Neuromuscular and Nervous Systems

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Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: a condition of weakness on one side of the body

hemiparesis

Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: touch on the cheek

rooting reflex

Innervation Level: Reflex: Biceps

C5

Hemispheric Specialization: Function: spatial relationships

Right Hemisphere

Hemispheric Specialization: Function: understand nonverbal communication

Right Hemisphere

Innervation Level: Reflex: Achilles

S1

T/F the Berg Balance Scale consists of 14 tasks, each scored on an ordinal five point scale

True

Cranial Nerve Testing: I - Olfactory Nerve

familiar smells

Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: pressure to the base of the toes

plantar grasp reflex

Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) II - Optic Nerve

sensory "say"

Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) VII - Facial Nerve

BOTH sensory & motor "brother"

Innervation Level: Dermatome: Deltoid area

C5

Innervation Level: Dermatome: Radial side of hand to thumb and index finger

C6

Innervation Level: Myotomes: Triceps

C7

Innervation Level: Reflex: Triceps

C7

Innervation Level: Dermatome: medial arm and forearm to long, ring, and little fingers

C8

T/F Guillain-Barre syndrome results in motor weakness in a proximal to distal progression

False Guillain-Barre syndrome results in motor weakness in a DISTAL TO PROXIMAL progression

T/F the occipital lobe of the cerebrum contains the primary motor cortex and Broca's area

False the FRONTAL LOBE of the cerebrum contains the primary motor cortex and Broca's area

T/F graphesthesia refers to the ability to perceive the weight of different objects placed in the hand

False BAROGNOSIS refers to the ability to perceive the weight of different objects placed in the hand

T/F a reflex grade of 1+ is indicative of a brisk or exaggerated response

False a reflex grade of 1+ indicates a DIMINISHED OR DEPRESSED response

T/F patients with Brown-Sequard's syndrome results in motor weakness in a proximal to distal progression

False patients with Brown-Sequard's syndrome present with a LOSS OF PAIN AND TEMPERATURE sense on the CONTRALATERAL side of the lesion

T/F the fasciculus gracilis is a motor tract responsible for voluntary, discrete, and skilled movement

False the CORTICOSPINAL TRACT is a motor tract responsible for voluntary, discrete, and skilled movement

T/F the Glasgow Coma Scale has a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 15

False the Glasgow Coma scale has minimum of 3 and a maximum of 15

Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: touch to the skin along the spine from the shoulder to the hip

Galant reflex

Innervation Level: Reflex: Patellar

L4

Hemispheric Specialization: Function: mathematical calculations

Left Hemisphere

Hemispheric Specialization: Function: understand and express language

Left Hemisphere

Pediatric Reflexes: Response: arms abduct with fingers open, then cross trunk into adduction; cry

Moro reflex

Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: head dropping into extension suddenly for a few inches

Moro reflex

Hemispheric Specialization: Function: body image awareness

Right Hemisphere

Hemispheric Specialization: Function: express negative emotions

Right Hemisphere

Innervation Level: Dermatome: groin, medial thigh to knee

S3

T/F crouching or squatting is an example of the suspensory postural strategy

True

T/F elbow flexion and/or forearm supination is a normal response when eliciting the brachioradialis deep tendon reflex

True

T/F slopes, uneven surfaces, and standing on foam could be used to challenge the somatosensory system during a balance assessment

True

T/F the axillary and radial nerves originate from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

True

T/F the meninges consist of three distinct layers termed the dura mater, archnoid, and pia mater

True

T/F the plantar reflex is assessed by stroking the lateral aspect of the sole of the foot to the ball of the foot toward the base of the great toe

True

Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: the inability to write due to a lesion within the brain

agraphia

Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: the inability to communicate or comprehend due to damage to specific areas of the brain

aphasia

Pediatric Reflexes: Response: arm and leg on the face side are extended; arm and leg on the scalp side are flexed

asymmetrical tonic neck reflex - ATNR

Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: head position, turned to one side

asymmetrical tonic neck reflex - ATNR

Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: the inability to reproduce geometric figures and designs

constructional apraxia

Sensory Testing: squeeze the forearm or calf muscle

deep pain

Cranial Nerve Testing: IV - Trochlear Nerve

downward and inward gaze

Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: the inability to control emotion with outbursts of laughing or crying that are inconsistent with the situation

emotional lability - or- pseudobulbar affect

Cranial Nerve Testing: V - Trigeminal Nerve

facial sensation

Sensory Stimulation Techniques: facilitation/inhibition icing

facilitation

Sensory Stimulation Techniques: facilitation/inhibition joint compression

facilitation

Sensory Stimulation Techniques: facilitation/inhibition light touch

facilitation

Sensory Stimulation Techniques: facilitation/inhibition quick stretch

facilitation

Sensory Stimulation Techniques: facilitation/inhibition tapping

facilitation

Cranial Nerve Testing: VII - Facial Nerve

familiar tastes

Cranial Nerve Testing: IX - Glossopharyngeal Nerve

gag reflex

Cranial Nerve Testing: X - Vagus Nerve

gag reflex

Pediatric Reflexes: Response: lateral flexion of the trunk to the side of the stimulus

galant reflex

Sensory Testing: draw a letter on the skin with a finger

graphesthesia

Cranial Nerve Testing: VIII - Vestibulocochlear Nerve

hearing test

Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: the loss of the right or left half of the field of vision in both eyes

