nutrition ch. 1 part 3
triglyceride
A _____ is comprised of three fatty acids attached to glycerol.Multiple choice question.
two or more double bonds
A polyunsaturated fatty acid contains _____ between carbons in its carbon chain.
Zero double bonds
A saturated fatty acid contains _____ between carbons in its carbon chain.
three or more double bonds
A saturated fatty acid contains _____ between carbons in its carbon chain.
can be tightly packed together
Since saturated fatty acids do not contain any double bonds, they _____.
saturated fatty acid
Structurally, a trans fatty acid resembles a(n) _____ because its carbon chain is relatively straight.
small intestine
The primary site of lipid digestion is the _____.
saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated
Types of fatty acids
Multi ring structure
What chemical feature of sterols distinguishes them from other classes of lipids?
It binds with used bile salts, preventing their intestinal absorption and leading to their excretion in feces
What effect does soluble fiber have on the recycling of bile salts?
soluble in water and fat
What is it about the structure of phospholipids that makes them ideal as major structural components of cell membranes?
They are mostly in the form of triglycerides
What is one characteristic that lipids found in foods and in the body have in common?
A phospholipid consists of two fatty acids and a phosphorus-containing part
What is the structure of a phospholipid molecule?
heart attack
When a plaque or clot fully blocks an artery leading to the heart, the chest pain that results from a lack of oxygen to heart muscle tissue is called _____.
angina
When a plaque or clot partially blocks an artery leading to the heart, the chest pain that results from a lack of oxygen to heart muscle tissue is called _____.
Linoleic acid, Alpha-linolenic acid
Which fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids?
fatty acids, monoglycerides, cholesterol
Which molecules are removed from chyme by the absorptive cells of the small intestine?
Regulating blood pressure and Regulating the immune system's inflammatory response
Which of the following are ways essential fatty acids affect health?
Dairy foods and beef
Which of the following foods naturally contain small amounts of trans fatty acids?
Their phosphate "head" is water soluble and their fatty acid "tail" is water insoluble
Identify a characteristic of phospholipids that enables them to be major structural components of cell membranes.
Polyunsaturated
Safflower, sunflower, and grapeseed oils are good sources of _____ fatty acids
fatty acids
____ can be saturated or unsaturated.
saturated
_____ fatty acids consist entirely of carbon-carbon single bonds.
Monounsaturated
_____ fatty acids contain only one carbon-carbon double bond.Multiple choice question.
_____ is a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids. olive oil
_____ is a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids.
triglycerides
_____ make up about 95% of lipids in the body and in food.
cholesterol
is a sterol
trans fatty acids
unsaturated fatty acids with hydrogens on opposite sides of the double bond, realatively straight
fat as triglycerides
Adipose cells are designed to store large amounts of _____.
essential
Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are _____ fatty acids because they must be supplied by the diet since the body cannot make them.Multiple choice question.
saturated
Animal fats generally tend to contain more _____ fatty acids than plant oils.
solid, liquid
At room temperature, foods high in saturated fat tend to be _____ and foods high in unsaturated fat tend to be _____.
monosaturated
Avocados and peanut and canola oils are good sources of _____ fatty acids.
heart attack and stroke
Cardiovascular disease can result in kidney failure and which other conditions?
heart
Cardiovascular disease is a group of diseases that affect the _____ and blood vessels.
lipids
Cholesterol and fats are types of _____.Multiple choice question.
beef coconut and palm
Choose the food sources that contain high amounts of saturated fat.
cant dissolve in water-and are organic nutrients
Choose the two characteristics that apply to lipids.
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Components of a triglyceride
1. irritation in blood vessel 2. inflammation 3. plaque deposition at site 4. plaque builds and arteries narrow
Development of Atherosclerosis
hormone-like substances
EPA, DHA, and AA aid in the production of _____.
absorption in the small intestine, Goes through the bloodstream through the liver. The liver recycles bile salts to create new bile
Outline the process of recycling bile salts.
trans
Partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs) are the major kind of artificial _____ fat in processed foods, but their use has now been banned in most foods.
phospholipids are chemically phosphorus
Phospholipids vs lipids
50%
The small intestine absorbs about _____ of dietary cholesterol.
