Nutrition Ch. 6

Whey protein is a waste product from the manufacturing of...

Cheese

The action of hydrochloric acid in the stomach on protein results in...

Denaturation

A person who regularly eats a high-protein diet needs to make sure they...

Drink plenty of water

Proteins are involved in all of the following roles in the body, but do not...

Form part of cholesterol's structure

The structures of amino acids differ from each other in that...

They each have a different side chain.

The process of messenger RNA being made from a template of DNA is known as...

Transcription

Of the 20 amino acids utilized in the body, 9 are considered BLANK, which means that the body does not produce enough to meet physiological needs and they therefore, must be obtained from the diet.

essential

Eating predigested proteins can help keep your digestive system from being overworked.

false

Proteins are one of three BLANK found in the diet and important structural molecules in living organisms. Proteins help provide structure to cells and are the major component of enzymes that participate in biological reactions. While all macronutrients share similarities, proteins are different than both carbohydrates and lipids in important ways.

macronutrients

What percentage of total food energy should protein provide on a daily basis?

10-35%

Unlike some other nutrients, consuming protein in excess has little or no adverse health effects.

false

After leaving the mouth, proteins are denatured in the stomach by hydrochloric acid.

true

Enzymes facilitate both catabolic and anabolic reactions.

true

Pepsin is an enzyme that begins the digestion of protein in the stomach.

true

Proteins form the building blocks of muscle, blood, and skin.

true

The Recommended Daily Allowance of protein for adults is 0.8 g per kg of healthy body weight per day.

true

The sequence of amino acids in each protein determines its shape which, in turn, determines a specific function.

true

The value of a protein in a diet is determined by four of the following factors.

Amino acid composition, Quality, Digestibility, Comparison with a reference protein

Muscle growth due to protein synthesis is an example of what kind of reaction?

Anabolic

If an essential amino acid that is needed to make an important protein is missing, then the body must...

Break down existing body proteins to supply it

Which of the following statements about protein metabolism is NOT true?

Excess dietary protein decelerates kidney deterioration in people with kidney disease.

The condition that occurs when the diet provides too little protein is known as...

Protein-energy malnutrition

An ounce of most protein foods delivers about...

7 grams of protein

What substance converts the inactive pepsinogen to its active form, pepsin?

Hydrochloric acid

The human body is able to synthesize...

Lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins

When nitrogen consumption and nitrogen excretion are approximately the same, a person is in...

NITROGEN BALANCE

Made according to instructions provided by genetic material...

Only proteins

The chemical makeup requires 4 elements...

Only proteins

Proteins contain only nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms.

false

Choose who would most likely be in nitrogen balance...

Photo of twenty-something healthy adult

Evidence suggests cancer of the colon, pancreas, and ovaries is connected with high consumption of...

Red meat and processed meats

What is the most important consideration for a person who wants to build muscle?

Regular strength training

Essential amino acids are those that...

The body does not make in sufficient amounts, so they must be included in the diet.

A major role of protein in the body is to BLANK. A slight overload on the muscle triggers cellular breakdown and then protein synthesis of each muscle cell in order to adapt.

build and repair tissue cells

If excess protein is consumed, it is stored in the liver for future use.

false

If there is a shortage of an essential amino acid in the body, the body will substitute another amino acid to make a new protein.

false

Most athletes in training need supplemental protein in their diets to maintain muscle mass.

false

Nonessential amino acids are those that are not made in the body and are thereby unnecessary.

false

Plant proteins are always considered low-quality proteins.

false

Protein synthesis begins when the DNA is translated into RNA, and then the RNA is transcribed into a protein.

false

A conditionally essential amino acid occurs when its synthesis is inhibited or does not meet physiological need during some pathophysiological conditions. When this occurs, a BLANK amino acid becomes an ESSENTIAL amino acid and therefore must be obtained from the diet.

non-essential

The proteins in the body are made of combinations of individual amino acids, known as the building blocks of protein. Amino acids are composed of a central carbon connected to a hydrogen atom, an acid group, an amine group, and a side chain. The BLANK is the group that varies for each amino acid.

side chain