NT - Exam 2 Study Guide

How is salvation described in Luke? (provide examples)

"Good news" (gospel) for the poor, prisoners (freedom); brokenhearted (healing); blind (sight); oppressed (freedom) Deliverance - Forgiveness of sins - Healing - Freedom from oppression - Reversal

How are the gospels different from greco-roman biographies?

(ATTENTION)

How is redaction criticism helpful in understanding each of the synoptic gospels?

(ATTENTION)

In what way is the parable of the rich man and Lazarus (Lk 16: 19-31) paradoxical?

(ATTENTION)

What does Luke 1:1-4 have to say about why an explanation of synoptic relationships may be helpful?

(ATTENTION)

What is redaction criticism?

- Considers how evangalists edited their sources - How the evangalist used and redacted (edited) their sources

What are some distinctively Jewish features of Matthew?

- Infancy Narrative ---- Jesus' heritage is traced to Israel ---- The genealogy is focused on Joseph as Jewish custom focuses on men - Moses is the parallel for Jesus - Speaking of the kingdom of heaven

What is the distinctiveness of John compared to the synoptics, in terms of the content of Jesus' teaching?

- Jesus relates himself more to the Kingdom - Does not insist on keeping of messianic secret

What is the Markan paradox?

- Messiahship is defined by his crucifixion - The son of god as a human being - Jesus is Messiah but appears in humility and suffering as a human

What is form criticism?

- Reflects the special interest in the gospels being written on two levels - How the evangalist situations are reflected in their accounts

What are the three types of higher criticism?

- Source Criticism - Redaction Criticism - Form Criticism

Where are the gentiles included in the gospel of Matthew?

- The Magi/Wisemen to Bethleham - The Centurion at the Cross - The final mission to all the nations

What is unusual about the ending of Mark (16:9-20)?

- The earliest ending was originally only until verse 8 and 9-20 was not added until later - they may potentially have been part of the original but could have simply been lost - It simply ends without any further illustration upon Jesus' resurrection

Why do most scholors today believe Matthew was written in Antioch?

- The earliest knowledge of Matthew is in Ignatius and the Didache, both of which were associated with Antioch - Church in Antioch was mostly Jewish-Christian with growing gentile membership

What is source criticism?

- The type of criticism reflected in the two source theory - What sources the evangalist used

How might the role of the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew (chaps 5-7) be described?

- the first of the five large speeches of Matthew - Jesus teachings are related to that of Moses - Jesus teaching is fulfillment of long ago spoken word of Moses

Where do the middle two section of John get their names?

1. Book of Signs - Jesus's miracles referred to as signs 2. Book of Glory - Crucifixion = Moment of Glorification

What are the four sections of John as outlined in class?

1. Prologue (1:1-1:18) 2. The Book of Signs (1:19-12:50) 3. The Book of Glory (13:1-20:31) 4. Epilogue (21)

According to Papias, where did Mark get the information for this gospel?

Apostle Peter

What structural feature is used to mark off the five sections of Jesus' ministry in Matthew?

At the end of each discourse, it is stated "and when he had finished..." providing clear definition to the ending of the section

What does theological biography mean in regards to the Gospels?

Biography - dealing with the life of a real person Theological - to persuade the readers of Jesus' significance for their lives.

Is the kingdom of God a present reality or an expectation for the future, in Jesus' teaching

Both Present: changes your life now Future: eternal life The kingdom is already here, but not yet everything it is going to be.

Why does the phrase "kingdom of heven" occur only in Matthew?

Circumlocutions for God

What does it mean to say that John has a realized or inaugurated eschatology?

Eschatological themes are applied to Jesus in the present

What is the "Kingdom of God" in Jesus' teaching?

God's rule or reign

How are Greco-Roman biographies different from modern biographies?

Greco-roman bographies focused primarily on paradigm or the model of things. They wrote to focus on the character and didactic function (to teach a lesson). Modern concern is more about the plausability of the storyline

How might the messianic secret be accounted for historically and textually?

Historically: There were messianic expectations i.e. crucifixion Textually: marks paradox i.e human

Why might the term signs be used so frequently in John when it is so seldom used in all the other synoptics?

In synoptics, Jesus rejects the request for a sign

What is Luke's universalism? (provide examples)

It applies to all people; even people previously excluded (Gentiles, Women, Sinners, etc)

In what way is the reversal said to be both a reversal of fortunes and a reorientation of values?

It reverses the ideas of rich and poor, for example, and reorientates the perspective to make poor seem better than rich

What about Mark might be described as "earthy realism"

It was addressed to those under persecution, mark was about the struggle

How is the location of the sermon on the mount significant for Luke's portrayal?

It's Jesus's "inaugural sermon" in Luke; Description of Jesus's messiahship: anointed by the Spirit

Why is Jesus' "Nazareth synagogue sermon" (Lk 4:16-30) especially important for understanding Luke's portrayal of Jesus?

