Neuromuscular and Nervous Systems
Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: a condition of weakness on one side of the body
hemiparesis
Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: touch on the cheek
rooting reflex
Innervation Level: Reflex: Biceps
C5
Hemispheric Specialization: Function: spatial relationships
Right Hemisphere
Hemispheric Specialization: Function: understand nonverbal communication
Right Hemisphere
Innervation Level: Reflex: Achilles
S1
T/F the Berg Balance Scale consists of 14 tasks, each scored on an ordinal five point scale
True
Cranial Nerve Testing: I - Olfactory Nerve
familiar smells
Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: pressure to the base of the toes
plantar grasp reflex
Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) II - Optic Nerve
sensory "say"
Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) VII - Facial Nerve
BOTH sensory & motor "brother"
Innervation Level: Dermatome: Deltoid area
C5
Innervation Level: Dermatome: Radial side of hand to thumb and index finger
C6
Innervation Level: Myotomes: Triceps
C7
Innervation Level: Reflex: Triceps
C7
Innervation Level: Dermatome: medial arm and forearm to long, ring, and little fingers
C8
T/F Guillain-Barre syndrome results in motor weakness in a proximal to distal progression
False Guillain-Barre syndrome results in motor weakness in a DISTAL TO PROXIMAL progression
T/F the occipital lobe of the cerebrum contains the primary motor cortex and Broca's area
False the FRONTAL LOBE of the cerebrum contains the primary motor cortex and Broca's area
T/F graphesthesia refers to the ability to perceive the weight of different objects placed in the hand
False BAROGNOSIS refers to the ability to perceive the weight of different objects placed in the hand
T/F a reflex grade of 1+ is indicative of a brisk or exaggerated response
False a reflex grade of 1+ indicates a DIMINISHED OR DEPRESSED response
T/F patients with Brown-Sequard's syndrome results in motor weakness in a proximal to distal progression
False patients with Brown-Sequard's syndrome present with a LOSS OF PAIN AND TEMPERATURE sense on the CONTRALATERAL side of the lesion
T/F the fasciculus gracilis is a motor tract responsible for voluntary, discrete, and skilled movement
False the CORTICOSPINAL TRACT is a motor tract responsible for voluntary, discrete, and skilled movement
T/F the Glasgow Coma Scale has a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 15
False the Glasgow Coma scale has minimum of 3 and a maximum of 15
Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: touch to the skin along the spine from the shoulder to the hip
Galant reflex
Innervation Level: Reflex: Patellar
L4
Hemispheric Specialization: Function: mathematical calculations
Left Hemisphere
Hemispheric Specialization: Function: understand and express language
Left Hemisphere
Pediatric Reflexes: Response: arms abduct with fingers open, then cross trunk into adduction; cry
Moro reflex
Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: head dropping into extension suddenly for a few inches
Moro reflex
Hemispheric Specialization: Function: body image awareness
Right Hemisphere
Hemispheric Specialization: Function: express negative emotions
Right Hemisphere
Innervation Level: Dermatome: groin, medial thigh to knee
S3
T/F crouching or squatting is an example of the suspensory postural strategy
True
T/F elbow flexion and/or forearm supination is a normal response when eliciting the brachioradialis deep tendon reflex
True
T/F slopes, uneven surfaces, and standing on foam could be used to challenge the somatosensory system during a balance assessment
True
T/F the axillary and radial nerves originate from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
True
T/F the meninges consist of three distinct layers termed the dura mater, archnoid, and pia mater
True
T/F the plantar reflex is assessed by stroking the lateral aspect of the sole of the foot to the ball of the foot toward the base of the great toe
True
Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: the inability to write due to a lesion within the brain
agraphia
Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: the inability to communicate or comprehend due to damage to specific areas of the brain
aphasia
Pediatric Reflexes: Response: arm and leg on the face side are extended; arm and leg on the scalp side are flexed
asymmetrical tonic neck reflex - ATNR
Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: head position, turned to one side
asymmetrical tonic neck reflex - ATNR
Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: the inability to reproduce geometric figures and designs
constructional apraxia
Sensory Testing: squeeze the forearm or calf muscle
deep pain
Cranial Nerve Testing: IV - Trochlear Nerve
downward and inward gaze
Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: the inability to control emotion with outbursts of laughing or crying that are inconsistent with the situation
emotional lability - or- pseudobulbar affect
Cranial Nerve Testing: V - Trigeminal Nerve
facial sensation
Sensory Stimulation Techniques: facilitation/inhibition icing
facilitation
Sensory Stimulation Techniques: facilitation/inhibition joint compression
facilitation
Sensory Stimulation Techniques: facilitation/inhibition light touch
facilitation
Sensory Stimulation Techniques: facilitation/inhibition quick stretch
facilitation
Sensory Stimulation Techniques: facilitation/inhibition tapping
facilitation
Cranial Nerve Testing: VII - Facial Nerve
familiar tastes
Cranial Nerve Testing: IX - Glossopharyngeal Nerve
gag reflex
Cranial Nerve Testing: X - Vagus Nerve
gag reflex
Pediatric Reflexes: Response: lateral flexion of the trunk to the side of the stimulus
galant reflex
Sensory Testing: draw a letter on the skin with a finger
