Nutrition

Which of the following statments is true?

A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings

How does the biological activity of phylloquinone from plants compare to the biological activity of menaquinones from fish oils and meat?

The biological activity of phylloquinone is significantly higher.

Which of the following statements is false?

The interent is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed.

Which of the following methods is not useful for estimating total energy expenditure?

Waistline measurements

To establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientists add __________ of the nutrient to its EAR.

a "margin of saftey" amount

A group of registered dietitians is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on school-age children's behaior. At first, the researchers will __________

make observations

Which of the following statements is a health claim that the FDA allows on a food package?

"While many factors affect heart disease, diets low in saturated fat may reduce the risk of this disease."

Max wants to increase his intake of vitamin C without taking a dietary supplement. When he shops for food, he reads Nutrition Facts labels. Which of the following kinds of information will help him choose foods that are the richest sources of vitamin C?

%DVs

Which of the follwoing standards can help you comapre nutritional contents of packaged foods to make more healthful choices?

%DVs

If a small banana supplies 90,000 calories, it supplies __________ kilocalories.

90

Anthony is training for a half-marathon. On long-run days, which of the following snacks would be the most appropriate to consume after one hour of running and why?

A banana and pretzels because they provide carbohydrate, which helps prevent fatigue.

_______________ vitamins are important for protecting the body against oxidative stress and damage.

Antioxidant

________ is an eating disorder that features recurrent episodes of overeating followed by purging behaviors.

Bulimia nervosa

Which of the following athletes will benefit the most from carbohydrate loading?

Cross-country skier

Because magnesium is a component of chlorophyll, which of the following menu items has the highest magnesium content?

Green smoothie containing 2 cups of leafy greens and 2 cups of ripe fruit

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of whey protein?

Improves stamina

Which of the following foods contains the most potassium per serving and is low in fat and sodium?

Papaya

Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)?

Raw carrots

Which symptom may manifest in both magnesium deficiency and magnesium toxicity?

Weakness

Which of the following weight-loss medications is a lipase inhibitor?

Xenical (orlistat)

Which of the following statements about zinc is true?

Zinc deficiency in North America is rare because of the wide distribution of zinc in foods.

An Estimated Average Requirment (EAR) is the __________

amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population

A refined grain product that has iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid added to replace amounts lsot during processing has been __________

enriched

The Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act of 1994 allows manufactures to classify nutrient supplements and herbal products as __________ rather than __________, reducing the testing they must undergo before marketing.

foods; medications

Goblet cells produce _____.

mucus

The vitamin effective in treating pellagra is __________

niacin

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

villi

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

Bile

Protein recommendations are highest for which of the following groups?

High-intensity interval training athletes

Which of the following is NOT associated with a positive nitrogen balance?

Increased levels of cortisol

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. One of the minerals in her formula has a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 130 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral?

Major mineral

Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her coffee with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use?

Sucralose

Which of the following statements is true?

The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake

Which of the following is a possible essential trace mineral that is involved in metabolism of glucose?

Vanadium

Which of the following allergic reactions to foods is the most serious and requires immediate treatment?

anaphylaxis

The liver recycles bile salts to make new _____.

bile

Broccoli is a rich source of

chromium

Pancreatic amylase _______.

digests starch in the small intestine

Of the following factors that impact the dietary needs of an athlete, all of the following can be adjusted EXCEPT:

genetic endowment.

Lactose is the disaccharide in _______.

milk

A deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare because

the vitamin is widespread in the food supply.

Excess intakes of most water-soluble vitamins are excreted in

urine.

Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone act to increase urinary _________.

water conservation

Which of the following food marketing efforts can influence an individual's food selections?

All answers are correct: Food packaging Television advertising Placment on the bottoms helft at the supermarket

Why are older adults at increased risk for vitamin B-12 deficiency compared to younger people?

As you age, your stomach produces less acid, which limits cleavage of vitamin B-12 from food. In addition, decreased production of intrinsic factor by the stomach limits vitamin B-12 absorption.