It's a description of Jesus's messiahship Jesus is saying he is the anointed one (anointed by Spirit of God) (Messiah). Good News = Gospel to the poor Freedom to captives Sight to the blind Freedom to oppressed Year of the Lord's favor (Jubilee) Luke's portrayal is "Jesus the Savior."

Why do the formula citations not seem to be proof of Jesus' messiahship to a Jewish audience?

Jesus does not seem to be trying to prove his messiah-ship as he does not cite stuff around and about the crucifixion

What is the messianic secret in Mark?

Jesus does not want his messiah-ship to be known by the people.

How often in the gospels does Jesus refer to the church?

Jesus doesn't mention the church frequently

What is the distinctiveness of John compared to the synoptics, in terms of Jesus' teaching style?

Jesus is dependent on the Father (Unique verbiage to John)

How does the greco-roman paradigms relate to them being labeled didactic?

Jesus is the Messiah but at that point it is a paradigm because one can not actually be Christ but must simply model after the characteristics of Christ.

What is unusual about the way Jesus refers to himself in his conversation with Martha in John 11: 17-27? (hint: eschatology)

Jesus refers to himself as the Resurrection

How does Jesus refer to the Law of Moses in the sermon (v 17-18)?

Jesus says that he is not here to break or destroy the law of Moses but to fulfill his word and until every bit is accomplished of the law, the law will remain

How would you summarize the distinctiveness of John overall?

Jesus talks more about himself and relates himself to the Kingdom unlike other gospels

What is there in Mark that may suggest he wrote Galilee?

Jesus teaches in Galilee for the beginning chapters of Mark (ATTENTION)

Who were the main participants in the Kingdom during Jesus' ministry?

Jews at first

What does the manner of Jesus' death have to do with roman involvement?

Jews did not crucify people, crucifixion was a roman propaganda tool for the pax romana

What was the status of gentiles compared to Jews in Jesus's message and ministry?

Jews first in Jesus' ministry and then getting to the gentiles eventually

Why might John have placed the temple incident early in his gospel?

John has a greater emphasis on worship; Symbolizes Jesus as the temple

Where is "Jubilee" referres to in the sermon (Lk 4:16-30)

Jubilee is every 50 years or every 7th sabbath year (every 7th year). The land would revert back to original owner - reminding all people that all land and people belong to God (Leviticus 25)

Where are the majority of Jesus' eschatological teachings found?

Luke

Which gospel was written first?

Mark

When is the first time a disciple confesses Jesus as the messiah in Mark?

Mark 8: 27-31 Peter says Jesus is messiah on the way to the villages of Caesarea Philippi

What are the two sources of the two source theory?

Mark and Q

If Mark originally ended in 16:8, how might this fit with Mark's overall picture of Jesus?

Mark depicted Jesus as this anomaly as he was human but of holy origin and his return from the dead simply being the ending would continue on the paradox

Which of the synoptics is thought to provide the basic outline of Jesus' ministry, which the others follow?

Mark sets an outline that Matthew and Luke seem to follow

What is the relationship among the synoptics according to the two source thoery?

Mark was written first and Matthew and Luke used Mark as their basic source, along with source Q

What are the "formula sitations" of Matthew?

Matthew connects events to prophecies and quotes verses from the Old Testament

How could Matthew be addressing the "identity crisis" of the Jewish christians?

Matthew could be addressing the crisis by assuring that the destruction of temple/synagogue would all work out as the true temple was in that of Jesus

What was the probable purpose of formula citations in Matthew?

Matthew is showing that Jesus is fulfilling the prophecies and that the Jews are not abandoning their jewishness by believing in Jesus

How is Sermon on the mount important for understanding Matthew's portrayal of Jesus?

Matthew often times parallels Jesus to Moses as a prophet of sorts and impresses the importance of Jewishness in this manner and by specifically comparing Jesus to Moses in the speech of the sermon on the mount

Which of the gospels do we refer to as the synoptic gospel?

Matthew, Mark, and Luke

When is the first time someone in Mark recognizes the true meaning of Jesus as "Son of God"?

Not until His crucifixion; Messiahship is defined by his crucifixion

What does Papias say about Matthew that is an early indication of someone recognizing Matthew's Jewish character?

Papias says that Matthew wrote down the sayings of Jesus in Hebrew which declares him as Jewish

What does the subject particularity have to do with the differences between greco-roman biographies and modern ones?

Particularity is about what makes the character act as they do which is common to modern biographies, greco-roman biographies were more focused on the point they were trying to get across

What is Q?

Q is the unknown source that both Matthew and Luke consulted.

What is the "reversal" in Luke? (provide examples)

Reorientation of values (Reorientation by disorientation). Rich and poor, blessing and curse (Luke 16:19-31) Greatest and Least, Leadership and Servanthood (Luke 22:24-27) Sick and well, honor and shame, righteous and sinner This serves to describe how things are and how they should be

What does the manner of Jesus' death (crucifixion) have to do with Roman involvement?

