Nutrition Ch. 6
Whey protein is a waste product from the manufacturing of...
Cheese
The action of hydrochloric acid in the stomach on protein results in...
Denaturation
A person who regularly eats a high-protein diet needs to make sure they...
Drink plenty of water
Proteins are involved in all of the following roles in the body, but do not...
Form part of cholesterol's structure
The structures of amino acids differ from each other in that...
They each have a different side chain.
The process of messenger RNA being made from a template of DNA is known as...
Transcription
Of the 20 amino acids utilized in the body, 9 are considered BLANK, which means that the body does not produce enough to meet physiological needs and they therefore, must be obtained from the diet.
essential
Eating predigested proteins can help keep your digestive system from being overworked.
false
Proteins are one of three BLANK found in the diet and important structural molecules in living organisms. Proteins help provide structure to cells and are the major component of enzymes that participate in biological reactions. While all macronutrients share similarities, proteins are different than both carbohydrates and lipids in important ways.
macronutrients
What percentage of total food energy should protein provide on a daily basis?
10-35%
Unlike some other nutrients, consuming protein in excess has little or no adverse health effects.
false
After leaving the mouth, proteins are denatured in the stomach by hydrochloric acid.
true
Enzymes facilitate both catabolic and anabolic reactions.
true
Pepsin is an enzyme that begins the digestion of protein in the stomach.
true
Proteins form the building blocks of muscle, blood, and skin.
true
The Recommended Daily Allowance of protein for adults is 0.8 g per kg of healthy body weight per day.
true
The sequence of amino acids in each protein determines its shape which, in turn, determines a specific function.
true
The value of a protein in a diet is determined by four of the following factors.
Amino acid composition, Quality, Digestibility, Comparison with a reference protein
Muscle growth due to protein synthesis is an example of what kind of reaction?
Anabolic
If an essential amino acid that is needed to make an important protein is missing, then the body must...
Break down existing body proteins to supply it
Which of the following statements about protein metabolism is NOT true?
Excess dietary protein decelerates kidney deterioration in people with kidney disease.
The condition that occurs when the diet provides too little protein is known as...
Protein-energy malnutrition
An ounce of most protein foods delivers about...
7 grams of protein
What substance converts the inactive pepsinogen to its active form, pepsin?
Hydrochloric acid
The human body is able to synthesize...
Lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins
When nitrogen consumption and nitrogen excretion are approximately the same, a person is in...
NITROGEN BALANCE
Made according to instructions provided by genetic material...
Only proteins
The chemical makeup requires 4 elements...
Only proteins
Proteins contain only nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms.
false
Choose who would most likely be in nitrogen balance...
Photo of twenty-something healthy adult
Evidence suggests cancer of the colon, pancreas, and ovaries is connected with high consumption of...
Red meat and processed meats
What is the most important consideration for a person who wants to build muscle?
Regular strength training
Essential amino acids are those that...
The body does not make in sufficient amounts, so they must be included in the diet.
A major role of protein in the body is to BLANK. A slight overload on the muscle triggers cellular breakdown and then protein synthesis of each muscle cell in order to adapt.
build and repair tissue cells
If excess protein is consumed, it is stored in the liver for future use.
false
If there is a shortage of an essential amino acid in the body, the body will substitute another amino acid to make a new protein.
false
Most athletes in training need supplemental protein in their diets to maintain muscle mass.
false
Nonessential amino acids are those that are not made in the body and are thereby unnecessary.
false
Plant proteins are always considered low-quality proteins.
false
Protein synthesis begins when the DNA is translated into RNA, and then the RNA is transcribed into a protein.
false
A conditionally essential amino acid occurs when its synthesis is inhibited or does not meet physiological need during some pathophysiological conditions. When this occurs, a BLANK amino acid becomes an ESSENTIAL amino acid and therefore must be obtained from the diet.
non-essential
The proteins in the body are made of combinations of individual amino acids, known as the building blocks of protein. Amino acids are composed of a central carbon connected to a hydrogen atom, an acid group, an amine group, and a side chain. The BLANK is the group that varies for each amino acid.
side chain
