Nutrition Ch 4

Lowering dietary fat intake to below _% of total kilocalories consumed may reduce the likelihood of developing certain caners

35%

functions of lipids

provide energy, supply essential fatty acid, provide insulation, form cell membranes, make prostaglandins, carry fat soluble vitamins, provide platability, providearoma, provide satiety

Oatrium is made from

Flour or oat bran

Sterols contain blood cholesterol which are lipoproteins. These lipoproteins split further into two groups called

High density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins

example of a phospholipid

lecithin

Anabolism of adipose tissue is called

lipogenesis

polyunsaturated fatty acids state of matter at room temperature

liquid

polyunsaturated fatty acids do what to serum cholesterol levels

lower them

This city banned the use of trans fats in foods prepared in restaurants in 2006

new york

Structure of a phospholipid

phosphate, lipid

Simplesse is made from

protein

saturated fatty acids are in what state of mater at room temperature

solid

Olestra is made from

sucrose and fatty acids

nations restrict the presence of this fatty acid in their food suppy

trans fatty acid

three types of lipids

triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols

structure of poly unsaturated fatty acids

two or more double bonds in carbon chain

structure of triglyceride

1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids

long fatty acid chain has how many carbon atoms

14-24

The AI for linoleic acid (omega-6) is _ g/day for men and _ g/day for women (19-50 years old)

17 12

monounsaturated fatty acids can take on how many more hydrogens?

2

short fatty acid chain has how many carbon atom

2-4

Dietary Reference Intake has identified an acceptable macronutrient distribution range for fats to be _%-_% vs 34% of daily kilo calories from total fat

20-35

omega-6 fatty acids have a double of at carbon?

6

medium fatty acid chain has how many carbon atoms

6-12

The partially hydrongenated oil is created by partially hydrogenating an unsaturated fat to make it more solid at room temperature for such things as stick margarine, cakes, pastries, and frostings

cis isomers and trans isomers

Omega-3 is found in what fishes

cold water fish oils- salmon, tuna, mackerel

High fat diet increases risk for

heart disease, obesity, cancer

The anabolism of Adipose tissue happens in these two locations in the body

liver, adipocytes

catabolism of lipid: Lipid -> glycerol -> ___ -> ___ + ___ + ___ as waste

liver, glucose, carbon dioxide, water

Long chain fatty acids -> ___ -> ___ -> ___ -> ___

lymph system, subclavian vein, portal vein, liver

example of monounsaturated fatty acids

olive, canola, peanut oil

Cis isomers and trans isomers increase what levels

serum cholesterol

The recommended adequate intake for alpha linolenic acid (omega-3) is _ grams per day for men and _ grams per day for women

1.6 1.1

<_% vs. _% of daily kilocalories form saturated fat

10-12

3 Artificial fats

Olestra, Oatrim, simplesse

Omega-3 is found in what plants

flaxseed, canola oil, soy, dark leafy greens, dried beans

Lipid goes to the stomach and gets broken down by _ into _. The product of this goes into the small intestine gets broken down by _ into _. The product of this then stays in the small intestine to get broken down by _ into _.

gastric lipase, mono and diglycerides, bile, emulsified fat, intestinal and pancreatic lipase, glycerol+fatty acids

The number one kill of adults in the U.S.

heart disease

Omega-3 has double bond of at carbon

3

Recommend consuming <_ milligrams of cholesterol per day

300

Catabolism of fatty acid: Fatty acid -> (aerobic) ____ + (____ as waste) -> ___ -> ____ -> ____ -> ___ (usable energy) + ____ and ___

acetyl CoA, ketones, citrate, kreb's cycle, electron transport system, ATP, carbon dioxide, water

non-modifiable risk factors for heart disease

age, gender, family history, and race

Sterols are also

alchohols

saturated fats around found in

animal fats, tropical plant oils

Absorption process of short and medium fatty chain acids -> ___ -> ___ -> ____

blood, portal vein, liver

to much omega-6 increases susceptibility of what

cancers

Omega-3 reduces change of

cancers, heart disease, and strokes

saturated fatty acids can or cannot take on any more H

cannot

Elements that make up lipids

carbon hydrogen oxygen

Catabolism of lipid: Lipid -> fatty acid -> ___ -> ___ + (____ +____+_____) as waste

cell, adenosine triphosphate, ketones, carbon dioxide, water

structure of a monounsaturated fatty acid

1 double bond in carbon chain

Modifiable risk factors for heart disease

smoking, hypertension, elevated blood lipid levels, sedentary and high stress lifestyle, obesity, high fat diet

polyunsaturated fatty acids are found in

vegetable and fish oils

omega-6 is found mainly in

vegetable oils