Nervous System

Which of the following would occur in a neuron if calcium could NOT enter the axon terminal?

inability to release neurotransmitters

Which one of the following activities would be facilitated by the sympathetic nervous system?

increased blood pressure

By which one of the following methods is a stronger stimulus coded by neurons differently from a weaker stimulus?

A stronger stimulus results in more action potentials/unit time.

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes an action potential?

Action potentials are initiated by depolarization of the membrane to threshold.

Which of the following statements regarding infections of the nervous system is accurate?

Bacterial meningitis is generally more severe than viral meningitis.

During synaptic transmission, the influx of ________ causes vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing ________.

Ca+2, neurotransmitter

An action potential is a long or rapid release of energy, generated by the sodium-potassium pumps of neurons.

False

Neurotransmitters always cause depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.

False

The functional barrier between blood and the brain is cerebrospinal fluid.

False

The strength and duration of a stimulus determine the amplitude of an action potential.

False

True or false? The CNS consists of the brain.

False

Which part of the central nervous system is associated with emotions?

Limbic system

Which part of the brain functions like a switchboard for the brain?

Thalamus

All of the following are functions of the myelin sheath EXCEPT which one?

The myelin sheath plays an important role in synaptic transmission.

Which one of the following steps occurs during the absolute refractory period?

The neuron cannot generate an action potential.

Which of the following characteristics of the neuron cell membrane contributes to the maintenance of the resting membrane potential?

The sodium-potassium pump transports three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions it pumps into the cell.

Which of the following is characteristic of psychoactive drugs?

They alter levels of neurotransmitters.

What do multiple sclerosis and ALS (amyotropic lateral sclerosis) have in common?

They both damage the myelin sheath, slowing action potential transmission

Which one of the following diseases is caused by a virus that is introduced to the body through the skin and travels along sensory neurons to the brain?

rabies

A neuron at rest has a charge difference across its cell membrane, with the interior of the cell negative relative to the exterior. This difference in charge across the plasma membrane is referred to as ________ potential.

resting

An action potential _____.

reverses the + and charges at the membrane

Which one of the following establishes and maintains the resting potential?

sodium-potassium pump

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a demyelinating disease that results from nerve damage in the

spinal cord

Excitatory neurotransmitters encourage the generation of new electrical impulses by which one of the following?

stimulating depolarization of postsynaptic neurons

All of the following are directly involved in synaptic transmission, EXCEPT __________.

voltage-sensitive ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane

Long-term memory occurs __________.

when neurons are permanently changed

"True or false? When you are taking an exam, the sympathetic nervous system is dominant."

True

True or false? The sodium-potassium pump creates the + and difference across the cell membrane.

True

Convergence occurs when several presynaptic cells

form a synapse with a single postsynaptic cell

Which of the following must occur immediately before neurotransmitter can be released into the synaptic cleft?

opening of calcium channels on the presynaptic membrane

The reticular formation is associated with

wakefulness, posture, and muscle tone

In the primary somatosensory area, __________.

body parts that are extremely sensitive are represented by a greater area than less sensitive body parts

Which of the following influence(s) the speed of an action potential?

both the presence of a myelin sheath and the diameter of the axon

Which one of the following is NOT directly involved in the production of a typical spinal reflex?

brain

The left and right sides of the cerebrum are interconnected by which one of the following?

corpus callosum

The central nervous system is enclosed by membranes or meninges called the

dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid

Which of the following does NOT apply to the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

he somatic division controls smooth muscle activity.

From an evolutionary standpoint, which of the following structures is considered the oldest, most primitive division of the brain?

hindbrain

Regulation of the production of breast milk, carbohydrate metabolism, and temperature control are some of the functions of the

hypothalamus

Which one of the following parts of the brain effectively links the nervous system and the endocrine system?

hypothalamus

An __________ neurotransmitter causes __________ of the postsynaptic membrane.

inhibitory; hyperpolarization

Short-term memory is associated with the ________, whereas long-term memory is associated with the ________.

limbic system, cerebral cortex

Which one of the following cells transmit impulses away from the central nervous system to the muscles and other organs?

motor neurons

Which of the following cell types makes up the majority of cells in the nervous system?

neuroglial cells

The sensory neurons of the central nervous system function in _____.

receiving impulses

The motor division of the peripheral nervous system sends information to all of the following EXCEPT which one?

sensory division

Saltatory conduction is

the process of conduction leaping along myelinated neurons