Gabe's grandfather has a history of heart disease and is on anticoagulant drug therapy. His prescription drugs include Coumadin (warfarin). What dietary precaution should his grandfather be taking?

Avoid any large increases in dark green, leafy vegetable intake because vitamin K can reduce effectiveness of anticoagulants and promote blood clots.

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidlines for Americans, which of the following is a recommendation for women who are preganant or breastfeeding?

Avoid fish such as tilefish, shark, swordfish, and king mackerel.

It is not possible to directly measure the percentage of fat in a person's body. You can, however, measure percent body fat indirectly. Which of the following methods of measurement is not used to measure body fat?

Bathroom scale

Joshua has type 2 diabetes, and he does not control his blood glucose levels. As a result of his lack of control, which of the following conditions is he most likely to develop?

Blindness

High-protein diets may contribute to osteoporosis due to higher-than-normal urinary losses of which mineral?

Calcium

Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction?

Calcium

Which of the following nutrients is NOT involved in cellular development?

Carbohydrates

Contrary to popular belief, all of the alternative sweeteners approved for sale in the U.S. are safe for human consumption and have never been proven to be carcinogenic (cancer-causing) in humans. Of the following alternative sweeteners, which one is banned for sale in the U.S. because of controversial research that indicated the substance caused bladder cancer in mice?

Cyclamate

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who are healthy but need to avoid solid food for a while. Based on this information, she is likely to refer to __________ when developing the new formula.

DRIs

Which of the following statements are true?

Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes.

Which of the following does NOT affect nutrient needs?

Ethnicity

Laura is concerned about her children's dental health, because they live in a community that does not have fluoridated water. Which of the following items is another good source of fluoride for her children?

Fluoridated toothpaste

Which of the follwoing topics is one of the five overacrching guidelines of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Follow a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan

Which of the following compounds is released when the carboxylic acid group of one amino acid is attracted to the amino group of another amino acid, forming a peptide bond?

H2O

Which of the following statements is true?

Heartburn often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.

Iron is part of the hemoglobin in red blood cells. What is the purpose of hemoglobin?

Hemoglobin transports oxygen from lungs to body cells.

An impoverished child living in a developing country is at risk of suffering from protein-energy malnutrition. If this child consumes insufficient dietary protein, what is the physiological consequence?

Insufficient protein intake inhibits the body's ability to make immune antibodies, some hormones, and enzymes.

Which of the following factors does not have a major influence on a typical American college student's food choices?

Is nutrient dense

Mr. Choenyi is a 39-year-old man who recently emigrated to the United States from Tibet. During a visit to his physician, he reported a history of bilateral knee and ankle pain. Magnetic resonance imaging showed deformities of his knee joints and narrowed joint spaces in both ankles. Given his medical history, country of origin, and radiographic findings, his physician suspects

Kashin-Beck disease.

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

LDL

Which of the following is NOT a complex carbohydrate?

Lactose

Which of the following is the primary limiting amino acid in seeds and tree nuts?

Lysine

Which of the following statements is true?

Most food guides classify eggs in the protein foods group.

Which of the following dietary supplements is safe and effective for losing weight?

None of the dietary supplements listed is safe and effective: Ephedra Guar Gum Hoodia

Which of the following statements is true?

Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.

________ is an extreme obsession with eating healthy foods.

Orthorexia

Undernutrition and overnutrition are both problems in the United States. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:

Overnutrition is less common in the United States than undernutrition is

Which of the following foods or beverages is a main source of added sugar in American diets?

Regular soft drinks

Which of the following is the most active form of vitamin A in the body?

Retinol

Which of the following actions is one of the five overarching guidlines of Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2015-2020 version)?

Shift to healthier foods and beverage choices

Which of the following behaviors is typical of someone who has disordered eating but not an eating disorder?

Skipping breakfast when late for an exam

Gabe is interested in ways to maximize the vitamin content in his fresh fruits and vegetables. All of the following are good practices to ensure maximum vitamin content preservation EXCEPT:

Store fresh produce in plastic bags at room temperature.