Romans used crucifixion as propaganda for pax romana, it was a scare tactic that Jews did not use

What does historical plausability have to do with details such as chronology in the gospels?

Small details especially in reference to timeline are not as vital in the gospels as in modern biographies

What type of criticism is reflected in the "two source theory"?

Source and Redaction

How might an audience for Mark in the city of Rome account for mark's special emphasis?

Stress on the disciples failure may have in mind Christians facing crucifixion

How might the relationship of Luke's gospel to the book of Acts be described?

Synonymous or continuation (book 1 and book 2)

Why do refer to the aforementioned gospel as the synoptic gospel?

Synoptic means - being seen together Matthew, Mark, and Luke appear with the same broad outline

What recently discovered ancient document is similar to the Q in form?

The Dead Sea Scrolls

How might the situation of Jewish christians in Antioch have been in the midst of an identity crisis?

The Jews were under an identity crisis as they were Jews who believed in the way of Jesus

What is the major theme of Jesus' message?

The Kingdom of God

How are the biographical descriptions of the OT different from those in the Gospels?

The OT does not have independent biographies

What does the Q consist of?

The Q consists almost entirely of quotes from Jesus

What is significant in Matthew about Jesus' reference to the Christian community to come (the church)?

The book of Matthew was written for the Jews primarily and the Jews had developed heightening distrust of the church as they felt the kingdom of god had been taken from them and given to the church, so for Jesus to call them to the church was to say drop your past disdain and follow me

What does it mean to say the gospels were written on two levels?

The gospels are written in both the historical and contemporary levels

How are the gospels similar to greco-roman biographies?

The gospels as well as greco-roman biographies are meant to serve dual purpose of describing the character and the model (ATTENTION)

What does the requirement of historical plausability mean with respect to greco-roman bigraphies?

The historical requirement is about big picture plausability rather than small picture scrutiny

How does the 'kingdom of God's' prominence in the synoptic gospels compare with the rest of the New Testament?

The nature of the kingdom is different, Jesus himself talked of the kingdom

How is the recognition of Jesus as the son of God significant for Mark's paradox?

The paradox is that Jesus is the son of god, but god is this holy being and Jesus is a human being featuring humility and suffering

How is the passage in which a disciple terms Jesus the messiah significant for Mark's portrayal of Jesus?

The proclamation of Jesus as messiah is linked with the death of Jesus

What is Parousia?

The second coming of Christ

How does the use of signs in John compare to the synoptics?

The stated purpose of John is to relate "signs" that prompt belief in Jesus; in the synoptics, "signs" are rejected Work expresses divine perspective on the action, what is accomplished Sign expresses the human perspective, the action as an indication of something else

What is the situation of Jewish Christians in Antioch that Matthew may have been written to address.

The temple had been destroyed and the Romans especially those in Antioch were in a position of new surging power which lead to trials and also Jesus and the synagogues were at odds blaming his ways for the downfall of the temple

How might you describe the misunderstandings and failures theme of Mark?

The theme can be described as earthy realism

How might the secrecy theme relate to Marks paradox?

The truth about Jesus is paradoxical, and only known through revelation, received by faith

What is distinctive about Jesus' ethical teaching in Matthew?

The way Matthew connects Jesus life with the old testament prophecies. Matthew is more specific than the others.

Is there something significant about Matthew being in five sections?

There are 5 books of Moses and Jesus is paralleled to Moses so he has 5 sections in Matthew. There are also 5 books in the Torah

How are the biographical descriptions of the OT silimar to the Gospels?

There are figures within the OT that resemble Jesus such as Moses, Elijah, and Elisha. There are events that parallel the gospels.

What is the distinctiveness of John compared to the synoptics, in terms of others; testimony about Jesus?

There is no messianic secret

What might messianic secret have to do with Mark's paradox?

There was already an idea of what a messiah ought to be according to marks paradox and so Jesus tried to keep from being seen by this preconceived notion

In what way are Greco-Roman biographies paradigms?

These biographies were essentially a paradigm as they sought to model a pattern of values or the imprtance of a character or their actions.

In what sense are the gospels anonymous?

They are anonymous as the authorship is not specifically stated

What is the explanation for the emphasis of misunderstandings and failures in Mark?

This was a result of the paradox provided from the crucifixion of messiah

In what way does John give a theology of revelation?

To reveal God; "Word" - Jesus is called this in the prologue

Where do we find Papias's observation?

We find this in the Eusebius, the first historian of Christianity from ecclesiastical history

Are gentiles included in Matthew's gospel?

Yes

What does the requirement of historical plausability mean with respect to the gospels?

historical plausability contrasts with modern biography

What is eschatology?

study of the end times