Nervous System
Which of the following would occur in a neuron if calcium could NOT enter the axon terminal?
inability to release neurotransmitters
Which one of the following activities would be facilitated by the sympathetic nervous system?
increased blood pressure
By which one of the following methods is a stronger stimulus coded by neurons differently from a weaker stimulus?
A stronger stimulus results in more action potentials/unit time.
Which of the following statements correctly characterizes an action potential?
Action potentials are initiated by depolarization of the membrane to threshold.
Which of the following statements regarding infections of the nervous system is accurate?
Bacterial meningitis is generally more severe than viral meningitis.
During synaptic transmission, the influx of ________ causes vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing ________.
Ca+2, neurotransmitter
An action potential is a long or rapid release of energy, generated by the sodium-potassium pumps of neurons.
False
Neurotransmitters always cause depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
False
The functional barrier between blood and the brain is cerebrospinal fluid.
False
The strength and duration of a stimulus determine the amplitude of an action potential.
False
True or false? The CNS consists of the brain.
False
Which part of the central nervous system is associated with emotions?
Limbic system
Which part of the brain functions like a switchboard for the brain?
Thalamus
All of the following are functions of the myelin sheath EXCEPT which one?
The myelin sheath plays an important role in synaptic transmission.
Which one of the following steps occurs during the absolute refractory period?
The neuron cannot generate an action potential.
Which of the following characteristics of the neuron cell membrane contributes to the maintenance of the resting membrane potential?
The sodium-potassium pump transports three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions it pumps into the cell.
Which of the following is characteristic of psychoactive drugs?
They alter levels of neurotransmitters.
What do multiple sclerosis and ALS (amyotropic lateral sclerosis) have in common?
They both damage the myelin sheath, slowing action potential transmission
Which one of the following diseases is caused by a virus that is introduced to the body through the skin and travels along sensory neurons to the brain?
rabies
A neuron at rest has a charge difference across its cell membrane, with the interior of the cell negative relative to the exterior. This difference in charge across the plasma membrane is referred to as ________ potential.
resting
An action potential _____.
reverses the + and charges at the membrane
Which one of the following establishes and maintains the resting potential?
sodium-potassium pump
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a demyelinating disease that results from nerve damage in the
spinal cord
Excitatory neurotransmitters encourage the generation of new electrical impulses by which one of the following?
stimulating depolarization of postsynaptic neurons
All of the following are directly involved in synaptic transmission, EXCEPT __________.
voltage-sensitive ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane
Long-term memory occurs __________.
when neurons are permanently changed
"True or false? When you are taking an exam, the sympathetic nervous system is dominant."
True
True or false? The sodium-potassium pump creates the + and difference across the cell membrane.
True
Convergence occurs when several presynaptic cells
form a synapse with a single postsynaptic cell
Which of the following must occur immediately before neurotransmitter can be released into the synaptic cleft?
opening of calcium channels on the presynaptic membrane
The reticular formation is associated with
wakefulness, posture, and muscle tone
In the primary somatosensory area, __________.
body parts that are extremely sensitive are represented by a greater area than less sensitive body parts
Which of the following influence(s) the speed of an action potential?
both the presence of a myelin sheath and the diameter of the axon
Which one of the following is NOT directly involved in the production of a typical spinal reflex?
brain
The left and right sides of the cerebrum are interconnected by which one of the following?
corpus callosum
The central nervous system is enclosed by membranes or meninges called the
dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid
Which of the following does NOT apply to the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
he somatic division controls smooth muscle activity.
From an evolutionary standpoint, which of the following structures is considered the oldest, most primitive division of the brain?
hindbrain
Regulation of the production of breast milk, carbohydrate metabolism, and temperature control are some of the functions of the
hypothalamus
Which one of the following parts of the brain effectively links the nervous system and the endocrine system?
hypothalamus
An __________ neurotransmitter causes __________ of the postsynaptic membrane.
inhibitory; hyperpolarization
Short-term memory is associated with the ________, whereas long-term memory is associated with the ________.
limbic system, cerebral cortex
Which one of the following cells transmit impulses away from the central nervous system to the muscles and other organs?
motor neurons
Which of the following cell types makes up the majority of cells in the nervous system?
neuroglial cells
The sensory neurons of the central nervous system function in _____.
receiving impulses
The motor division of the peripheral nervous system sends information to all of the following EXCEPT which one?
sensory division
Saltatory conduction is
the process of conduction leaping along myelinated neurons