Which of the following foods has the highest vitamin E content per serving?

Sunflower seed kernels

Which of the following statements is true?

The Exchange System can be used to estimate the carbohydrate content of foods.

While studying Egyptian anthropology, Lino was surprised to learn that zinc deficiency was common among certain Middle Eastern populations, even though their diet was high in zinc-containing foods. What caused the zinc deficiency in these populations?

The population consumes unleavened bread. The phytates in the bread bind to zinc, decreasing its bioavailability.

Identify the coenzyme forms of the following B vitamins that function in energy metabolism.

Thiamin: TPP Riboflavin: FAD Niacin: NAD Vitamin B-6: PLP Pantothenic acid: CoA

Why should a person consume foods that contain recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals?

To maintain optimal tissue levels of these nutrients.

Which of the following reasons in NOT an important reason why people should study nutrition?

To provide advice to people concerning which foods should be eaten and which should be avoided.

Choline is used by nerve cells to form the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

True

Lipids are soluble in organic solvents such as acetone but insoluble in water.

True

The Heimlich maneuver is a simple and effective first aid technique to use when an adult or child is choking.

True

A deficiency of ____ contributes to the development of osteomalacia and osteoporosis.

Vitamin D

Carbohydrate loading involves a period of increasing carbohydrate intake. It also leads to an increase in the muscles' storage of which of the following that may cause muscle stiffness and unwanted weight gain?

Water

The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw calims the dietary supplement AminoProFix helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of __________.

a testimonial

Matt is having his body fat assessed by ____, a technique that requires a large device called the BOD POD.

air displacement

A nutrient is considered essential if...

all answers are correct: when the missing nutrient is added back to the diet, signs and symptoms of deficiency are resolved the body does not make the nutrient, or make enough of it to meet its needs. when the nutrient is missing form the diet, a deficiency disease occurs.

Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(n) __________.

anecdote

Most people who suffer from anorexia nervosa _____.

are females

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he _____.

avoid overeating during meals

Bill would like to follow recommendations that would reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on this information, Bill should _____.

become more physically active

Don recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet. According to the results of the analysis, his average daily saturated fat intake was 5% of total calories and his average daily unsaturated fat intake was 12% of total calories. Based on this information, his total fat intake is ______ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

below

Jana's BMI is 25.5. She skips breakfast and usually eats a salad for lunch. While she is with friends, she eats large amounts of cookies, pastries, and ice cream. After eating such foods, she excuses herself to go to the bathroom. Her friends are amazed that she doesn't gain weight. Based on this information, Jana may have _____.

bulimia nervosa

Vitamin D's primary role in the body is regulation of blood _______________ levels.

calcium

A 65-year-old man with type 2 diabetes is unable to consume foods, so he must be nourished by an intravenous feeding solution. This solution, however, lacked a particular trace mineral. As a result of receiving the defective solution, the man experienced elevated blood glucose and elevated blood lipids. Based on this information, the defective feeding solution did not contain _______ .

chromium

Learning about food and nutrition is a __________ factor that affects food choices

cognitive

Scientists in a Central American country are studying factors that may be associated with delayed physical growth among a gorup of low-income children. The children live in a region of the nation that has high levels of lead in drinking water. This study is an exapme of a(n) __________ study.

epidemiological

Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conduction a(n) __________ study.

epidemiological

The Exchange System allows you to __________

estimate you carbohydrate intake

Heart disease has both preventable and non-preventable risk factors that contribute to its development. All of the following are lifestyles risk factors for heart disease EXCEPT:

family history and genertic predisposition for heart disease.

