Nutrition Across the Lifespan Ch. 3

_____ during the first 2 months of pregnancy is teratogenic and leads to a two- to three-fold risk of congenital abnormalities.

A high blood glucose level

Untreated phenylketonuria in pregnant women can lead to:

increased risk of heart defects in infant infants with microcephaly severe mental retardation in children all of the above^

Define periconceptional period:

the time period around conception measured in weeks or months

Women that have PKU must avoid the essential amino acid phenylalanine and consume a diet low in protein because:

they lack the enzyme necessary to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine.

Diets that provide low-glycemic index carbohydrates along with _____ of fiber daily are associated with improved blood glucose control.

14 g per 1000 calories

Symptoms of PMS occur in about _____ of menstruating women.

15-25%

Symptoms of PCOS often improve with a _____ loss of initial body weight.

5 to 10%

A nutrient that would effectively treat headaches and cramps in a woman with PMS is _____.

Calcium

Which of the following supplements may be recommended to prevent or delay the onset of gestational and type 2 diabetes?

Vitamin E