Nutrition Ch 4
Lowering dietary fat intake to below _% of total kilocalories consumed may reduce the likelihood of developing certain caners
35%
functions of lipids
provide energy, supply essential fatty acid, provide insulation, form cell membranes, make prostaglandins, carry fat soluble vitamins, provide platability, providearoma, provide satiety
Oatrium is made from
Flour or oat bran
Sterols contain blood cholesterol which are lipoproteins. These lipoproteins split further into two groups called
High density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins
example of a phospholipid
lecithin
Anabolism of adipose tissue is called
lipogenesis
polyunsaturated fatty acids state of matter at room temperature
liquid
polyunsaturated fatty acids do what to serum cholesterol levels
lower them
This city banned the use of trans fats in foods prepared in restaurants in 2006
new york
Structure of a phospholipid
phosphate, lipid
Simplesse is made from
protein
saturated fatty acids are in what state of mater at room temperature
solid
Olestra is made from
sucrose and fatty acids
nations restrict the presence of this fatty acid in their food suppy
trans fatty acid
three types of lipids
triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols
structure of poly unsaturated fatty acids
two or more double bonds in carbon chain
structure of triglyceride
1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids
long fatty acid chain has how many carbon atoms
14-24
The AI for linoleic acid (omega-6) is _ g/day for men and _ g/day for women (19-50 years old)
17 12
monounsaturated fatty acids can take on how many more hydrogens?
2
short fatty acid chain has how many carbon atom
2-4
Dietary Reference Intake has identified an acceptable macronutrient distribution range for fats to be _%-_% vs 34% of daily kilo calories from total fat
20-35
omega-6 fatty acids have a double of at carbon?
6
medium fatty acid chain has how many carbon atoms
6-12
The partially hydrongenated oil is created by partially hydrogenating an unsaturated fat to make it more solid at room temperature for such things as stick margarine, cakes, pastries, and frostings
cis isomers and trans isomers
Omega-3 is found in what fishes
cold water fish oils- salmon, tuna, mackerel
High fat diet increases risk for
heart disease, obesity, cancer
The anabolism of Adipose tissue happens in these two locations in the body
liver, adipocytes
catabolism of lipid: Lipid -> glycerol -> ___ -> ___ + ___ + ___ as waste
liver, glucose, carbon dioxide, water
Long chain fatty acids -> ___ -> ___ -> ___ -> ___
lymph system, subclavian vein, portal vein, liver
example of monounsaturated fatty acids
olive, canola, peanut oil
Cis isomers and trans isomers increase what levels
serum cholesterol
The recommended adequate intake for alpha linolenic acid (omega-3) is _ grams per day for men and _ grams per day for women
1.6 1.1
<_% vs. _% of daily kilocalories form saturated fat
10-12
3 Artificial fats
Olestra, Oatrim, simplesse
Omega-3 is found in what plants
flaxseed, canola oil, soy, dark leafy greens, dried beans
Lipid goes to the stomach and gets broken down by _ into _. The product of this goes into the small intestine gets broken down by _ into _. The product of this then stays in the small intestine to get broken down by _ into _.
gastric lipase, mono and diglycerides, bile, emulsified fat, intestinal and pancreatic lipase, glycerol+fatty acids
The number one kill of adults in the U.S.
heart disease
Omega-3 has double bond of at carbon
3
Recommend consuming <_ milligrams of cholesterol per day
300
Catabolism of fatty acid: Fatty acid -> (aerobic) ____ + (____ as waste) -> ___ -> ____ -> ____ -> ___ (usable energy) + ____ and ___
acetyl CoA, ketones, citrate, kreb's cycle, electron transport system, ATP, carbon dioxide, water
non-modifiable risk factors for heart disease
age, gender, family history, and race
Sterols are also
alchohols
saturated fats around found in
animal fats, tropical plant oils
Absorption process of short and medium fatty chain acids -> ___ -> ___ -> ____
blood, portal vein, liver
to much omega-6 increases susceptibility of what
cancers
Omega-3 reduces change of
cancers, heart disease, and strokes
saturated fatty acids can or cannot take on any more H
cannot
Elements that make up lipids
carbon hydrogen oxygen
Catabolism of lipid: Lipid -> fatty acid -> ___ -> ___ + (____ +____+_____) as waste
cell, adenosine triphosphate, ketones, carbon dioxide, water
structure of a monounsaturated fatty acid
1 double bond in carbon chain
Modifiable risk factors for heart disease
smoking, hypertension, elevated blood lipid levels, sedentary and high stress lifestyle, obesity, high fat diet
polyunsaturated fatty acids are found in
vegetable and fish oils
omega-6 is found mainly in
vegetable oils