Foods high in __________ have the highest energy density.

fat

Jill is an elite gymnast. She is 16 years old and knows that this upcoming year will be her last chance to make the U.S. team to compete in the world championship. Her coaches have been pressuring her to keep her weight down, and Jill has begun restricting her calories to less than 1200 per day. On days during which she eats more than 1200 kilocalories, she takes a laxative to help purge the extra energy. Her weight has stayed low but lately she has stopped menstruating. Last week she fell off the balance beam and fractured her ankle. A bone density study showed that she is at risk for developing osteoporosis. Based on this information, Jill probably has _____ .

female athlete triad

Having high blood levels of _____ may increase a person's risk of CVD.

homocysteine

Clayton is a 19-year-old college student. He avoids milk, because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However, he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms. Based on this information, Clayton probably has _______.

lactose intolerance

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

large intestine

The adequate intake (AI) for vitamin K can be met easily by eating a salad that contains 1 cup of _______________ and 2 tablespoons of salad dressing made with soybean oil.

leafy vegetables

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

liver

A diet that supplies adequate amounts of nutrient prevents __________

nutrient-deficiency disorders

Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the _____ group.

protein

To reduce her intake of added sugar, Isabelle should _______.

replace regular soft drinks with plain water

A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietarypractices. This research is a __________study.

retrospective

Painful cracks at the corners of the mouth and a swollen, red tongue are signs of a deficiency of

riboflavin.

A deficiency of folate during the early stages of embryonic development can lead to neural tube defects. When the neural tube fails to close properly, part of the spinal cord or a sac of spinal fluid may bulge through the back. This condition is called

spina bifida.

The body uses cholesterol to make _____.

steroid hormones

Iodine is required for the synthesis of

thyroid hormones.

Even though eggs and milk contain very little niacin, these foods can support the body's niacin status because some of the ______ in these foods can be converted into niacin in the body.

tryptophan

Rose has an autoimmune disease that destroyed her salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Rose probably _____.

uses a lot of spices and sauces to season her foods

Today, Sean only ate three sandwhichs made with whole-grain buns, 3 slices of cheese, and 10 ounces of roast beef. He also drank 3 cups of orange juice. According to MyPlate, he ate nothing from the food groups that includes __________

vegatables

Mr. Sanford is a 72-year-old man who has poor nutrient intake. While he was in his physician's office for a routine checkup, he mentioned that foods "just don't taste good anymore." A possible cause for Mr. Sanford's altered sense of taste is

zinc deficiency.

Which of the following statements is accurate?

People with NES believe they can only fall asleep by having a full stomach.

A group fo 50 adult male humans were in a clinical study to determine how much niacin is toxic. During the first 2 weeks of the study, members of the group consumed only a formual diet that was nutrtionally complete, except it contained 24 mg niacin, whcih is 1.5 times the RDA fro niacin (males). At the point in the study, all members reproted feeling fine, and they could function normally. During the next week, they were given a formula that contained 48 mg niacin. Within a few days of consuming this formula, 90% of the participants reported feeling ill, and they complined of having upset stomachs and reddened facial skin. At that point, researchers gave the subjects a formula that contain 16 mg niacin. After a week of consuming the new formula, all participants reported feeling weel agiain. Based on this information, the researches conluded that the __________

Ul for niacin was between 24 and 45 mg/day

Kristan uses %DVs to help plan nutritious menus with various packaged foods. She should try to obtain at least 100% of Daily Values for which of the following nutrients?

Vitamin C

A liquid has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water, but lower than the pH of household ammonia. Based on this information, the liquid is _____.

baking soda

Larry is a wrestler who was last year's state wrestling champion for his high school. This year, Larry is performing poorly, compared to in the past. His coach is pressuring him to train harder, and Larry is feeling depressed. After practice, he often eats large amounts of empty-calorie foods, consuming thousands of kilocalories at a time. He is disgusted with his behavior, but he does nothing to compensate for his excessive food intake. Based on this information, Larry probably has _____ .

binge-eating disorder

Having a control group enables researches to __________

compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group

The only medication that is currently FDA-approved for treatment of eating disorders is

fluoxetine (Prozac®).

Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is likely to _______.

give birth to a baby that has birth defects

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and _____.

learning ways to manage stress effectively

A substance has a pH that is lower than the pH of pure water, but higher than the pH of gastric juice. Based on this information, the substance is ______.

lemon juice

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugar intake should be limited to less than __________ % of total daily calories.

