nutrition ch. 1 part 3

triglyceride

A _____ is comprised of three fatty acids attached to glycerol.Multiple choice question.

two or more double bonds

A polyunsaturated fatty acid contains _____ between carbons in its carbon chain.

Zero double bonds

A saturated fatty acid contains _____ between carbons in its carbon chain.

three or more double bonds

A saturated fatty acid contains _____ between carbons in its carbon chain.

can be tightly packed together

Since saturated fatty acids do not contain any double bonds, they _____.

saturated fatty acid

Structurally, a trans fatty acid resembles a(n) _____ because its carbon chain is relatively straight.

small intestine

The primary site of lipid digestion is the _____.

saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated

Types of fatty acids

Multi ring structure

What chemical feature of sterols distinguishes them from other classes of lipids?

It binds with used bile salts, preventing their intestinal absorption and leading to their excretion in feces

What effect does soluble fiber have on the recycling of bile salts?

soluble in water and fat

What is it about the structure of phospholipids that makes them ideal as major structural components of cell membranes?

They are mostly in the form of triglycerides

What is one characteristic that lipids found in foods and in the body have in common?

A phospholipid consists of two fatty acids and a phosphorus-containing part

What is the structure of a phospholipid molecule?

heart attack

When a plaque or clot fully blocks an artery leading to the heart, the chest pain that results from a lack of oxygen to heart muscle tissue is called _____.

angina

When a plaque or clot partially blocks an artery leading to the heart, the chest pain that results from a lack of oxygen to heart muscle tissue is called _____.

Linoleic acid, Alpha-linolenic acid

Which fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids?

fatty acids, monoglycerides, cholesterol

Which molecules are removed from chyme by the absorptive cells of the small intestine?

Regulating blood pressure and Regulating the immune system's inflammatory response

Which of the following are ways essential fatty acids affect health?

Dairy foods and beef

Which of the following foods naturally contain small amounts of trans fatty acids?

Their phosphate "head" is water soluble and their fatty acid "tail" is water insoluble

Identify a characteristic of phospholipids that enables them to be major structural components of cell membranes.

Polyunsaturated

Safflower, sunflower, and grapeseed oils are good sources of _____ fatty acids

fatty acids

____ can be saturated or unsaturated.

saturated

_____ fatty acids consist entirely of carbon-carbon single bonds.

Monounsaturated

_____ fatty acids contain only one carbon-carbon double bond.Multiple choice question.

_____ is a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids. olive oil

_____ is a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids.

triglycerides

_____ make up about 95% of lipids in the body and in food.

cholesterol

is a sterol

trans fatty acids

unsaturated fatty acids with hydrogens on opposite sides of the double bond, realatively straight

fat as triglycerides

Adipose cells are designed to store large amounts of _____.

essential

Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are _____ fatty acids because they must be supplied by the diet since the body cannot make them.Multiple choice question.

saturated

Animal fats generally tend to contain more _____ fatty acids than plant oils.

solid, liquid

At room temperature, foods high in saturated fat tend to be _____ and foods high in unsaturated fat tend to be _____.

monosaturated

Avocados and peanut and canola oils are good sources of _____ fatty acids.

heart attack and stroke

Cardiovascular disease can result in kidney failure and which other conditions?

heart

Cardiovascular disease is a group of diseases that affect the _____ and blood vessels.

lipids

Cholesterol and fats are types of _____.Multiple choice question.

beef coconut and palm

Choose the food sources that contain high amounts of saturated fat.

cant dissolve in water-and are organic nutrients

Choose the two characteristics that apply to lipids.

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Components of a triglyceride

1. irritation in blood vessel 2. inflammation 3. plaque deposition at site 4. plaque builds and arteries narrow

Development of Atherosclerosis

hormone-like substances

EPA, DHA, and AA aid in the production of _____.

absorption in the small intestine, Goes through the bloodstream through the liver. The liver recycles bile salts to create new bile

Outline the process of recycling bile salts.

trans

Partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs) are the major kind of artificial _____ fat in processed foods, but their use has now been banned in most foods.

phospholipids are chemically phosphorus

Phospholipids vs lipids

50%

The small intestine absorbs about _____ of dietary cholesterol.