homonymous hemianopsia

Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: a condition where a person plans a movement or task, but cannot volitionally perform it

ideomotor apraxia

Sensory Stimulation Techniques: facilitation/inhibition prolonged stretch

inhibition

Sensory Stimulation Techniques: facilitation/inhibition warmth

inhibition

Sensory Stimulation Techniques: facilitation/inhibition deep pressure

inhibition

Sensory Testing: identify direction and extent of movement of a body part

kinesthesia

Cranial Nerve Testing: VI - Abducens Nerve

lateral gaze

Sensory Testing: use a cotton ball applied to the skin

light touch

Types of Lesion: Pathology: Bell's Palsy

lower motor neuron

Types of Lesion: Pathology: Guillain-Barre Syndrome

lower motor neuron

Types of Lesion: Pathology: Muscular Dystrophy

lower motor neuron

Types of Lesion: Pathology: Poliomyelitis

lower motor neuron

Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) III - Oculomotor Nerve

motor "marry"

Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) XI - Accessory Nerve

motor "matter"

Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) IV - Trochlear Nerve

motor "money"

Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) XII - Hypoglossal Nerve

motor "most"

Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) VI - Abducens Nerve

motor "my"

Pediatric Reflexes: Response: flexion of the fingers causing a strong grip

palmar grasp reflex

Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: pressure in the palm on the ulnar side of the hand

palmar grasp reflex

Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: the state of repeatedly performing the same segment of a task or repeatedly saying the same word/phrase without purpose

perseveration

Pediatric Reflexes: Response: toe flexion

plantar grasp reflex

Pediatric Reflexes: Response: stiffening of the legs and the trunk into extension

positive support reflex

Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: weight placed on the balls of the feet when upright

positive support reflex

Sensory Testing: identify a static position of an extremity

proprioception

Cranial Nerve Testing: XI - Accessory Nerve

resisted shoulder shrug

Pediatric Reflexes: Response: turning the head to the same side with the mouth open

rooting reflex

Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) VIII - Vestibulocochlear Nerve

sensory "says"

Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) I - Olfactory Nerve

sensory "some"

Brunnstrom's Stages of Recovery: no volitional movement initiated

stage 1

Brunnstrom's Stages of Recovery: the appearance of basic limb synergies; the beginning of spasticity

stage 2

Brunnstrom's Stages of Recovery: the synergies are performed voluntarily; spasticity increases

stage 3

Brunnstrom's Stages of Recovery: spasticity begins to decrease; movement patterns are not dictated solely by limb synergies

stage 4

Brunnstrom's Stages of Recovery: a further decrease in spasticity is noted with independence from limb synergy patterns

stage 5

Brunnstrom's Stages of Recovery: isolated joint movements are performed with coordination

stage 6

Brunnstrom's Stages of Recovery: normal motor function is restored

stage 7

Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: loud, sudden noise

startle reflex

Sensory Testing: identify and object without sight

stereognosis

Sensory Testing: use a paper clip end or a pen cap

superficial pain

Pediatric Reflexes: Response: when the head is in flexion, the arms are flexed and the legs are extended

symmetrical tonic neck reflex - STNR

Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: head position, flexion or extension

symmetrical tonic neck reflex - STNR

Sensory Testing: use hot and cold test tubes

temperature

Cranial Nerve Testing: XII - Hypoglossal Nerve

tongue protrusion

Pediatric Reflexes: Response: when in a supine position, the body and the extremities are held in extension

tonic labyrinthine reflex - TLR

Sensory Testing: identify on or two points without sight

two-point discrimination

Neuromuscular and Nervous System Terms: the inability to interpret stimuli and events on the contralateral side of a hemispheric lesion

unilateral neglect

Types of Lesion: Pathology: CVA

upper motor neuron

Types of Lesion: Pathology: Cerebral Palsy

upper motor neuron

Types of Lesion: Pathology: Huntington's Chorea

upper motor neuron

Types of Lesion: Pathology: Multiple Sclerosis

upper motor neuron

Types of Lesion: Pathology: Traumatic Brain Injury

upper motor neuron

Cranial Nerve Testing: III - Oculomotor Nerve

upward, downward, and medial gaze

Sensory Testing: use a tuning fork

vibration

Cranial Nerve Testing: II - Optic Nerve

visual fields

Pediatric Reflexes: Response: reciprocal flexion and extension of the legs

walking/stepping reflex

Pediatric Reflexes: Stimulus: supported upright position with the soles of the feet on a firm surface

walking/stepping reflex

Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) IX - Glossopharyngeal Nerve

BOTH sensory & motor "big"

Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) V - Trigeminal Nerve

BOTH sensory & motor "but"

Cranial Nerve Function: (sensory/motor) X - Vagus Nerve

BOTH sensory & motor "butts"

Innervation Level: Myotomes: Trapezius

C4

Innervation Level: Myotomes: Extensor Hallucis Longus

L5

Hemispheric Specialization: Function: express positive emotions

Left Hemisphere

Hemispheric Specialization: Function: logical and rational

Left Hemisphere

Hemispheric Specialization: Function: artistic abilities

Right Hemisphere

Innervation Level: Myotomes: Gastrocnemius-Soleus

S1


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