10

Anthony is a 42-year-old male who recently lost 50 pounds by increasing his exercise and eating small, frequent meals. Now that he is in a weight-maintenance phase, his trainer recommends exercising for 90 minutes per day, most days of the week, at 60-70% of his maximum heart rate. How many heartbeats per minute is 60-70% of his max heart rate?

107-125 beats per minute

A granola bar's Nutrition Facts panel says that it has 5 grams of fat, 19 grams of carbohydrate, and 7 grams of protein per bar. Approximately how many kilocalories are in this bar?

150 kilocalories

An athlete who consumes 2500 kcal/day should consume how many grams of fat daily?

56-97 grams of fat per day

Which of the following statements about carbohydrate consumption is FALSE?

Breakfast cereal is the primary source of added sugar in the diets of American children.

Vitamins are classified as being either water soluble or fat soluble. There is disagreement in the scientific community as to whether one vitamin-like nutrient is really a vitamin. Which nutrient is not technically classified as a vitamin?

Choline

Name the coenzyme form of pantothenic acid, which is required for the breakdown of nutrients to yield energy and the synthesis of fatty acids.

Coenzyme A (CoA)

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines, which of the following substances is a nutrient of public health concern?

Dietary fiber

After moving through the ileocecal sphincter, unabsorbed water and undigested remains of chyme enter the jejunum.

False

Which of the following statements is true?

Fat contributes to the flavor of foods.

Which of the following statements about reactive hypoglycemia is FALSE?

People with reactive hypoglycemia will feel better if they eat larger meals, three times a day, with no snacks in between.

There are six standards included under the umbrella of the Dietary Reference Intakes. Which one is missing from this list? Tolerable Upper Intake Level Adequate Intake Estimated Energy Requirement Estimated Average Requriment Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range

Recommended Dietary Allowance

Which of the following is an objective of Healthy People 2020?

Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese.

A scientist wants to break down a carbohydrate called "maltose" into its component parts. To accomplish this task, she should ______.

add maltase to a solution that contains maltose

Andrea, a 22-year old college student, has been rushed to the hospital after collapsing at the gym. After performing some clinical tests, the doctor determines Andrea's BMI is 16.8; she is dehydrated; and she has very low bone mineral density. Based on this information, Andrea probably has ____.

anorexia nervosa

Red, blue, and purple frutis and vegetables are rich food sources of

anthocyanins

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to block the production, release, or action of _________.

ghrelin

Amanda is a three year old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin. Based on this information, she _____.

has difficulty digesting food

Compared to communities without fluoridated water, populations who live in communities with a fluoridated water supply

have fewer dental caries.

Although the Body Mass Index (BMI) is at times useful for determining appropriateness of weight, it is not a perfect measurement as it fails to account for many other factors that affect health and weight. The BMI fails to take into account all of the following EXCEPT:

height.

Certain organs and tissues use _____ to send messages to target cells.

hormones

Regardless of the type of diabetes, the primary sign of the disease is _______________, abnormally elevated blood glucose levels.

hyperglycemia

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should _______.

increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber

Chromium enhances the action of

insulin.

In the United States, newborns are routinely screened for PKU. PKU is a disease characterized by the body's inability to metabolize the essential amino acid _____.

phenylalanine

Typical treatments for eating disorders include _____.

psychotherapy

Gabe's elderly neighbor told him that when he was growing up, the milkman would deliver glass bottles of milk to his family's doorstep. He wonders why milk is not available in glass bottles anymore. Gabe explains to him that light destroys certain water-soluble vitamins in milk and milk is now stored in opaque containers to protect ______ from destruction.

riboflavin

Calcitonin _________.

signals osteoblasts to remove excess calcium from blood

Maintenance of normal extracellular fluid volume depends largely on the extracellular concentration of _____ ions.

sodium and chloride

Subcutaneous fat does not _____.

stimulate red blood cell production

The average American consumes 16 ounces of carbonated soft drinks per day. If a person consumes 16 ounces of cola-flavored, caffeinated, sugar-sweetened soda per day, approximately how many empty calories are added to his or her diet?

