wellington helped the Spanish.

Napoleon Bonaparte

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

he replaced the empire with the Confederation of the Rhine

How did Napoleon deal with the Holy Roman Empire?

Goya

I depicted the cruelty of the French in their attacks on Spanish citizens in my paintings.

equality under the law, but not political freedom

In general, Napoleon championed...

Haratio Nelson

Leader of the English fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar, he died in the battle but the success of his fleet was one of history's most decisive victories

Confederation of the Rhine

League of German States organized by Napoleon in 1813 after defeating the Austrians at Austerlitz. The league collapsed after Napoleon's defeat in Russia.

Congress of Vienna

Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon

Confederation of the Rhine

Napoleon formed this in 1807 from a league of about 20 German princes. Each was sovereign and the confederation included the kingdoms of Saxony, Bavaria, Wurtemburg and Westphalia. Westphalia was made up of Hanover and bits of Prussia. Napoleon put his youngest brother, Jerome, on the throne.

Jacobins

Napoleon joined the _________ shortly after the French Revolution

Waterloo

Napoleon mobilized his army against the English and Prussians after his return from Elba. The Prussian army comes to the aid of the English and defeat Napoleon's army

Peninsular War

Napoleon's attempt to march across Spain in order to conquer Portugal. Napoleon attempts to secure French control over Spain and is meet with opposition by Spanish guerrillas.

allowing the countries to govern themselves for 6 years

Napoleon's conquest of Spain claimed its American Empire by....

Continental System

Napoleon's efforts to block foreign trade with England by forbidding Importation of British goods Into Europe.

100 Days

Napoleon's escape from Elba back to France where he is reunited with his old army am marches through southern France

defeat England through economic war

Napoleon's purpose in instituting the Continental System was...

guerillas

Spanish peasant fighters, or any small group of local fighters

Lycees

State secondary schools, intended to give it's students technical training and to produce loyal military officers and government officials from the graduates

Napoleonic Code

The French legal system enacted in 1804 containing the details for French civil , commercial, and criminal war.

Continental System

The establishment of a French blockade of English ships from docking in European ports, therefore, crippling English trade

Metternich

The foreign minister of Austria who helped to manage and control the agreement made by European nations in the Congress of Vienna. He was a conservative and believed in absolutism.

Elba

The island where Napoleon was exiled to after his first defeat as emperor in France.

Marie-Louise (of Austria)

The second wife of Napoleon. They were married on March 12, 1810 in Vienna, creating an alliance between Austria and France.

The Hundred Days

The time from Napoleon's return from exile on Elba to defeat at Waterloo.

Treaty of Fountainbleau

This finalized the exile of Napoleon to a Mediterranean island off the coast of Italy where Napoleon would be emperor of Elba alone.

Napoleonic Code

This was the civil code put out by Napoleon that granted equality of all male citizens before the law and granted absolute security of wealth and private property. Napoleon also secured this by creating the Bank of France which loyally served the interests of both the state and the financial oligarchy

1812 Invasion of Russia

This was the result of Napoleon's growing frustrations with the inefficiency of the Continental system and his growing interests in the Mediterranean region.

Prussia

What country was NOT ruled by a member of the Bonaparte family during the first decade of the 19c?

Napoleon's invasion of Spain

What was the direct cause of the rebellions in Latin America in the first part of the 19c?

it was a symbolic gesture to show his independence

Why is it significant that Napoleon crowned himself as Emperor of the first French Empire in 1804

nationalism

a feeling of loyalty and pride to a specific nation. This was a growing movement in Europe in the 1800's.

Battle of Trafalgar

an 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon's forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson.

scorched-earth policy

burning grain fields and slaughtering livestock so that the enemy in battle has nothing to eat

blockade

closing the ports to a city by force

Third Coalition

consisted of Britain, Russia, Austria, Sweden, and Prussia, defeated by Napoleon in brilliant victories (only defeat was off southern coast of Spain)(stopped invasion of England and ensure British Naval supremacy)

balance of power

giving each country in Europe equal power, so that one country could not take over another one.

Milan Decree

in 1807 which proclaimed that any vessel that submitted to British regulation or allowed itself to be searched by the Royal Navy was subject to seizure by France.

Waterloo

the battle on 18 June 1815 in which Napoleon met his final defeat, Located in Belgium, the place where the british army and the prussian army forces attacked the french. Napoleon's final defeat against the British and Prussians

Goal of the Continental System

to isolate Britain and promote Napoleon's mastery over Europe

Peninsular Campaign

when Napoleon sent troops into Portugal to impose the Continental System there