graphesthesia
Cranial Nerve Testing: VIII - Vestibulocochlear Nerve
hearing test
Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: the loss of the right or left half of the field of vision in both eyes
homonymous hemianopsia
Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: a condition where a person plans a movement or task, but cannot volitionally perform it
ideomotor apraxia
Sensory Stimulation Techniques: facilitation/inhibition prolonged stretch
inhibition
Sensory Stimulation Techniques: facilitation/inhibition warmth
inhibition
Sensory Stimulation Techniques: facilitation/inhibition deep pressure
inhibition
Sensory Testing: identify direction and extent of movement of a body part
kinesthesia
Cranial Nerve Testing: VI - Abducens Nerve
lateral gaze
Sensory Testing: use a cotton ball applied to the skin
light touch
Types of Lesion: Pathology: Bell's Palsy
lower motor neuron
Types of Lesion: Pathology: Guillain-Barre Syndrome
lower motor neuron
Types of Lesion: Pathology: Muscular Dystrophy
lower motor neuron
Types of Lesion: Pathology: Poliomyelitis
lower motor neuron
Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) III - Oculomotor Nerve
motor "marry"
Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) XI - Accessory Nerve
motor "matter"
Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) IV - Trochlear Nerve
motor "money"
Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) XII - Hypoglossal Nerve
motor "most"
Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) VI - Abducens Nerve
motor "my"
Pediatric Reflexes: Response: flexion of the fingers causing a strong grip
palmar grasp reflex
Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: pressure in the palm on the ulnar side of the hand
palmar grasp reflex
Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: the state of repeatedly performing the same segment of a task or repeatedly saying the same word/phrase without purpose
perseveration
Pediatric Reflexes: Response: toe flexion
plantar grasp reflex
Pediatric Reflexes: Response: stiffening of the legs and the trunk into extension
positive support reflex
Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: weight placed on the balls of the feet when upright
positive support reflex
Sensory Testing: identify a static position of an extremity
proprioception
Cranial Nerve Testing: XI - Accessory Nerve
resisted shoulder shrug
Pediatric Reflexes: Response: turning the head to the same side with the mouth open
rooting reflex
Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) VIII - Vestibulocochlear Nerve
sensory "says"
Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) I - Olfactory Nerve
sensory "some"
Brunnstrom's Stages of Recovery: no volitional movement initiated
stage 1
Brunnstrom's Stages of Recovery: the appearance of basic limb synergies; the beginning of spasticity
stage 2
Brunnstrom's Stages of Recovery: the synergies are performed voluntarily; spasticity increases
stage 3
Brunnstrom's Stages of Recovery: spasticity begins to decrease; movement patterns are not dictated solely by limb synergies
stage 4
Brunnstrom's Stages of Recovery: a further decrease in spasticity is noted with independence from limb synergy patterns
stage 5
Brunnstrom's Stages of Recovery: isolated joint movements are performed with coordination
stage 6
Brunnstrom's Stages of Recovery: normal motor function is restored
stage 7
Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: loud, sudden noise
startle reflex
Sensory Testing: identify and object without sight
stereognosis
Sensory Testing: use a paper clip end or a pen cap
superficial pain
Pediatric Reflexes: Response: when the head is in flexion, the arms are flexed and the legs are extended
symmetrical tonic neck reflex - STNR
Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: head position, flexion or extension
symmetrical tonic neck reflex - STNR
Sensory Testing: use hot and cold test tubes
temperature
Cranial Nerve Testing: XII - Hypoglossal Nerve
tongue protrusion
Pediatric Reflexes: Response: when in a supine position, the body and the extremities are held in extension
tonic labyrinthine reflex - TLR
Sensory Testing: identify on or two points without sight
two-point discrimination
Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: the inability to interpret stimuli and events on the contralateral side of a hemispheric lesion
unilateral neglect
Types of Lesion: Pathology: CVA
upper motor neuron
Types of Lesion: Pathology: Cerebral Palsy
upper motor neuron
Types of Lesion: Pathology: Huntington's Chorea
upper motor neuron
Types of Lesion: Pathology: Multiple Sclerosis
upper motor neuron
Types of Lesion: Pathology: Traumatic Brain Injury
upper motor neuron
Cranial Nerve Testing: III - Oculomotor Nerve
upward, downward, and medial gaze
Sensory Testing: use a tuning fork
vibration
Cranial Nerve Testing: II - Optic Nerve
visual fields
Pediatric Reflexes: Response: reciprocal flexion and extension of the legs
walking/stepping reflex
Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: supported upright position with the soles of the feet on a firm surface
walking/stepping reflex
Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) IX - Glossopharyngeal Nerve
BOTH sensory & motor "big"
Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) V - Trigeminal Nerve
BOTH sensory & motor "but"
Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) X - Vagus Nerve
BOTH sensory & motor "butts"
Innervation Level: Myotomes: Trapezius
C4
Innervation Level: Myotomes: Extensor Hallucis Longus
L5
Hemispheric Specialization: Function: express positive emotions
Left Hemisphere
Hemispheric Specialization: Function: logical and rational
Left Hemisphere
Hemispheric Specialization: Function: artistic abilities
Right Hemisphere
Innervation Level: Myotomes: Gastrocnemius-Soleus
S1