180

Derek wants to eat enough salad greens in one meal to equal 1 cup of vegetables. How much of the greens should he eat?

2 cups

Lawrence weighs 198 pounds and has an average basal metabolic rate of 1.0 kilocalorie per kilogram per hour. What is his estimated daily basal metabolic rate?

2160 kcal

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, most healthy people should limit their daily sodium intake to less than __________ mg/day.

2300

While breast milk has a near-perfect nutritional profile for infants, breast milk is low in vitamin D. Formula-fed infants who do not receive much sunlight may also be at risk for vitamin D deficiency. Recently, the American Academy of Pediatrics doubled its recommendation for childhood vitamin D supplementation and now recommends that all children receive how much vitamin D per day?

400 IU

Anthony is training for a half-marathon. He is now training for more than 90 minutes most days of the week. If Anthony weighs 199 pounds, approximately how many calories per day does he need to support his energy needs and maintain his current weight?

4500 kcal per day

Anthony is training for a half-marathon. He is now training for more than 90 minutes most days of the week. If Anthony weighs 199 pounds, approximately how many grams of carbohydrate per day should he consume to maintain adequate muscle glycogen?

543-905 grams of carbohydrate per day

Tomas, a 24-year-old male, wants to estimate his protein needs based on the AMDR. The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that 10-35% of calories come from protein. If Tomas follows a 2300-kilocalorie diet, approximately how many grams of protein per day should he consume?

58-201 grams of protein per day

Recommended sports drinks contain what percentage of carbohydrate by weight?

6

The amino acid profile of a protein in a food helps determine whether that food is a complete or incomplete protein. Which of the following contains incomplete protein?

A handful of peanuts

A kilocalorie is a unit of the energy content of food. Which definition best describes how much energy is in one kilocalorie?

A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1 Fahrenheit

A year ago, Larissa gave birth to a baby. She was slim before she became pregnant, and she was alarmed by the amount of weight that she gained during the pregnancy. After the baby was born, she went on a very-low-carbohydrate diet. Now, she weighs less than she did before the pregnancy, but she continues to restrict her caloric intake to only 500 kcal/day. Although her BMI is 16.9, she still thinks she is too fat. Because her friends are concerned about her extreme weight loss, she avoids eating with them. Based on this information, what eating disorder does Larissa have?

Anorexia nervosa

Why is the burning of plasma free fatty acids greatest during low- to moderate-level physical activity?

Because it takes time for adipose cell triglycerides to be broken down, transported to the muscle tissue, and then utilized for energy.

Which of the following is NOT a major function of magnesium in the human body?

Blood clotting

The most abundant mineral stored in the human body is calcium. Where is the greatest amount of calcium found?

Bones

Many of the top ten leading causes of death in the United States are associate with certain dietary practices. What are the top two leading causes of death in the United States?

Heart disease and cancer

Which of the following statements is true?

People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.

Which of the following describes the antioxidant activity of selenium?

Selenium is required for the activity of glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme that chemically converts peroxides into water.

What is the name of the tool at www.choosemyplate.gov that you can use to assess daily energy and food groups needed, and record and monitor daily diet an physical activity habits?

SuperTracker

Wendy is a 17-year-old world class gymnast who suffers from female athlete triad. Based on this information, she has _____.

abnormal menstrual cycles

Which of the following is an example of enrichment?

adding iron to wheat flour

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States _______________ between 1988-1994 and 2011-2012.

increased

Toddlers who consume more than three serving of milk per day are at risk for anemia because dairy products are a poor source of

iron.

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more _____ than normal.

ketone bodies

The main difference between bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder is that

people with binge-eating disorders do not engage in compensatory behaviors to rid the body of excess calories consumed during a binge.

The weight-loss medication orlistat (Xenical) ____________.

reduces the amount of fat absorbed by the digestive tract

Most proteins in foods and in the body are in the _______________ form.

tertiary